qualitative Research tools

1. Topics:-

2.  Qualitative Data Analysis is the range of
processes and procedures whereby we move
from the qualitative data that have been
collected in to some form of explanation,
understanding or interpretation of the people
and situations we are investigating.
 QDA is usually based on an interpretative
philosophy. The idea is to examine the
meaningful and symbolic content of
qualitative data.
Hariri 2589157386

3.  Theory: A set of interrelated concepts, definitions and propositions
that presents a systematic view of events or situations by specifying
relations among variables
 Themes: idea categories that emerge from grouping of lower-level
data points
 Characteristic: a single item or event in a text, similar to an individual
response to a variable or indicator in a quantitative research. It is the
smallest unit of analysis
 Coding: the process of attaching labels to lines of text so that the
researcher can group and compare similar or related pieces of
information
 Coding sorts: compilation of similarly coded blocks of text from
different sources in to a single file or report
 Indexing: process that generates a word list comprising all the
substantive words and their location within the texts entered in to a
program
Hariri 2589157386

4.  Analysis is circular
 Iterative and progressive
 Close interaction with the data
 Data collection and analysis is
simultaneous
 Level of analysis varies
 Uses inflection
 Qualitative data by itself has meaning,
i.e. “apple”
Hariri 2589157386

5.  Thematic Analysis
 Focused Groups
 Narrative Analysis
 Hermeneutical analysis
Hariri 2589157386
Hariri 2589157386

6.  Analysis of qualitative data that explores
the presence of themes, both
predetermined and those that emerge,
within the data
Hariri 2589157386
Hariri 2589157386

7.  Phase 1: Becoming Familiar with the Data
› Transcription
 Phase 2: Generating Initial Codes
› Data reduction
› Data complication
 Phase 3: Searching For Themes
 Phase 4: Reviewing Themes
 Phase 5: Defining and naming themes
 Phase 6: Producing the Report
Hariri 2589157386

8.  The original aim of the interview was to provide a
basis for interpreting significant findings (from a
parallel or later quantified study) on an impact
 a uniform stimulus (a film, a radio broadcast, etc.) is
presented, its impact on the interviewee is studied
using an interview guide.
 It is a comparison of subjective and objective
definition of the interviewee towards problem.
Elements:
 Non-directional
 Specifically
 Range(“Reversional transition”)
 Depth and Personal context
Hariri 2589157386
Hariri 2589157386

9.  Members participate in the interview for one-half to
two hours
 the interviewer should be "flexible, objective,
empathic, persuasive, a good listener" (Fontana and
Frey
 to prevent single participants or partial groups from
dominating the interview and thus the whole group
with their contributions
 encourage reserved members to become involved
in the interview
 interviewers must balance their behavior between
(directive) steering the group and (non-directive)
moderating it.
Hariri 2589157386
Hariri 2589157386

10.  Basically, focus groups are interviews, but of 6-10 people
at the same time in the same group. one can get a great
deal of information during a focus group session. However,
focus groups is different from group interviews. First, a
focus group is a way of observing a small group of people
talking about a particular issue. the group discuss and
develop the topic with some direction from a mediator.
the role of the mediator is in the background, ensuring
that the group boundaries are kept to and to ensure that
the group stays on track.

This differs from a group interview where the interviewer or
mediator has a more prominent role asking people
specific questions. In this the interviewer has a much more
central role.
Hariri 2589157386

11.  A common feature of the varieties of
group discussions is to use as a data
source the discussion on a specific topic
in a natural group (i.e., existing in
everyday life) or an artificial group (i.e.,
put together for the research purpose
according to certain criteria).
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12.  •Narratives are transcribed experiences
 •Every interview/observation has
narrative aspect-the researcher has to
sort-out and reflect up on them,
enhance them, and present them in a
revised shape to the reader
 •The core activity in narrative analysis is
to reformulate stories presented by
people in different contexts and based
on their different experiences
Hariri 2589157386

13.  Formal text Analysis
 Structural Description(formal connecters)
 Analytic Abstraction( factual processual)
 Case analysis(interrelation)
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14.  Analysis of the biographical data;
 Thematic field analysis
 Reconstruction of the life history;
 Microanalysis of individual text segments;
and
 Contrastive comparison of life history
and life story
Hariri 2589157386

15.  Hermeneutic Objective
› Objective meaning
› Subjective meaning
 Interpretations follow a three-step procedure
 First, open coding according to Strauss is applied with
a focus on the sequential structure of the document
(line by line, sometimes word by word).
 Researchers look for highly aggregated meaning
units and concepts that bind together the parts and
units
 In the third step, new data are sought with which the
interpretation is falsified, modified, and extended by
means of the later data collection
Hariri 2589157386

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