A collection of the most recent evidence based figures / models regarding deconditioning, sarcopenia and frailty.

1. @strengthforlifecampaign
@strength4_life #StrengthSavesLives
www.strengthforlifeltd.co.uk
Deconditioning

2. Key Deconditioning Research

3. Categorising Deconditioning
➢ Primary sarcopenia- Age related loss of muscle mass, strength and physical
function, preventable and is not normal ageing.
➢ Secondary sarcopenia – sarcopenia following an event that alters pre-existing
levels of mobility such as hip fracture
➢ Medication induced sarcopenia – drugs such as corticosteroids and statins can
accelerate reductions in muscle mass and strength
➢ Sarcopenic obesity – low muscle mass and strength in addition to high body fat
levels
➢ Cachexia - muscle wasting condition with inflammatory component accompanying
diseases such as cancer, COPD, renal disease
➢ Frailty - a syndrome resulting from age-related cumulative declines of multiple
physical & psychosocial factors that results in reduced resilience to stressors

4. Sarcopenia vs Cachexia

5. Low levels of strength is a red Flag!
Patients under these thresholds
should be seen as a serious cause for
concern;
Increased risk of multi-
morbidity & mortality.
Limited physical performance,
reduced independence & reduced
quality of life.
Increased need of healthcare
support for ADL’s & increased
healthcare costs.
Strength
Assessment
Grip Strength 5 Sit to Stands
M < 27kg
F < 16kg
> 15 seconds
Increased risk of falls and
fractures.

6. Complications of Low Muscle Mass

7. Muscle Mass is a Vital Sign

8. Muscle Mass is a Physiological Reserve

9. Skeletal Muscle Performance & Ageing

10. Lose Strength, Lose Movement

11. Step Reduction & Muscle Mass

12. Bed Rest is Toxic

13. Vicious Cycle of Deconditioning

14. Functional Declines

15. Muscular Strength & Mass Declines

16. Age Related Loss of Muscle Mass

17. Muscle Mass & Life Course Events

18. Sarcopenia – Punctuated Decline

19. Sarcopenia

20. Sarcopenia Aetiology

21. Factors Associated with Sarcopenia

22. Sarcopenia & Clinical Outcomes in
Older Adults

23. Sarcopenia Assessment

24. Regulation of Muscle Mass

25. Factors that worsen Sarcopenia

26. Chronic Conditions Accelerate Ageing

27. Muscle Mass & Chronic Conditions

28. Osteosarcopenia

29. COPD & Muscle Mass

30. Sarcopenia Rates in Cancer

31. Rheumatoid Cachexia

32. Frailty & Chronic Conditions

33. Sarcopenia & Frailty Overlap

34. Sarcopenia – Frailty - Malnutrition

35. Frailty Across the Life Course

36. Cycle of Frailty

37. Frailty – Progressive Decline

38. Effectiveness of Strength Training for
Treating Frailty

39. Exercise Prevents Functional Decline in
Hospital

40. Strength Training is a Countermeasure for
Deconditioning & Chronic Disease!

41. Please follow our social media channels to
see how we put all these methods into
practice!
@strengthforlifecampaign
@strength4_life
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