2. Cell Theory says that….
1. All living things are made of
Cells.
2. Cells are the basic units of
structure and function in all
living things.
3. New cells are only made from
existing cells.
4. These are two distinct types of cells
with STRUCTURAL differences.
Prokaryotes
Bacteria
Eukaryotes
Animal Plant
5. Traits of Prokaryotes:
1. They do not have a nucleus, and their
genetic material is not stored in the
nucleus.
2. They have some organelles( structures),
but not many.
3. They are less complicated that
eukaryotes.
4. All bacteria are prokaryotes.
5. Most are unicellular, but some
prokaryotes are multicellular.
6. Traits of Eukaryotes:
1. They all have a nucleus where
the genetic material of the
cell is stored.
2. They have many organelles
that work together to help the
cell function.
7. More traits of Eukaryotes:
3. Eukaryotic cells are much more
complex then prokaryotic cells.
4. They can be just one cell or can
make up more complex multi-
cellular organisms.
5. All plants, animals, fungi, and
protists are eukaryotic cells.
8. Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
In general microbes or microorganisms may
be either prokaryotic (bacteria) or eukaryotic
(protists, fungi, and some animals).
9. Characteristics Prokaryotic Eukaryotic
Types bacteria (monerans) protists, fungi, plants, and
animals
Organization unicellular usually multicellular
(exception some protists)
Cell size small (0.1-10um) larger (10-100um)
Membrane-bound
organelles
absent present
Reproduction asexual asexual and sexual
DNA circular linear
Proteins assoc. with
DNA
Basic Histone
Plasma membrane No sterols Sterols
Ribosomes 70S 80S
Cytoskeleton Absent Present
Prokaryotes differ from eukaryotes in several ways including but not limited to:
10. Organelles in Common
Both cells contain the following
structures:
1. Cell wall
2. Cell Membrane
3. Ribosomes
4. Plasma Membrane
5. Cytoplasm
6. Flagella or cilia
7. Nucleus
8. Mitochondria
9. Vacuoles
11. Cell Wall – The Walls
*In a plant cell, the cell wall supports and protects the cell.
Cell walls are rigid and unbending.
They help a plant cell support itself.
An animal cell does not have a cell
Wall.
12. Cell Membrane
Cell membrane
Structure
Components
Arrangement
Functions include
Barrier
Transport (know diffusion, osmosis,
facilitated diffusion and active
transport)
Recognition (e.g., self vs. non-self)
Reception (for protein hormones)
Adhesion
13. Ribosomes
Structure
rRNA
Proteins
Function
Site of protein formation
(translation)
Found in both prokaryotes
and eukaryotes (different
structurally)
14. Cytoplasm – The Jelly in the
center
The cytoplasm in the cell is jelly-like
liquid that fills all the empty space in
a cell.
15. The protoplasm or
cytoplasm
is the dense gelatinous
solution within the cell
membrane that is the
primary site for the cell’s
biochemical and synthetic
processes. The following
are found within the
protoplasm of the
prokaryotic cell:
17. Genetic Material (DNA)
The genetic material (DNA) is stored in
the nucleus and holds information a
cell needs to reproduce itself.
18. Nucleus
Structure and
Function
membrane similar
to cell membrane
(similar function)
Nucleolus
(formation of
ribosomes)
Chromosomes
(gene expression)
Nucleoplasm
(matrix)
19. Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Structure membranous
system of tunnels and sacs
– Rough – with ribosomes on
surface
– Smooth- no ribosomes on
surface
• Function
– Rough – protein synthesis
– Smooth- lipid synthesis
20. Golgi Apparatus
Structure also membranous, kind of like a stack of
pancakes
Function processing of lipids and proteins
