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Done by : Asaad Awad ID :S200315471
Presented to:
Medical use in animal

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Summary Layout
Medial use in animal
History
What is medical research that uses animals?
Pets and Human Health
Significance
Considerations
Using Animals in Research
Medical use in animal

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MEDICAL RESEARCH IN ANIMAL
Medical use in animal

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Over the centuries a number of scientific and medical
breakthroughs have used animals to
test theories.
Louis Pasteur was the first to convincingly show that
animals could be used in the
research of diseases.
In the 1880s,,He demonstrated germ theory by giving
anthrax to sheep.
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The following decade.. Ivan Pavlov used salivating dogs to show classical
conditioning.
In 1922, insulin was extracted from dogs to
treat diabetes.
Russians used a dog, Laika, to test the effects of space on mammals in 1957
by rocketing her into
orbit.
Dolly the sheep was cloned from an adult cell, proving the possibilities of
cloning technique in 1996.
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Medical use in animal

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Table 1. Medical Research with Animals Saves Lives
Dog Discovery of insulin
Monkey Polio vaccine
Mouse Rabies vaccine
Pig Skin grafts for burn victims
Pig Computer-assisted tomography (CAT) scans
Rabbit Corneal transplants
Rat Carcinogen screening
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Pets and stress
Pets and excursive
Pets and Your Heart
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The British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection
estimates that 100 million animals are tested on each
year.
Four classes of animals are commonly used:
invertebrates, small animals, cats and dogs,
and primates.
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Invertebrates such as flies and worms offer scientists insight
into collective actions and community development.
The short life spans make them ideal candidates for large
scale research.
worms and insects have less-developed nervous and immune
systems, limiting their usefulness in disease work.
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Mice and rabbits are the most commonly.
The genetic makeup of these animals is 99 % similar to humans. They also
contain many of the same features since they are mammals.
According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), 20 million rats
and mice are used in medical research each year.
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Cats and dogs are used in neurology, endocrinology,
cardiology and bone research.
The USDA shows that 66,000 dogs are used in
facilities in the U.S. each year. Most are purchased in
auctions or from shelters.
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The USDA states that approximately 70,000 primates are used in medical research each year
worldwide.
These animals are nearly identical to humans, making them perfect subjects for behavioral
studies, reproductive experiments, genetics, xenotransplantation and AIDS research.
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Baboons, marmosets, macaques, and green monkeys are most commonly
used in these experiments.
The use of chimpanzees still occurs in the U.S.A. and possibly China.
Medical use in animal

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The ethics regarding animals in medical research are the subject of much
debate ,claiming it caused unnecessary pain and discomfort on animals.
The first law was established in 1876 regarding the treatment of animals
in medical testing(Cruelty to Animals Act).
Modern groups such as People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals work
to end the use of animals in medical research(stop the testing).
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Most governments and scientific organizations
request that animal testing should be:
1- limited to what is absolutely necessary.
2- Require as little suffering as possible.
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The U.S., European Union and many other countries have adapted guiding
principles for this research called the “Three Rs”.
Reduction of animals in medical research is enforced to require researchers
to obtain more information from fewer animal tests.
Replacement of animals in testing that may not require a full organism to
complete the research.
Refinement of the process to minimize or control suffering, distress and pain.
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Major purposes:
1- Basic and applied medical research.
2- The development of drugs and medical devices.
3- The production and standardization of vaccines and other biologicals.
4- The safety testing of other chemicals.
5- Educational activities.
6- To diagnose disease and identify pathogens.
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The Benefits of Using Animals In Medical Research:
1- prolonged the lives of millions of people.
2- Animals used as disease models in medical research to test
treatments and surgical procedures
3- The disease animal models used in medical research have resulted in
treatments to combat health disorders that affect humans. Health
disorders such as diabetes and asthma.
5- Without the use of animals in medical research, certain medications
and treatments would be useless to humans.
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Critical risks, problems and assumptions
58%
23%
9%
10%
Fixing the product customer Knowledge Cost Competitors
Medical use in animal

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Thank you
Animal care
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