Groundwater province is an area or region in which geology and climate combine to produce groundwater conditions consistent enough to permit useful generalisations.
2. Introduction:
• Groundwater Province:
Groundwater province is an area or region in which geology
and climate combine to produce groundwater conditions consistent
enough to permit useful generalizations.
• The prevalent rock formations, ranging in age from the Archaean to the
recent, control the occurence & movement of groundwater.
• The topography and rainfall virtually control runoff and groundwater
recharge.
3. Introduction (Cont.)
• High relief areas - high runoff.
• Alluvial tract - high yielding aquifers.
• Peninsula - near surface weathered mantle.
• Hard rock terrain - deep weathered pediments, abandoned river
channels.
• Coastal, estuaries and deltaic tracts form linear strip around
peninsular India.
4. Significant factors control Ground
Water resources:
• Climate
• Relief features/ topography,
• Geological structures & hydrological setup.
5.
6. Precambrian Crystalline Province:
• It covers Tamilnadu, Andhra Pradesh, Maharastra, Karnataka,
Bundelkhand and Aravalli ranges.
• It forms discontinous water bearing formations,
• Weathered parts of Precambrian Granite, gneiss and metamorphic
rock.
• Poor yield of upto 20 - 200 cu.m/ day.
7. Precambrian Sedimentary Province:
• Confined to Cuddapah, Vindhyan, Raipur, and Western Rajasthan
basins.
• Comprises of sandstones, conglomerate, limestone & slate,
• Rocks are compact and non porous,
• Secondary porosity yield water and the yield is 5 - 200 cu.m/ day
8. Gondwana Sedimentary Province:
• Barakar & Godavari river basins;
• Good in sandstone & poor in shale;
• Surrounded by crystalline rocks;
• Total formation - 6 - 7m thick;
• L. Gondwana - devoid of groundwater;
• U. Gondwana - good yield.
9. Deccan trap Province:
• 1200m thick impermeable basalt;
• Aquifers: i) structures by sec. porosity & fractures
ii) intertrappean beds
iii) contact zones b/w two beds, vesicles and amygdales.
Red boles yield water but cause problems during drilling.
10. Cenozoic Sedimentary Province:
• Tertiary sandtones of Tamilnadu, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Gujarat
coasts have good yield;
• In east coast seaward dipping strata contain several artesian
aquifers.
• Springs form along the hill tracts.
11. Cenozoic Fault Basin:
• Rift zones of Narmada, Purna & Tapti are good sources of GW
with 80 - 160m thick alluvial cover of sand, silt and clay.
12. Ganga- Brahmaputra alluvial
Province:
• Largest and rich GW province;
• Hard basements & slopes :10 - 30 degrees;
• 3 distinct belts:
– Bhabar of Talus material
– Tarai of water bearing gravel, sand & pebble with silt & clay;
– The axial belt comprising of stratified fine gravel deposited by river.
Yield upto 100 - 300 cu.m / hr.
13. Himalayan Higland Province:
• Highly folded and faulted sedimentary rocks of Palaeozoic to
Cenozoic.
• Sandstone, limestone & shale and their metamorphic equivalents.
• Traversed by gorges and valley of sediments and act as conduits
alluvial province.
• Springs are common; If alluvium is thick wells too forms to yield
100 - 200 cu.m /hr.