Introduction to career opportunities in the field of Information technologies

1. IT Career Paths
Hayesha Somarathne
B.Sc(Hons) in IT, MSc in CS, Dip in Psy

2. Information Technology (IT) continues to change the way we live,
play, and do business, so it should come as no surprise that IT is
2014's fastest growing career field, and will continue to be for years
to come. The dominance of the IT job market is due in part to
numerous factors including:
Prolific growth of the Internet and e-commerce.
lower hardware and software prices allowing more businesses
to upgrade their technology.
Increased demand for information security specialists spurred
by the escalating frequency and sophistication of cyber-crimes.
The advent of smarter applications enabling companies to
analyze data and develop unprecedented business intelligence.
And the dawn of the mobile computing era.
IT Career Paths

3. Web Developer
Computer Programmer
Mobile Application
Developer
Software Engineer
Systems Analyst
User Interface
Developer
Data Scientist
IT Security Specialist
Video Game Designer
Graphic Designer
AutoCAD Drafter
IT Help Desk Technician
Database Administrator
Network Administrator
IT Project Manager
IT Manager/CIO
IT Career Paths

4. Web developers build the web pages and web-based
applications that comprise the Internet. A basic web
development work-flow includes:
Collecting or creating web content
(copy, images, videos, etc.)
Planning web site layout and
navigation
Coding the actual web pages
Testing and optimizing the website
for superior user experience and
optimum performance.
IT Career Paths

5. Typical day-to-day activities and marketable skill sets for web
developers include the following. Web Developers:
Fluency in the core web development scripting languages ;ole
HTML, CSS and JavaScript
Should know one or more server-side programming languages,
such as Java, PHP and .NET
Test web pages and web apps in multiple browsers, e.g., Chrome,
Firefox & Internet Explorer
Develop websites that interact with popular database systems like
MySQL, SQL Server & Oracle.
Use wireframes to plan the layout, navigation and functionality of
new web development projects.
Communicate with clients and colleagues to troubleshoot websites
and optimize performance
IT Career Paths

6. Computer programmers translate project specifications
from software and systems engineers into a script of
logical instructions that computers can understand and
interpret into functioning programs.
Fluent in a range of programming
languages.
Having a fair knowledge of more than
one language, having the
understanding of the strengths,
limitations and real-world applications.
Multiple languages are used in tandem
to create powerful multifaceted
programs.
IT Career Paths

7. Typical day-to-day activities and in-demand skill sets for
computer programmers include:
Computer programmers write code using a variety of languages,
e.g., C, C#, C++, PHP, Python, Perl and Java.
Computer programmers update, optimize the performance and
expand the functionality of existing programs.
Some programmers work in a team dynamic to design complex
computer systems and business applications.
Computer programmers meticulously test for and fix code errors “bugs” - in a process called debugging.
Good programmers insert detailed comments into code projects so
peers and managers can follow their process.
Computer programmers work closely with software developers,
architects and engineers to keep projects on track.
IT Career Paths

8. Mobile developers write programs inside of a mobile
development environment using the Objective C, C# or
Java programming languages.
Mobile Platform
Core Language
Environment
Mobile Device
Android
Java
Eclipse
Multiple Vendors
iOS(Apple)
Objective-C
Xcode
Apple iPhone, iPad, iPod
RIM(Blackberry)
Java
Eclipse
Blackberry Devices Only
Windows Mobile
C#
Visual Studio 2010
Multiple Vendors
IT Career Paths

9. Typical day-to-day duties and in-demand skill sets for mobile
application developers include:
Mobile developers are fluent in object-oriented programming
languages such as Java, Objective-C and C#.
Mobile application developers code, test, debug, monitor and
document changes for mobile applications.
Mobile devs are skilled at working inside the development
environments of one or more the top mobile Oses.
Mobile app developers can implement application programming
interfaces (APIs) to support mobile functionality.
Mobile application developers know the terminology, concepts,
and best practices for coding mobile applications.
IT Career Paths

10. Software engineers design, develop, test and optimize
the computer programs we use every day, e.g., business
apps, operating systems, video games, network control
systems and social networks.
Applications software engineers analyze an end-user's
computing needs and develop a custom program to meet
those needs.
Systems software engineers coordinate the creation,
maintenance and expansion of an organization's internal
computer systems.
IT Career Paths

