1. Building
“climate-­‐smart”
East
African
coffee
produc9on
systems
CIALCA
Conference
Kigali,
Rwanda
–
24
October
2011
Henk
van
Rikxoort,
Laurence
Jassogne,
Peter
Läderach,
Piet
van
Asten

2. AGENDA
} Opportunities for East African coffee
} Challenges for East African coffee
} Classification for East African coffee
} 1 – Yield
} 2 – Adaptive capacity
} 3 – Carbon footprint
} Institutional landscape
} Conclusions
Building “climate-smart” East African coffee production systems

3. OPPORTUNITIES FOR COFFEE
} Coffee constitutes a large proportion of both GDP and
exports share in East African countries
} Coffee here is predominantly produced by smallholders
§ AFDB (2010)
§ ICO (2011)
Building “climate-smart” East African coffee production systems

4. NEED FOR ADAPTATION
§ Läderach et al. (2010)
Building “climate-smart” East African coffee production systems

5. NEED FOR MITIGATION
} Increasing consumer demand for products which emit
fewer GHG emissions
} Retailers, the private sector and certification bodies start
to address GHG emissions in coffee supply chains
§ Retailers
§ Certification bodies
Building “climate-smart” East African coffee production systems

6. CLASSIFICATION FOR EAST
AFRICAN COFFEE
Unshaded Unshaded
monoculture monoculture
Estates
Shaded Coffee – banana
monoculture intercrop
Smallholder farming
Coffee – tree
system
Coffee
garden
Wild
coffee
Building “climate-smart” East African coffee production systems

7. YIELD
4000
1: Arabica x banana
Unshaded (Uganda)
2: Arabica x banana
3000
Shaded (Uganda)
3: Robusta x banana
yield (kg/ha)
Shaded (Uganda)
2000
4: Arabica monocrop
Unshaded (Kenya)
5: Arabica monocrop
1000
Unshaded (Uganda)
6: Arabica monocrop
Shaded (Uganda)
0
7: Robusta monocrop
1 2 3 4
4 5
5 6
6 7
7 Shaded (Uganda)
coffee system
Building “climate-smart” East African coffee production systems

8. ADAPTIVE CAPACITY
§ Shading
§ Intercropping
Building “climate-smart” East African coffee production systems

9. CARBON FOOTPRINT
Carbon footprint per unit product
12
11 Sum = 9.2
10
Sum = 9.4
9 Pesticide production
8 Gas use
Sum = 3.7
kg CO2-e/kg-1 parchment coffee
7
Sum = 3.9
Diesel use
6
Electricity use
5
Off-farm transport
4
Crop residue managment
3
2
Waste water production
1 Fertiliser induced N2O
0 Fertiliser production
Trad-poly
Com-poly
Shad-mono
-1
Unshad-mono
C sequestration in trees
-2
-3
-4
Building “climate-smart” East African coffee production systems

10. INSTITUTIONAL LANDSCAPE
Governments
} Need for policies that support
climate-smart coffee production
systems
Research and extension
} More research attention needed for
systems rather than single crops
Private sector
} Involvement of private sector needed
in addressing climate change in coffee
supply chains
Building “climate-smart” East African coffee production systems

11. CONCLUSIONS
} Global trends indicate that adapting to and mitigating climate
change will be key for coffee production systems to be
effective in the future
} Coffee in East Africa is produced in different systems with
different characteristics and benefits
} Climate-smart systems use intercropping with other food
crops and shading to combine adaptation and mitigation
} Support from governments, research institutes and the private
sector is needed to promote and implement these climate-
smart systems in the region
Building “climate-smart” East African coffee production systems

12. THANK YOU
International Institute for Tropical Agriculture
(IITA)
Coffee – Banana Intercropping Team
International Center for Tropical Agriculture
(CIAT)
Decision and Policy Analysis Program (DAPA)
Wageningen University and Research Centre
(WUR)
Plant Research International (PRI)
Henk van Rikxoort
E-mail: henk.vanrikxoort@wur.nl
Laurence Jassogne
E-mail: ljassogne@gmail.com
Building “climate-smart” East African coffee production systems