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American Literature  Mid-Term Exam   Part 2: American Romanticism and  Victorian Mourning Customs
Instructions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
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American Romanticism   ,[object Object],[object Object]
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[object Object],Imagination Nature Individuality American Culture
Read 2 documents ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Emerson, Death and  the Cycles of Nature ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Cycles of Society ,[object Object],Note how the Great Seal of the US is clearly based on geometric forms: straight lines, pyramids, circles (not to be confused with cycles, though they are connected). The phrase “Novus Ordo Seclorum” means “New Order of the Ages” which symbolizes the United States replacing the British Empire in North America
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[object Object],[object Object],Richard Caton Woodville's  Old '76 and Young '48   (note: this is a “genre painting” from 1849.  Genre paintings told stories  by depicting a single, important, dramatic moment .  This particular painting  is not   about Romanticism replacing Rationalism  –  but its theme can be adapted to ours.)
Creating an American Religion ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Read the poems on the following slides (if you can’t see them because they’re too small, there are copies on the Moodle site.
The River  by Ralph Waldo Emerson ,[object Object],These trees and stones are audible to me, These idle flowers, that tremble in the wind, I understand their faery syllables, And all their sad significance. The wind, That rustles down the well-known forest road-- It hath a sound more eloquent than speech. The stream, the trees, the grass, the sighing wind, All of them utter sounds of 'monishment And grave parental love. They are not of our race, they seem to say, And yet have knowledge of our moral race, And somewhat of majestic sympathy, Something of pity for the puny clay, That holds and boasts the immeasurable mind. I feel as I were welcome to these trees After long months of weary wandering, Acknowledged by their hospitable boughs; They know me as their son, for side by side, They were coeval with my ancestors, Adorned with them my country's primitive times, And soon may give my dust their funeral shade.  --June, 1827
Some Keep the Sabbath   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],"Faith" is a fine invention  When Gentlemen can see—  But  Microscopes  are prudent  In an Emergency.  "Faith" is a Fine Invention by Emily Dickinson
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Popular Culture ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Spiritualism as an attempt to create an American (Romantic) religion ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Séance and Science ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],How did séances  and mediums and “communication with the dead” accomplish this?
The Spirit Photograph
Memorial Photography
Memorial Photography
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American Mourning ,[object Object],[object Object]
Mourning and Music 1800’s ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Fatal Wedding  by Gussie L. Davis The wedding bells were ringing on a moonlit winter's night The church was decorated, all within was gay and bright. A woman with a baby came and saw the lights aglow, She thought of how those same bells chimed for her three years ago. I'd like to be admitted, sir, she told the sexton old Just for the sake of baby to protect him from the cold. He told her that the wedding was only for the rich and grand, And with the eager watching crowd, outside she'd have to stand. While the wedding bells were ringing, While the bride and groom were there, Marching up the aisle together, While the organ pealed an air; And tales of fond affection, Vowing never more to part, Just another fatal wedding, Just another broken heart.
Mourning and Music 1999 ,[object Object],[object Object],An MP3 is on the Moodle site
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Public Mourning in the  20 th /21 st  Century ,[object Object],[object Object],Memorial at Columbine High Tennis courts
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Visitors started leaving personal tributes and mementos, and in so doing,  public grief  became not only acceptable for the first time in decades, but to some extent  expected .  The Wall became a place where we (perhaps) could return to our American Romantic roots.
9-11 tribute Columbine Oklahoma City And so, the WALL – wherever it may be – legitimizes and facilitates the act of publicly displaying grief.
What is perhaps most remarkable about  this  photo is that the chain link fence has been  added  outside the entrance to the  Official Oklahoma City Memorial …the memorial itself may not be sufficient for public grieving.
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Good Luck!

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2008 Midyear Mourning Customs

  • 1. American Literature Mid-Term Exam Part 2: American Romanticism and Victorian Mourning Customs
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  • 26. The Fatal Wedding by Gussie L. Davis The wedding bells were ringing on a moonlit winter's night The church was decorated, all within was gay and bright. A woman with a baby came and saw the lights aglow, She thought of how those same bells chimed for her three years ago. I'd like to be admitted, sir, she told the sexton old Just for the sake of baby to protect him from the cold. He told her that the wedding was only for the rich and grand, And with the eager watching crowd, outside she'd have to stand. While the wedding bells were ringing, While the bride and groom were there, Marching up the aisle together, While the organ pealed an air; And tales of fond affection, Vowing never more to part, Just another fatal wedding, Just another broken heart.
  • 27.
  • 28.
  • 29.
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  • 32. Visitors started leaving personal tributes and mementos, and in so doing, public grief became not only acceptable for the first time in decades, but to some extent expected . The Wall became a place where we (perhaps) could return to our American Romantic roots.
  • 33. 9-11 tribute Columbine Oklahoma City And so, the WALL – wherever it may be – legitimizes and facilitates the act of publicly displaying grief.
  • 34. What is perhaps most remarkable about this photo is that the chain link fence has been added outside the entrance to the Official Oklahoma City Memorial …the memorial itself may not be sufficient for public grieving.
  • 35.
  • 36.