Journal Club Presentation Public Health

1. Journal Club Presentation
Presented By:
Name: Sajan Ghimire
Roll No: 20
BPH, VIII Semester, SHAS, PU.
12/10/2020 Sajan Ghimire 1

2. Presented for the partial fulfillment of requirement
of
PHA 451 Journal Club/Health Seminar
of
Bachelor of Public Health, VIII Semester,
School of Health and Allied Sciences, Pokhara University
under the cardinal supervision of
Assistant Professor Dr. Hari Prasad Kaphle
By
Sajan Ghimire,
Symbol.No: 17370197
Pu.Reg No: 2016-1-37-0121
12/10/2020 Sajan Ghimire 2

3. Selected Article for Presentation
• Authors : Eftu Ahmed, Hailu Merga and Fessahaye Alemseged.
• Tittle of article journal: Knowledge, attitude, and practice towards
mental illness service provision and associated factors among health
extension professionals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
• Journal name : International Journal of Mental Health System
• Volume 2019, 13:5, 9pages
12/10/2020 Sajan Ghimire 3

4. Journal Information
• International Journal of Mental Health Systems (IJMHS) is a Peer-
reviewed, Open Access article.
• Publishes the latest mental health research and health systems
research, reviews, case studies and guidelines, policy, debates,
technical and methodological advances, and lessons from the field that
will advance and shape the emerging discipline of global mental
health.
• IJMHS is committed to promotion and protection of the human rights
of people with mental illness.
• It operates a single-blind peer-review system.
• ISSN: 1752-4458
12/10/2020 Sajan Ghimire 4

5. Journal Information
• Indexing services included are Citebase, DOAJ,Embase ,OAIster ,
PsycINFO , PubMed, PubMed Central , SCImago , Scopus , Social
Sciences, Citation Index , SOCOLAR , ​Zetoc.
• Editor-in-Chief
Harry Minas, University of Melbourne, Australia
• Deputy Editor
Gregory Armstrong, University of Melbourne. Australia
• Editorial Board
Charlotte Aberdein, HelpAge International, UK
Juvenal Aguilar, Ministry of Health, Bolivia
Peter Allebeck, Karolinska Institute, Sweden
Bridget Bassilios, University of Melbourne, Australia
Thierry Baubet, Paris 13 University, France
and 70 more.
12/10/2020 Sajan Ghimire 5

6. Critical Appraisal of Journal
Submission to acceptance 157 days
Acceptance to publication 9 days
Citation Impact:
2.193 - 2-year Impact Factor
2.479 - 5-year Impact Factor
1.402 - Source Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP)
0.965 - SCImago Journal Rank (SJR)
The Article Processing Charge for the journal is $2380.00.( Authors
can request a waiver or discount during the submission process.)
12/10/2020 Sajan Ghimire 6

7. Critical Appraisal of Journal
• Published the latest information related to mental health.
• Mainly focuses on mental health as the problems are being increasing
in current scenario.
• Gives the knowledge information regarding mental health and conduct
various research all over the world.
• It permanently accessible online immediately upon publication,
without subscription charges or registration barriers.
12/10/2020 Sajan Ghimire 7

8. Tittle of Article
• Knowledge, attitude, and practice towards mental illness service
provision and associated factors among health extension professionals
in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
12/10/2020 Sajan Ghimire 8

9. Critical Appraisal of Tittle
• The title gives an idea of the topic and of the study.
• The title is short and meaningful.
• The title indicates research question and objectives.
• The title gives an idea about study population and study area.
12/10/2020 Sajan Ghimire 9

10. Authors
• Eftu Ahmed (UNICEF, Nairobi, Kenya).
•Merga (Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Health,Jimma
University, Jimma, Ethiopia) and
•Fessahaye Alemseged (Department of Epidemiology, Institute of
Health,Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia)
12/10/2020 Sajan Ghimire 10

11. Critical Appraisal of Authors
The name of authors are well mentioned.
The authors information and credentials are also well mentioned.
The article is within the author’s speciality area.
The author’s current positions , past experienced and area of expertise
are mentioned.
12/10/2020 Sajan Ghimire 11

