1. JSRCC 122 HIS
Chapter 23:The
United States and
the Cold War

2. • Advocacy of a classless society in which private ownership has
been abolished and the means of production and subsistence
belong to the community
Communism

3. • President Harry S. Truman’s program announced in 1947 of aid to
European countries particularly Greece and Turkey threatened
by communism
• The Truman Doctrine in Marc 1947 promised that the USA “ would
support free peoples who are resisting” communism
– This led to containment-policy of containing communism where it is
• 1947: British help Greek government fight communist guerrillas
– They appealed to America for aid, and the response was the Truman
Doctrine
– America promised it would support free countries to help fight communism
– Greece received large amounts of arms and supplies and by 1949 had
defeated the communist
• Significant
– It showed that America, the most powerful democratic country, was
prepared to resist the spread of communism throughout the world
Truman Doctrine

4. • 33rd president of the United States
• Born on May 8,1884 in Lamar, Missouri
• Harry worked on the family farm until he left to serve in WW1 in
1917
• 1922, Truman was elected as a judge of Jackson, with help from
the Prendergast’s
• Truman was selected as Franklin Roosevelt’s vice president
candidate in 1944
Harry S. Truman

5. • “Man of Steel”
• USSR
• Played only a small role in the Russian Revolution of 1917
• 1939: Stalin (USSR) makes a deal with Hitler (Germany)
Joseph Stalin

6. • Immediately after World War II, the U.S. provided economic aid to
Europe through the United Nations Relief and rehabilitation
Administration. However, when U.S. officials learned that communists in
Easter Europe used the aid to advance their political fortunes, the
United States withdrew from the program. Europe, however, remained
in crisis
– A drought ruined the harvest of 1946 and severe winter weather later that
year increased the misery the war had brought. The dire conditions raised the
treat of political change
• U.S. program for the reconstruction of post-World War II Europe Through
massive aid to former enemy nations as well as allies; proposed by
General George C. Marshall in 1947
• USA’s plan to send food, blankets, fuel to Europe to help them, and to
keep them from turning communist
Marshall Plan

7. • Beginning of WWII Summer of 1941, MacArthur was recalled to active
duty to head the US military forces in the Far East.
– He was given control as the Supreme Commander of the Philippine army. His
headquarters during the Philippines Campaign was on the island fortress of
Corregidor.
• MacArthur’s Counterattack MacArthur was given permission to
recapture the Philippines. On October 20, 1944
– MacArthur’s forces invaded Leyte Island in the Philippines. On January of
1945, MacArthur sent troops to Luzon and captured it in March.
• Surrender of Japan In January of 1945, MacArthur was promoted to
five star general
– On August 6 th and 9 th , two atomic bombs were released in Hiroshima and
Nagasaki.
– On September 2, 1945, MacArthur accepted Japan’s surrender.
Douglas MacArthur

8. • The Berlin blockade (24 June 1948 – 12 May 1949) was one of the
first major international crises of the Cold War. During the
multinational occupation of post–World War II Germany, the
Soviet Union blocked the Western Allies' railway, road, and canal
access to the sectors of Berlin under allied control.
• Soviet union creates the Berlin Blockade in
• Berlin Airlift Used by the U.S. to send supplies
• Soviets end blockade in 1949
Berlin Blockade

9. • North Atlantic Treaty Organization
• USA, France, Great Britain, West Germany
• 1949 the western nations formed the North Atlantic Treaty
Organization to coordinate their defense against USSR
• Since the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, some former Soviet
republics have applied for membership to NATO
NATO

10. • Between 1925-1937 the Nationalists led by Chiang Kai-shek and
the communists led by Mao Zedong fought for control of china
• Led the army in developing guerilla warfare tactics to fight the
Nationalists and then Japanese
Mao Zedong

11. • This 1950 manifesto described the Cold War as an epic struggle
between the idea of freedom and the idea of slavery under the
grim oligarchy of the Kremlin. At stake in the world conflict, it
insisted, was nothing less than the survival of the free world. One
of the most important policy statements of the early Cold War,
NSC-68 helped to spur a dramatic increase in American military
spending.
NSC-68

12. • After the failure of the promise of Korean independence by the
Allied nations, on June 25, 1950, communist North Korean troops
invaded South Korea, Poorly armed, the South Koreans were no
match for the North. The United Nations ordered North Korea to
withdraw its troops. General MacArthur was appointed to
command all Un Troops in Korea. After, three years of fighting a
stalemate, more than 54,000 American troops perished.
Korean War

13. • Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is one of the principal
intelligence-gathering agencies of the United States federal
government
Central IntelligenceAgency

14. • International Organization where countries try to find peaceful
solutions
• It has no army but uses troops from other countries
United Nations

15. • Domestic reform proposals of the Truman administration;
included civil rights legislation, national health insurance, and
repeal of the Taft-Hartley Act, but only extensions of some New
Deal programs
Fair Deal

16. • Baseball hero
• Brooklyn dodgers
Jackie Robinson

17. • Deep South delegates who walked out of the 1948 Democratic
National Convention in protest of the party’s support for civil
rights legislation and later formed the States Rights Democratic
(Dixiecrat) Party, which nominated Strom Thurmond of South
Carolina for president.
Dixiecrats

18. • Investigated allegations of subversive elements in the
government and the Hollywood film industry1950-Wisconis
senator in trouble for his upcoming reelection
– Needed a issue to keep people from looking at the lies about himself
• 1954
– Accusations of trying to keep an assistant from being drafted
– Accusation of homosexuality
– Accusations against people that the public respected
Joseph R. McCarthy

19. • were American citizens executed for conspiracy to commit
espionage, relating to passing information about the atomic
bomb to the Soviet Union.
• Accused of passing atomic bomb secrets to the soviets
• Executed 1953
– Only civilians in the 2oth century executed foe espionage
Julius and Ethel Rosenberg

20. • House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC), a committee
(1938–75) of the U.S. House of Representatives, created to
investigate disloyalty and subversive organizations. Its first
chairman, Martin Dies, set the pattern for its anti-Communist
investigations.
House Un-American Activities
Committee

21. • President Truman vetoed the McCarran-Walter Act because he
opposed its quota provisions, which favored western European
immigration, However, Truman favored some of the bill’s
provisions. The act ended the practice of prohibiting Asians from
becoming naturalized citizens of the U.S. In addition, it allowed
the spouses and children of U.S. citizens to migrate without being
counted as part of increasing immigration from Asia.
• Passed over President Harry S. Truman’s veto, the law required
registration of American Communist Party members, denied
them passports, and allowed them to be detained as suspected
subversives
McCarran-Walter Act of 1952