Thank you for the presentation. I learned a lot about the different styles and movements in 20th century architecture.

1. 20th Century Architecture
REPORTED BY:
LUBIANO, KEZIA

2. BACKGROUND
 RAPID ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
 URBANIZATION INCREASED
 ARCHITECTURE WAS AFFECTED BY
POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC EVENTS
 ADVANCE IN TECHNOLOGY CUES FOR
NEW ARTISTIC FORM, SPACE AND TIME

3. MODERNISM ( MODERNIST ARCHITECTURE )
• EMPHASIZES FUNCTION
• ATTEMPTS TO PROVIDE FOR SPECIFIC NEEDS RATHER
THAN IMITATE NATURE
FEATURES OF MODERN ARCHITECTURE:
 LITTLE OR NO ORNAMENTATION
 FACTORY-MADE PARTS
 MAN-MADE MATERIALS SUCH AS METAL
AND CONCRETE
 REBELLION ON TRADITIONAL STYLES

4. STYLISTIC IDEAS OF MODERNISM:
 STRUCTURALISM
 CONSTRUCTIVISM
 FORMALISM
 BAUHAUS
 THE INTERNATIONAL STYLE
 DE STIJL
 BRUTALISM
 MINIMALISM

5. STRUCTURALISM
based on the idea that all things are built from
a system of signs (these signs are made up of
opposites: male/female, hot/cold, old/young,
etc.)
 a process of searching for the relationship
between elements
 STRUCTURE IS MORE IMPORTANT THAN
FUNCTION.

6. European Space Centre ESTEC
(European
Space Centre
ESTEC in
Noordwijk,
restaurant
conference-hall
library,
(Aldo van Eyck
and Hannie van
Eyck)

7. Nakagin Capsule Tower
Nakagin
Capsule
Tower in
Tokyo,
(Kisho
Kurokawa)

8. Peter Eisenman (known for being a Structuralist with his designs)
 designed an innovative facade for the University of Phoenix
Stadium in Arizona

9. CONSTRUCTIVISM
 combined engineering and technology with
political ideology
 most famous work of constructivist architecture
was never actually built
 MOST FEATURES OF CONSTRUCTIVISM INCLUDE:
glass and steel
abstract geometric shapes
technological details such as antennae,
signs, and projection screens

10. Tatlin's Tower
Russian architect
Vladimir Tatlin
launched the
constructivist
movement when he
proposed the futuristic,
glass-and-steel Tatlin's
Tower.

11. Constructivist Architects
 Vladimir Tatlin
 Konstantin Melnikov
 Nikolai Milyutin
 Aleksandr Vesnin
 Leonid Vesnin
 Viktor Vesnin
 El Lissitzky
 Vladimir Krinsky
 Iakov Chernikhov

12. FORMALISM
 emphasizes form
 interested in visual relationships
between the building parts and the
work as a whole
 SHAPE, often on a monumental scale,
is the FOCUS OF ATTENTION.
 LINES and RIGID GEOMETRIC
SHAPES dominate Formalism.

13. Bank of China Tower
Architect
Ieoh Ming Pei
has been
praised for
the "elegant
formalism"
of his
Bank of
China Tower

14. BAUHAUS
 German expression meaning house for
building
 based on functionalism and simplicity
 rejected "bourgeois" details such as
cornices, eaves, and decorative details
 use principles of Classical architecture in
their most pure form: without
ornamentation of any kind

15. FEATURES OF BAUHUS BUILDINGS
 flat roofs
 smooth facades
 cubic shapes
 Common colors used are white, gray,
beige, or black.
 Floor plans are open and furniture is
functional.

16. The Bauhaus Gropius House in Lincoln, Massachusetts
Architect
Walter Gropius
used Bauhaus
ideas when he
built his
monochrome
home in
Lincoln,
Massachusetts.

17. THE INTERNATIONAL STYLE
 term often used to describe Bauhaus
architecture in the United States.
 became a symbolism of Capitalism
 favored architecture for office buildings,
and is also found in upscale homes built
for the rich
 adapted the International Style to the warm
climate and dry terrain, creating an elegant yet
informal style known as Desert Modernism.

18. Williams Tower (formerly the Transco Tower)
Formerly the Transco
Tower, the Williams
Tower in Houston,
Texas is one of the
world's tallest
buildings not in a
central business
district.
Architect: Philip
Johnson and John
Burgee

19. The United Nations Secretariat
Originally designed by
an international team
of architects including
Le Corbusier, Oscar
Niemeyer, and Wallace
Harrison.
The smooth glass-sided
slab, one of the first uses
of curtain-wall cladding
on a tall building.

20. Architects Inspired by the Bauhaus and
International Movement
 Walter Gropius
 Le Corbusier
 Richard Neutra
 Philip Johnson
 Mies van der Rohe
 Marcel Breuer

21. DE STIJL
 movement started in Netherlands; also known
as Neoplasticism
 it is a response to World War I destruction and
the loss of individualism
 abstraction, precision, geometry, striving
towards artistic purity and austerity, studying the
laws of nature
 advocate materialism and functionalism
 using only straight horizontal and vertical lines
and rectangular forms

22. The Rietveld Schröder House
Rietveld
Schröder
House by
architect
Gerrit
Thomas
Rietveld,
Netherlands (circa
2005)

23. DESERT MODERNISM
 a mid-twentieth century approach to
modernism
 capitalized on the sunny skies and warm
climate of southern California and American
Southwest
 Rocks, trees, and other landscape features
were often incorporated into the design.