12. Abstract
12/10/2020 Sajan Ghimire 12

13. Critical Appraisal of Abstract
• Gives a shortcut review of the whole article.
• Includes the key terms and Helps in quick decision.
• Abstract is short and informative.
• The information in abstract matches with the information in the
detailed text.
• Helps in understanding and quick decision.
12/10/2020 Sajan Ghimire 13

14. Introduction
• Mental Health
World Health Organization (WHO), is a state of well-being in which
every individual realizes his or her own potential, can cope with the
normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is
able to make a contribution to her or his community.
• Knowledge
In this study knowledge refers to the understanding of mental illness,
which includes causes, its symptom(manifestation), treatment,
management and risk factor.
12/10/2020 Sajan Ghimire 14

15. Introduction
• Attitude
In this study attitude encompasses opinion or perceptions, threat,
susceptibility and seriousness that the study participants may have
towards mental illness and providing service to person with mental
illness.
• Practice
In this study it refers to actions based on knowledge and attitude of
the participants in providing mental illness service (diagnosis, referral
and counseling) to the community.
12/10/2020 Sajan Ghimire 15

16. Critical Appraisal of Introduction
• It provides the basic information of mental health.
• Provides the shortcut information regarding knowledge attitude and
practices.
• It provide the relevant knowledge regarding mental illness its causes,
factors, and many more.
• The introduction is based upon existing literature review.
• The introduction is well informative and meaningful.
12/10/2020 Sajan Ghimire 16

17. Materials and methods
Study Period : October 2017 to December 2017.
Setting Place: Conducted in Addis Ababa City in five selected sub
cities (Kolfe Keranio, Arada, Addis Ketema, Yeka, and Bole).
Population Study design : Institutional based cross sectional study.
Sampling Method : multistage sampling technique was implemented
to select the desired sample and lottery method was used.
12/10/2020 Sajan Ghimire 17

18. Materials and methods
Sample Size : 506 (The sample size was calculated by double
population proportion formula).
Study Tools: Structured and pretested self-administered
questionnaire.
Software Used: Epi-info7.2, SPSS version 20.
12/10/2020 Sajan Ghimire 18

19. Critical Appraisal of Materials and Methods
• The time period of the study is clearly mentioned.
• The study design is appropriate and matches with the study objectives.
• Proper sampling technique is applied.
• The data collection tool was developed and adapted after a thorough
review of relevant literature.
• The study variables were well defined and logically presented in this
article.
12/10/2020 Sajan Ghimire 19

20. Critical Appraisal of Materials and Methods
• The data entry and analysis tools were well explained.
• The well structured survey questionnaire was used for data collection.
• Ethical guidelines for involving human subjects were maintained as
per Helsinki declaration.
12/10/2020 Sajan Ghimire 20

21. Results
• Out of 506 sample size calculated, a total of 455 participants
participated in the study giving a response rate of 89.9%.
• Among the study participants, only 21 (4.6%) had a family history of
mental illness while 377 (82.9%), and 57(12.5%) hadn`t and did not
know if there was a history of mental illness within their families
respectively.
• From the study participants, 8 (1.8%) had a personal history of mental
illness and 340 (74.7%), and 107 (23.5%) did not have and did not
know if they had a personal history of mental illness respectively.
12/10/2020 Sajan Ghimire 21

22. Results
• Among the study participants 200 (44.0%) had adequate knowledge
regarding mental illness.
• Stress 435 (38.1%), drug/substance abuse 337 (29.5%), weak nerves
142 (12.4%), and brain chemistry 141 (12.3%); Being lonely 356
(17.6%),extreme mood changes 340 (16.8%), and suicidal 316(15.7%)
were the response of the study.
• More than three-fourth of the UHEPs, 78.5%, did not have a favorable
attitude towards mental illness.
12/10/2020 Sajan Ghimire 22

23. Results
• Among 455 study participants, only 62 (13.6%) were trained during
the 3 months training of their being urban health extension
professional;
• while the majority, 311(68.4%) didn’t know whether they have been
trained on mental illness during this time.
• Almost all, 433 (95.2%) of the study participants were not provided
in-service training on mental illness since they have started working as
urban health extension.
12/10/2020 Sajan Ghimire 23

24. Results
• About 98% of the study participants were providing awareness
creation of mental illness to families, individuals, and groups, while
10.8% of them were diagnosing mental illness.
12/10/2020 Sajan Ghimire 24