11. Typical day-to-day activities and in-demand skill sets for software
engineers may include the following:
Software engineers analyze end-users' needs and develop software
solutions within time and cost constraints.
Software engineers are fluent in object-oriented programming
languages such as Java, C, C++, Perl & Python.
Software engineers program, test, debug, monitor and document
changes to computer systems & applications.
Specialized software engineers, known as mobile app developers,
create applications for smartphones & tablets.
Systems software engineers examine departmental goals and
develop custom computer systems for organizations.
IT Career Paths

12. Computer systems analysts are the “big picture”
thinkers in IT. Armed with an understanding of both
business and technology, these professionals analyze an
organization's current computer systems & procedures,
and recommend strategic changes to increase
productivity, reduce costs and accomplish other
organizational objectives.
The computer systems analyst's
prime directive is to maximize the
return on investment (ROI) of an
organization’s IT budget.
IT Career Paths

13. Typical day-to-day duties and in-demand skill sets for computer
systems analysts include:
Systems analysts work closely with managers and end-users to
define systems requirements and business goals.
Systems analysts analyze the effectiveness of computer systems
and develop strategies to improve IT productivity.
Systems analysts assist in the design & development of new
computer applications and enhancements to existing apps.
Computer systems analysts make recommendations to increase the
ROI of an organization's technology expenditures.
Computer systems analysts create systems models, diagrams and
charts to provide direction to system developers.
IT Career Paths

14. User interface (UI) developers combine programming,
psychology and creative design to craft intuitive controls
for software and hardware.
The UI developer’s mission is to
create an interface that behaves as
users would it expect it to,
facilitating a seamless and efficient
user experience.
IT Career Paths

15. Typical day-to-day activities and marketable skill sets for UI
developers include the following:
Are fluent in the essential front-end web development languages,
i.e., HTML, CSS and JavaScript.
Use responsive web design to create user interfaces that
automatically conform to multiple screen sizes and devices.
Conduct usability testing to identify and fix UI problems, and gather
real-world intelligence from their target market.
Use visual aids, including wireframes, storyboards and UI flow
charts, to plan and present user interface designs.
Keep current with the latest trends and best practices of UI/UX
design and HCI (human-computer interaction).
IT Career Paths

16. Data scientists analyze and mine data from a range of
sources, including click streams, sensors, social media
posts, transactions, log files and GPS plots..
Their mission is to unlock valuable
and predictive insights that will
influence business decisions and
spur a competitive advantage.
IT Career Paths

17. Typical day-to-day activities and in-demand skill sets for Data
Scientists include:
Perform data-mining, modeling and hypothesis generation in
support of high-level business goals.
Stay current with emerging tools and techniques in machine
learning, statistical modeling & analytics.
Successful data scientists often have strong aptitudes for business,
technology, mathematics & statistics.
Need strong oral & written communication skills to present data as
a concise story for diverse audiences.
Big data scientists develop customized algorithms to solve
analytical problems with incomplete data sets.
IT Career Paths

18. IT security specialists leverage an in-depth
understanding of information security risks, threats,
technologies & procedures to design and implement
secure computer systems
TIT security specialists leverage an
in-depth understanding of
information security risks, threats,
technologies & procedures to
design and implement secure
computer systems
IT Career Paths

19. Typical day-to-day duties and marketable cyber security skill sets
include :
Develop plans to safeguard computer files against unauthorized
modification, destruction or disclosure.
Choose, implement, monitor and upgrade computer anti-virus and
malware protection systems.
Encrypt data transmissions and erect firewalls to conceal
confidential information during transmit.
Perform risk assessments and tests on running data processing
activities and security measures.
Educate workers about computer security and promote security
awareness and security protocols.
IT Career Paths

20. Video game designer jobs fall into one of three
disciplines: Game Artist, Game Designer or Game
Programmer.
All video game designers spend a
lot of time in the classroom - or
virtual classroom for online
students - learning new skills to
keep up with the gaming industry's
rapidly evolving technologies,
trends and emerging platforms
IT Career Paths