24. Characteristics of Desert Modernism
 Expansive glass walls and windows
 Dramatic rooflines
 Wide overhangs
 Steel and plastic combined with wood and
stone
 Open floor plans
 Outdoor living spaces incorporated into the
overall design

25. Architects Associated With Desert Modernism
 William F. Cody
 Albert Frey
 John Lautner
 Richard Neutra
 Donald Wexler
 E. Stewart Williams

26. Kaufmann House
Kaufmann
House in
Palm
Springs,
California
by Richard
Neutra

27. BRUTALISM
 rugged reinforced concrete construction
or Béton Brut meaning raw concrete
 heavy and angular; can be constructed quickly
and economically
 COMMON FEATURES:
 Precast concrete slabs
 Rough, unfinished surfaces
 Exposed steel beams
 Massive, sculptural shapes

28. The Paulo Mendes da Rocha Residence
The Paulo
Mendes
da Rocha
Residence
in São
Paulo,
Brazil by
Paulo
Mendes
da Rocha

29. MINIMALISM
• also known as reductivist design meaning tending to
reduce to a minimum or to simplify in an extreme way
• Buildings are stripped of all but the most
essential elements
• Emphasis is placed on the outline, or frame, of
the structure
• Interior walls are eliminated; floor plans are
open.
• Lighting is used to dramatize lines and planes.
• The negative spaces around the structure are
part of the overall design.

30. Minimalist Luis Barragan House
The Minimalist
Luis Barragan
House, or Casa
de Luis
Barragán, was
the home and
studio of
Mexican
architect Luis
Barragán.
This building is a classic
example of the Pritzker
Prize Laureate's use of
texture, bright colors,
and diffused light.

31. Architects Known for Minimalist Designs
 Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
 Tadao Ando
 Luis Barragan
 Yoshio Taniguchi
 Richard Gluckman

32. FAMOUS MODERN ARCHITECTS:
Louis Henry Sullivan
 an American architect, and has been called
the “father of skyscrapers” and “prophet of
modern architecture”
 conceived the most famous phrase ever to
come out of his profession, “form follows
function”
 Sullivan’s architecture is a mixture of plain
geometry and undisguised massing punctuated
with elaborate pockets of ornamentation in
stone, wood and terra cotta.

33. Wainwright State Office Building
The
Wainwright
Building is
among the
first
skyscrapers
in the
10-story red
brick office
world.
building

34. FAMOUS MODERN ARCHITECTS:
Frank Lloyd Wright
 never attended architecture school; Wright
studied engineering
 apprenticed with J.L. Silsbee and Louis Sullivan
 designed more than 1,000 structures and
completed 532 works
 believed in designing structures which were in
harmony with humanity and its environment, a
philosophy he called organic architecture

35. Fallingwater
Considered
by some as
the most
famous
private house
ever
built, Fallingw
ater
epitomizes
man living in
harmony with
nature.

36. FAMOUS MODERN ARCHITECTS:
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
 along with Le Corbusier, Alvar Aalto, and Frank
Lloyd Wright, he is widely regarded as one of
the pioneering masters of modern architecture
 called his buildings "skin and bones"
architecture
 associated with the aphorisms, "less is more"
and "God is in the details"

37. Seagram Building
Constructed with
travertine, marble, a
nd 1,500 tons of
bronze, the
Seagram Building
was the most
expensive
skyscraper of its
time.

38. FAMOUS MODERN ARCHITECTS:
Charles-Édouard Jeanneret
 better known as Le Corbusier
 laid the foundation for what became the Bauhaus
Movement or the International Style
 innovative urban planner; best known for his
low income housing ; dedicated to providing
better living conditions for the residents of crowded
cities
 quoted "By law, all buildings should be white.“
because he believed stark, unornamented
buildings he designed would contribute to
clean, bright, healthy cities

39. Villa Savoye The villa is
representative of
the bases of
modern
architecture,
and is one of the
most easily
recognizable
and renowned
examples of the
International
style.

40. FAMOUS MODERN ARCHITECTS:
Hugo Alvar Henrik Aalto
 famous for both his buildings and his furniture
designs
 passion for painting led to the development of
his unique architectural style, cubism and
collage
 Aalto used color, texture, and light to create
collage-like architectural landscapes.

41. Baker House
The Baker
House by
Alvar Aalto
overlooks a
busy street,
but the rooms
remain
relatively quiet
because the
windows face
the traffic at a
diagonal.

42. THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING!

43. QUIZ: MARCH 6, 2013 (10 ITEMS)
1-3.) Give 3 Stylistic Ideas of Modernism.
4.) Who is the “father of skyscrapers”?
5.) _________ based on the idea that all
things are built from a system of signs.
6.) Also known as reductivist design.
7-10.) Name 4 famous modern architects.

44. Answers:
1.-3) 7-10.)
 STRUCTURALISM Louis Henry Sullivan
 CONSTRUCTIVISM Frank Lloyd Wright
 FORMALISM
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
 BAUHAUS
Hugo Alvar Henrik Aalto
 THE INTERNATIONAL STYLE
Le Corbusier or Charles-Édouard
 DE STIJL
Jeanneret
 BRUTALISM
 MINIMALISM
4.) Louis Henry Sullivan
5.) Structuralism
6.) Minimalism