The document discusses configuring and managing user profile synchronization in SharePoint Server 2010. It provides background on the evolution of Microsoft identity management solutions, from Zoomit Via and Microsoft Metadirectory Services to the current Forefront Identity Manager. It then outlines the key components of the user profile subsystem in SharePoint 2010 and provides recommendations for configuring the user profile synchronization process, including to not use the same account for the sync service and operations, to validate Active Directory permissions, and to have patience during setup.