1. Global Education Conference 2010
Esther Wojcicki,
Creative Commons, Vice Chair
Head of CC Education
How to Spread Your Ideas Globally
Using Creative Commons Licenses

2. CC is a nonprofit corporation dedicated to making it
easier for people to share and build upon the works of
others consistent with copyright. We provide free
licenses to enable sharing
What is Creative Commons?

3. CC is Dedicated to Helping
teachers
artists
creators
everyone
share their ideas with the world
All Rights Reserved locks up your ideas

4. U.S.Copyright laws
Everything you write is copyrighted automatically
for your lifetime + 70 years

5. Similar laws exist in all
countries

6. CC licenses allow
people to share ideas
while crediting the creator

7. No one has to write to ask for your
permission
Permission is pre-authorized

8. CC licenses empower the spread of your
ideas and your name more easily

9. It is like having thousands of
people help you spread your
ideas and your name

10. CC empowers educators and students to
share their ideas globally

11. CC empowers the open movement

12. CC Mission
Our mission is to minimize barriers to sharing and
reuse of educational materials — legal barriers,
technical barriers, and social barriers.

13. What is an “open” resource?
The ability to:
• Access
• Share — Copy, Distribute, Display
• Adapt — Perform, Translate
• Derive — Remix
The openness of a resource increases with the
permissions given.
Allow more permissions=
More open.

14. CC & OER can change the world
• Education is a public good worldwide
• But the quality of education varies.
— By region
— By school
— By class
• Open Educational Resources (OER) change this,
by promoting (e)quality education around the world.
The internet is a universal medium.
It can be accessed by anyone.

15. Hewlett’s OER Theory of
Change – Phase IEQUALIZE
ACCESS TO
KNOWLEDGE
Remove
Barriers
High-Quality
Open Content
Understand and
Stimulate Use
High-Quality
Open Content
GOALS OF OER

16. T
CC helps eliminate legal barriers to sharing
Nancy cbn
http://flickr.com/photos/pugno_muliebriter/1384247192/

17. Expression is often restricted.
• Because expression can be, and often is, fully
copyrighted.
• Copyrighted material cannot be shared, adapted,
derived, or even accessed... without express
permission by the owner of the copyright.
• But when people, especially educators, put things
on the web, it is usually for the express purpose of
making it freely available.
• Unfortunately, copyright overrules this intent.
And if you don’t license your work to be open, it
automatically defaults to all rights reserved copyright.

18. CC licenses build on copyright.
• CC Licenses are a form of copyright. They do not
replace copyright, but instead grant a priori
permissions for certain uses that would otherwise
be disallowed.
• So the author still retains their rights to a work; they
simply choose to modify those rights they do
not need or want.
• This makes perfect sense in education especially,
since most people want to share and build off of
each other’s work.

19. CC offers an easy way to share materials, vs
the murky interpretations of fair use in
copyright law.
openDemocracy cba
http://flickr.com/photos/opendemocracy/542303769/

20. CC Licenses support Interoperability
CC wants education
to be here:
“All rights
reserved”
Public Domain
Attribution
Only
BY
CC BY
are clear, comprehensible
and coLIatible
LICENSES
CONDITIONS
ATTRIBUTION
NO DERIVATES
NON
COMMERCIAL
SHARE ALIKE

21. CC Licenses
Which License should I use when?

22. CC-BY
Attribution Only

23. We encourage use of CC BY ...
• Allows the most freedoms without giving up
attribution, which is important for credibility in
education and for spreading your ideas
• Is compatible with every other CC license, allowing
the most room for innovation via collaboration
BY
• Does not encroach on the freedom of potential
users by enforcing a specified use

24. CC BY
Attribution Only
Lets others distribute,
remix, tweak, and
build upon your work,
even commercially,
as long as they credit
you for the original
creation.
BY Consider
• You are a creator of a work, be it a
• But as a professional in your field, you
want to be recognized for your work.
• Basically, you want your stuff to be used
widely—by the most people possible.
This is a great case for CC BY.
play,
a love song, a cookbook
or an educational video game.