21. In-demand skill sets and day-to-day activities for Video Game
Designers include the following: Game designers
Devise the missions, challenges and puzzles that will be
encountered in game play.
Create narrative features, such as story-lines, role-play mechanics
and character bios.
Conduct periodic design reviews throughout the video game
development timeline.
Collaborate with artists and sound engineers to achieve the desired
audio/visual style.
Plan games using screenshot mockups, gameplay flowcharts and
other visual devices.
Work closely with game programmers and artists to ensure that
the design is being followed
IT Career Paths

22. In-demand skill sets and day-to-day activities for Video Game
Designers include the following: Video game artists
Are responsible for the aesthetics (or visual style) of video games
and simulations.
Are skilled in traditional art concepts and techniques, such as line,
form and color theory.
Design the artwork for all visual game aspects, such as characters,
weapons and vehicles.
Use 2D/3D computer animation software to mockup and animate
video game levels and worlds.
Some game artists use motion-capture software to incorporate
live-action actors into the video game.
Collaborate with game programmers and designers to ensure
finished product is consistent with original artwork.
IT Career Paths

23. Marketable skill sets and daily activities for Video Game
Programmers include the following. Game programmers:
Are fluent in the popular video game development programming
languages, such as Java, C and C++.
Develop the artificial intelligence (AI) that dictates reactions of
computer-controlled elements.
Write and fine-tune precise computer code that control the
difficulty level of a video game.
Develop the code that enables multiplayer gameplay over a
network, such as Xbox Live.
Some game artists use motion-capture software to incorporate
live-action actors into the video game.
Develop game physics, which controls how objects interact within
the video game environment.
IT Career Paths

24. Graphic designers’ duties vary widely and include
designing web pages, laying out catalogs and
newsletters, designing logos, marketing collateral and
any other web, print and interactive materials your
company or clients require.
If you’re creative, have a good eye
for color and composition, and
love technology, then the graphic
designer career path is for you.
IT Career Paths

25. Typical daily activities and in-demand skill sets for graphic
designers include the following:
Design websites, email and newsletter templates, and social media
pages.
Plan layouts for magazines, brochures and other print publications.
Design corporate logos, business cards and company letterhead.
Make promotional displays, teasers and signs for public exhibitions.
Create banner ads and rich media marketing campaigns for web
pages.
Work closely with Copywriters, Creative Directors, and Marketing
Managers.
IT Career Paths

26. AutoCAD drafters prepare 2D and 3D technical drawings
used as blueprints to construct products and structures,
such as buildings, machinery, toys, microchips, plumbing
& electrical systems, vehicles and a host of other
manufactured goods.
AutoCAD drafters use AutoCAD Autodesk's industry-leading
drafting and design software - to
prepare 2D and 3D technical
drawings.
IT Career Paths

27. Autodesk Product
Drafting Specialists
AutoCAD
Designers, Architects, Engineers
AutoCAD Civil 3D
Civil Engineers, Drafters, Designers
AutoCAD Architecture
Architects, Contractors, Building Managers
3ds Max
Game Developers, Graphic Designers, 3D Animators
Inventor
Product Manufacturers, Inventors, Prototype
Designers
Maya
3D Animators, Effects Specialists, Game Designers
Revit Architecture
Architects, Building Information Managers
AutoCAD Electrical
Electrical Controls & Systems Designers
IT Career Paths

28. Typical day-to-day activities and in-demand skill sets for
AutoCAD drafters include:
Fluent in one or more Autodesk CADD (computer-aided drafting &
design) programs.
Create technical schematics and blueprints for the construction of
structures and products.
Provide measurements, dimensions and notes on the materials
needed to complete the project.
Coordinate with other employees to obtain technical details,
optimize designs, and resolve issues.
Pros modify and revise designs to correct operating deficiencies
and limit production problems.
IT Career Paths

29. IT help desk technicians provide technical support and
troubleshooting services to end-users who need
assistance with their computer hardware or software.
There are two chief types of help desk technician: Inhouse and Remote.
Remote help desk technicians
support technology customers via
phone, online and occasionally onsite.
In-house technicians only provide
support for internal employees.
IT Career Paths

