2. Table of Contents Ser Estar Verbs like Gustar Hacer Expressions El Pretérito and Trigger Words Car, Gar, y Zar Spock Cucaracha Snake Snakeys Affirmative Commands Negetive and Irregular Commands DOPs IOPs Se Impersonal 16. Past Participles as Adjectives 17. El Futuro 18. Imperfect Tense 19. Demonstrative Adjectives 20. Demonstrative Pronouns 21. Los MandatosFormales 22. Mandatosinformales 23. Modal Verbs 24. Reflexives 25. Saber vs. Conocer
3. 1. Ser D.O.C.T.O.R.P.E.D Description Origin Characteristics Time Occupation Relationship Possession Event Date
4.
5.
6. 4. Hacer Time Expressions Preterite Tense is ago. Example: Haceunasemanaquedesapareció. Present Tense is since and for. Example: Hacetresdiasque no tengoproblemas con Pablo.
19. 9. Snake In the 3rd person, the stem change occurs. The stem change is to opposite vowel with the first vowel.
20. 10. Snakeys Follows same concept as SNAKE, but is more specific. In the 3rd person the stem change is the vowel “I” to the vowel “y”. Leer
21. 11. Affirmative Commands Steps: Put verb in ‘yo’ form Change to opposite vowel. Ar to e er/ir to a 3. If plural add a ‘n’ 4. Then, add DOP to end ONLY IF POSITIVE Example: Comalo!
32. Ir + a + infinitive Use this when you are going to do something Ex: Voy a viajar a Nicaragua.
33. 18. Imperfect Tense Used to describe past activities in a different way No stem changes in the imperfect Incomplete or continuing actions Used to describe: Habitual actions or repeated actions Events of actions that were in progress Physical characteristics Mental or emotional states Time-telling Age -ar -er/-ir
36. 20. Demonstrative Pronouns Serve basically the same purpose as the demonstrative adjectives, except they stand for nouns rather than modify nouns Singular masculine éste (this) ése (that) aquél (that) Plural masculine éstos (these) ésos (those) aquéllos (those) Singular feminine ésta (this) ésa (that) aquélla (that) Plural feminine éstas (these) ésas (those) aquéllas (those)
37. 21. Los MandatosFormales For –ar verbs : conjugate to yo form drop –o and add –e For –er/ -ir verbs : conjugate to yo form drop the –o and add –a
38.
39. 23. Modal Verbs Used with other verbs to help them change their meaning Pair up with infinitivesmodal verb+infinitive Modal verbs: Poder, querer, deber, tenerque, ir a
40. 24. Reflexives Reflects action of verb back to subject Reflexive pronouns: me, te, se, nos, os, se Put pronoun in front of verb after you conjugate the verb Ex: he sees himself se ve When the verb is not conjugated, place after or before the verb Ex: he is going to see himself va a verse o se va a ver Reflexive verbs: acostarse, afeitarse, bañarse, cepillarse, ducharse, llamarse, ponerse, vestirse
41. 25. Conocer vs. Saber Saber is used to express knowledge of information Ex: we know how to cook sabemoscocinar Conocer is used to express knowledge of a person, place, thing, etc. Ex: we know Ben conocemos Ben