25. CC BY
Attribution Only
Lets others distribute,
remix, tweak, and
build upon your work,
even commercially,
as long as they credit
you for the original
creation.
BY But what if
• Someone takes my stuff and locks it away,
defeating the purpose of making it open?
• Someone uses my stuff inappropriately,
while my name is attached to it?
That’s impossible with digital content. Even if
someone remixed the work and re-licensed it
under full copyright, your original work is still
available, free for anybody to use.
• CC BY specifically states that you do not
endorse any works derived from yours.
• So it doesn’t matter; non-endorsement
clause and moral rights allow you to request
a take-down and seek damages anyway.
Boo!
Hurray!

26. Remember: CC BY
• Allows the most freedoms with attribution
(important for credibility in education)
• Is compatible with every other CC license, so...
BY
• All the while NOT encroaching on the freedom of
potential users by enforcing a specified use
i.e. CC BY-NC-SA might not allow print versions of your work
to be given away for even a small recovery cost.
New and creative uses can develop that were
not possible before!

27. ND
• No Derivates license means users can not
make any changes to the work

28. CC BY-ND
Attribution
No Derivatives
Allows for
redistribution,
commercial and non-
commercial, as long
as it is passed along
unchanged and in
whole, with credit to
you.
ND Consider
• You are part of a group of experts that has
finally finished a protocol for data curation.
• Every word was carefully considered, and
it took months of meetings to complete.
• You and the group want to share it, and
you don’t particularly care how it is used...
... AS LONG AS it does not get altered in any way.
For this purpose, CC BY-ND is appropriate.

29. CC BY-ND
Attribution
No Derivatives
Allows for
redistribution,
commercial and non-
commercial, as long
as it is passed along
unchanged and in
whole, with credit to
you.
ND But consider too
• Foreign colleagues want to translate the
protocol. They must seek permission before
they can do so.
?
• Any time someone would like to adapt your
work, the group’s permission is required—
Even for the simple purposes of technical
and social interoperability.
• A fellow expert wants to adapt the work for
display on PDAs. He must also seek
permission.
?

30. Share Alike SA
• Share Alike means if you remix or create a
new creative work, you must share it the
same way it was shared with you. It does
not obligate you to create something.

31. CC BY-NC-
SA
Attribution
Non-commercial
Share Alike
Lets others:
• remix, tweak, and
build upon your work
non-commercially.
• download and
redistribute your work.
• translate, remix, and
produce new stories
based on your work.
All new work based
on yours will carry
the same license, so
any derivatives will
also be licensed non-
commercial.
SA Consider
• A university decides to release course
content openly.
Hurray!
• However, much of the content is third-party
material.
• It is difficult to get rights-holders to give
them content without the NC term.
This is a case where the university may
want to adopt CC BY-NC-SA,
since it is necessary to reach an
agreement with all their rights-holders.

32. Non-Commercial--NC
• Non-Commercial license means others can
remix, tweak, and build upon your work as
long as it is not for commercial use.
•

33. But what if
• Rights holders are willing to give materials
to the university without the NC restriction.
Hurray!
• So the university applies the NC term.
This is a bad reason to use NC because:
• However, the university doesn’t want anyone
selling content without their permission.
Boo!
• People only buy content if they can’t
access the free version, or if they want to
access it differently.
i.e. A publishing co. decides to make
hardcopies available at minimal prices
(to recover printing costs) … to students in Bangladesh!
CC BY-NC-
SA
But they can’t,
because it is
NC licensed.
And they don’t want
to go through the
red tape of
negotiations.

34. CC combination license
• Users can use any combination of the
licenses. Check the Creative Commons
website at www.creativecommons.org
• Here is an example:

35. Public Domain
• Two licenses exist the public domain

36. Language and supporting
materials more
appropriate for the
educational context
What are the different
CC licenses and what
do they mean?
Choosing a CC license
for educational materials
Point of departure for
understanding the bigger
issues and hopes in
education
EASY TO
LICENSE
YOUR
WORK
EASY TO
LICENSE
YOUR
WORK

37. CC licenses support OER
Without CC licenses, it is not
clear what is open

38. Open high quality digitized educational
content, tools and communities
Available anytime, anywhere for free
Localizable and re-mixable
Allows for collective improvement and
feedback
Open Educational Resources