25. Critical Appraisal of Results
• Results are self explanatory.
• Results are based on the objective of the study.
• Results are consistent with previous studies.
• Results are represented visually in tables and graphs.
• The result shows both the descriptive and inferential statistics.
• The alignment of the figure and table are done properly.
• The participants number is quiet high.
12/10/2020 Sajan Ghimire 25

26. Discussion
• This study focused on assessing knowledge, attitude, practice and
factors associated with the mental illness service provision among
urban health extension professionals.
• According to this study, 44.0% of the study participants had adequate
knowledge.
• Among the study participants involved in this study only 21.5% had a
favorable attitude towards mental illness.
• Regarding practicing mental health service provision, about 91% of
the study participants were referring the patients with manifestation of
12/10/2020 Sajan Ghimire 26

27. Discussion
• -mental illness, and larger proportion of UHEPs, 85.3% were
providing counseling to the clients and their families.
• As compared to countries like Jimma Zone, 89%, and Chitwan,
Nepal, 70% Ethiopia (addis ababa 50%) have less knowledge
regarding mental illness whereas compared to Kenya 34.2% have
more than it.
• As compared on attitudes Chitwan,Nepal, 76.5% ,have more than
Ethiopia (Addis Ababa 44.2%) whereas Nigeria, 43.2% , and Kenya,
29.4% , have less percentage.
12/10/2020 Sajan Ghimire 27

28. Critical Appraisal of Discussion
• The discussion was relevant and outline the result of the article.
• The result have adequate explanation with proper rationale.
• No limitation were found on the discussion.
12/10/2020 Sajan Ghimire 28

29. Conclusion
• Conclusion:
The study found out that more than half urban health extension
professionals’ knowledge towards mental illness appear to be
inadequate.
• Recommendations:
The key recommendation of mhGap in Ethiopia is to provide training
for non-mental health professionals to deliver care for people suffering
from mental illness.
12/10/2020 Sajan Ghimire 29

30. Critical Appraisal of Conclusion
• The conclusion is believable and meaningful.
• It clearly explain the main conclusions of the article, highlighting its
importance and relevance.
• It should provide more training to health professionals.
• Appropriate recommendation are provided.
12/10/2020 Sajan Ghimire 30

31. References
12/10/2020 Sajan Ghimire 31

32. References
12/10/2020 Sajan Ghimire 32

33. Critical Appraisal of References
• There are total 19 references in the article.
• References are easily accessible through internet.
• All references were cited within the text which are reliable.
• The references are done in Vancouver style.
• References are cited and maintained as per the guideline provided by
the journal.
12/10/2020 Sajan Ghimire 33

34. Strengths
• Gives more info regarding mental illness to health professionals
• Knows more about Knowledge, attitude and practice of UHEPs on
mental illness.
• All the key words are well defined and explained.
• Helps to conduct the program related to awareness, to individual,
families and helps to find out the percentage of diagnosing regarding
mental illness
12/10/2020 Sajan Ghimire 34

35. Weaknesses
• The possibility of recall bias that might have been introduced due to
some knowledge related questions were difficult to remember because
of time.
• Lack of published article on the subject to compare our finding with
specifically for the factors associated with the disease.
12/10/2020 Sajan Ghimire 35

36. Overall significance of the article
• The finding of the study are believable as the references to the
previous studies have also undertaken and considered.
• This article generates the evidence that the income, facilities,
satisfaction have the direct impact on mental illness.
• The new problem or cases of mental illness is increasing in a rapid
way.
12/10/2020 Sajan Ghimire 36

37. Overall significance of the article
• This article will definitely helps in the field of study of research
regarding to mental illness.
• The finding of this study can be applied to both the large and small
group of population.
12/10/2020 Sajan Ghimire 37

38. Contribution for my research
• My research title is ‘Knowledge, Beliefs and Attitude towards Mental
illness among the community people of Tanahun District.’
• Questionnaire in the study can be helpful for developing questionnaire
for my research.
• Literature review for writing research proposal.
• The references in the article can be studied.
12/10/2020 Sajan Ghimire 38

39. Thank You!
12/10/2020 Sajan Ghimire 39