30. Typical day-to-day duties and in-demand skill sets for IT help
desk technicians include:
Help desk technicians diagnose PC errors and provide technical
support.
Help desk technicians troubleshoot software, hardware and
network issues.
Help desk technicians train end-users how to setup and use new
technologies.
Help desk technicians backup and restore an organization's data
files and folders.
Help desk techs install, configure and upgrade PC software and
operating systems, clean and repair computer hardware, such as
keyboards and printers.
IT Career Paths

31. Database administrators ensure that business data is
accurate, available and secure.
The corporate database is the heart
of key business systems that drive
payroll, manufacturing, sales and
more, so database administrators
are recognized - and rewarded - for
playing a crucial role in an
organization's success.
IT Career Paths

32. Typical day-to-day duties and in-demand skill sets for DBAs
include the following:
Implement, support and manage the corporate database.
Design and configure relational database objects.
Are responsible for data integrity and availability.
May design, deploy and monitor database servers.
Design data distribution and data archiving solutions.
Ensure database security, including backups & disaster recovery.
Produce entity relationship & data flow diagrams, database.
normalization schemata, logical to physical database maps, and
data table parameters.
Transfer database information to integrated mobile devices.
IT Career Paths

33. Network administrators install, support and manage the
networks and computer systems that keep information
flowing.
They implement and maintain
network hardware and software,
troubleshoot network problems,
and ensure network security,
availability & performance
standards.
IT Career Paths

34. Typical daily activities and marketable skill sets for network
administrators include the following:
Configure and maintain the organization's internal computer
network.
Manage network security tools, e.g., firewall, anti-virus and
intrusion detection systems.
Identify, troubleshoot, solve and document network connectivity
and performance issues.
Install and support hard-line telephones and other networked
telecommunication devices.
Monitor network performance and optimize the network for
optimal speed and availability.
Install, configure and maintain network hardware, for example,
Cisco routers and switches.
IT Career Paths

35. IT project managers ensure that complex technical
projects, such as systems upgrades, are completed on
time, under budget and to specifications.
These professionals plan and
coordinate the efforts of the
internal project team, 3rd party
contractors and consultants to
bring IT projects to successful
completion.
IT Career Paths

36. Typical day-to-day activities and in-demand skill sets for IT
project managers include:
Plan, execute and finalize technology projects on schedule, under
budget and to scope.
Develop and manage a work breakdown structure (WBS) for largescale IT projects.
Write project plans detailing a project's goals, technologies,
systems, schedules, budget and personnel.
Develop project plans that include cost-benefit or return on
investment (ROI) analyses.
Coordinate recruitment of project personnel and assign duties,
responsibilities and spans of authority.
Hold status and implementation meetings with project personnel
and upper management
IT Career Paths

37. IT managers ensure that their team or department
operates efficiently, effectively and inline with
organizational goals.
Work closely with senior
executives and department heads
to identify, develop and support
new technology solutions.
Responsible for creating and
ensuring adherence to
organizational IT policy,
procedures and best practices.
IT Career Paths

38. Typical day-to-day activities and in-demand skill sets for
technology managers include the following:
Are responsible for strategic IT planning, including fostering
innovation & allocating monetary resources.
Direct operational IT planning, including planning IT projects and
the allocation of manpower resources.
Oversee the financial aspects of their IT team or dept., including
purchasing, budgeting & budget review.
Coordinate IT staffing, including hiring, supervision, scheduling,
professional development and discipline.
Collaborate with and maintain communications with executives
and department heads in the organization.
Design, implement and enforce the policies, procedures and best
practices for their IT team or department.
IT Career Paths

39. Chief Information Officer
Senior Project Manager / Senior Product Manager /
Senior Software Architect
Project Manager / Product Manager / Software Architect
Project Lead / Senior Team Lead / Senior Technical Lead
Module Lead / Team Lead / Technical Lead
Senior Software Engineer / QA Engineer
Software Engineer / QA Engineer
Associate Software Engineer / Associate
QA Engineer
IT Career Paths

40. http://www.itcareerfinder.com/it-careers.html
IT Career Paths