39. As educators
• We need to encourage teachers/students
worldwide to share their ideas and cultures
• We need to help students be Email-Pals
with kids from other parts of the world to
promote understanding
• We need need to share our lesson plans and
our ideas to help one another

40. OER Strategy
Infrastructure
Impact Teaching and Learning
Innovation
R & D

41. OER IS WORLDWIDE
Higher Education

42. Journals, Books, Videos, Data, Games…

43. K-12

44. OPEN LEARNING INITIATIVE

45. Transform Teaching and Learning:
Open Game Based Environments
Open Language Learning InitiativeThis work is licensed under aCreative Commons Attribution 3.

46. How to
Find
OER?
How to
Find
OER?
A few
ideas.
A few
ideas.

47. Search on CC

48. One way is using a Google Custom
Search Engine
• So far this OER Beta Search only includes
20 universities but more will be added.
• Here is the link
• More information will be available in
January 2011

49. GOER Search for Higher
Education Resources

50. OOCW has a federated search 0f 3947
courses

51. Social
Barriers
to OER
Technical
Unfamiliarity
Workload
Organizational
Pressures
Agency
Cultural
Awareness,
Misconceptions
Standardized
Curricula
Tenure
Standards
Developed
World
Developing
World
My stuff
vs
Commons
vs
Noncommercial
Term
Resources
World
Teacher
Education
Socioeconomic
factors
Time
Management
Teacher
Salary
(Bissell and Boyle)

52. Technical Pluses & Minuses
CC licenses are visible to search engines
• CC Licenses specify licensing restrictions
on works in metadata
•Much OER is NOT picked up by search engines
such as Google,
Yahoo and Bing
Reference for this and later slides (where noted):
Towards a Global Learning Commons: ccLearn.
Bissell, Ahrash and James Boyle.
Educational Technology 4(6). Nov-Dec 2007. Pages 5-9.

53. Other Technical Concerns
Incompatibility of:
• Encryption protocols
• Video formats
• Streaming technologies
So that even though OER may be licensed openly,
they are prevented from being used openly,
negating the point of openness.
A great deal of “open educational resources” are
encased in technology not easily translatable to more
universal, interoperable standards.
David Tames cbna
http://flickr.com/photos/kino-eye/354623704/
(Bissell and Boyle)

54. DiscoverEd - "Discover the Universe of Open Educational Resources"
Jorum - "free learning and teaching resources, created and contributed by teaching
staff from UK Further and Higher Education Institutions"
OCWFinder - "search, recommend, collaborate, remix"
OER Commons - "Find Free-to-Use Teaching and Learning Content from around the
World. Organize K-12 Lessons, College Courses, and more.”
Temoa - "a knowledge hub that eases a public and multilingual catalog of Open
Educational Resources (OER) which aims to support the education community to find
those resources and materials that meet their needs for teaching and learning through
a specialized and collaborative search system and social tools."
University Learning = OCW+OER = Free custom search engine - a meta-search
engine incorporating many different OER repositories uses Google Custom Search
XPERT - "a JISC funded rapid innovation project (summer 2009) to explore the
potential of delivering and supporting a distributed repository of e-learning resources
created and seamlessly published through the open source e-learning development
tool called Xerte Online Toolkits. The aim of XPERT is to progress the vision of a
distributed architecture of e-learning resources for sharing and re-use."
OER Dynamic Search Engine - a wiki page of OER sites with accompanied search
engine (powered by Google Custom Search)
The UNESCO OER Toolkit links to further useful, annotated resources and
repositories.
JISC Digital Media maintain guidance on finding video, audio and images online,
including those licensed as Creative Commons.
SEARCH RESOURCES

55. You can help OER & CC
• Tell all your educators friends about OER
• Try using it yourself
• Create some OER and share
• Tell educators about CC licensing
• Send feedback to Creative Commons at this
link

56. Thanks
•Thank you for coming to
this presentation
•You can find it on
SlideShare.
• Esther Wojcicki

57. Except where otherwise noted, this slideshow is licensed
CC BY .