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Colonial governments
- 1. Life in the English Colonies Forms of Government
- 5. Parliament House of Commons House of Lords
- 6. Congress House of Representatives Senate
Notas do Editor
- Colonial governments given power by charters: Proprietary—one or more individuals controlled the colony Company Royal The monarch had the sole power to grant charters
- Privy Council—a group of royal advisors that set English policy in the colonies; allowed most colonies to run their own affairs Governors—served as head of government; most assisted by and advisory council; monarch selected governor and councilmen in royal colonies; proprietors did so in proprietary colonies; CT elected governor; job of governor to carry out policies set by crown
- Assemblies: elected to help make laws Based on Parliament Bicameral —law making body made up of two houses
- Privy council: ensured all laws complied with royal policy
- Virginia Assembly: established at Jamestown in 1619; first colonial legislature in North America Two Houses: Council of State: Selected by governor’s advisory council and the Virginia Company House of Burgesses—elected by colonists Disagreement: assemblies would refuse to pay salaries
- Town Meeting—center of New England politics; decided on local issues—paying for schools, ownership and use of unsettled lands; selected town officials; met at least once a year South—lived too far away from one another—decisions made at the county level Middle colonies—combination of town and county meetings in local governments
- Colonists used courts whenever possible to control local affairs—Example: a Massachusetts court would uphold Puritan ideas
- Zenger found not guilty
- 1685: James II becomes King of England—believed northern colonies had become too independent—wanted them more connected with England (more united effort against Indian war—Wikipedia)
- 1686: James II united Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, and Rhode Island under a single government—the Dominion on New England Sir Edmund Andros appointed governor of Dominion Dominion government: Replaced original charters—no assemblies 1688: Andros limited town meetings 1687: Andros arrested individuals protesting tax policies
- James II attempts to restore Catholicism—becomes very unpopular Parliament asks Mary (James’s daughter) and William of Orange (ruler of the Netherlands) to come to England and rule
- Fall 1688: William & army land in England, James flees to France Not bloodless…minor battles
- 1689: upon hearing of the fall of James II, New England residents removed Andros from power, sent him to England, and formed new assemblies William & Mary reissued charters to colonies English Bill of Rights reduced power of the monarch, gave more power to Parliament—shift to representative government