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Ma trận đặc biệt và gói lệnh
bigdelim.sty
Nguyễn Hữu Điển
Khoa Toán - Cơ - Tin học
ĐHKHTN Hà Nội, ĐHQGHN
1 Loại ma trận góc dưới tam giác
begin{equation*}
{mathbf B} = { b_{ij} }_{i,j=1,dots,n} = left(%
begin{array}{cccccc}
ast & ast & ast & ldots & ast & ast 
ast & ast & ast & ldots & ast & ast 
& ast & ast & ldots & ast & ast 
& &ddots& ddots & vdots & vdots
& text{huge{0}} & &ddots & ast & ast 
& & & & ast & ast 
end{array}%
right)
end{equation*}
B = {bij}i,j=1,...,n =
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∗ ∗ ∗ . . . ∗ ∗
∗ ∗ ∗ . . . ∗ ∗
∗ ∗ . . . ∗ ∗
...
...
...
...
0 ... ∗ ∗
∗ ∗

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begin{equation*}
{mathbf B}= left(%
begin{array}{ccccccccccc}
ast && ast && ast && ldots && ast && ast 
&ddots & && && && && 
ast && ast && ast && ldots && ast && ast 
&ddots& &ddots&&& && && 
&& ast && ast && ldots && ast && ast 
1
http://nhdien.wordpress.com - Nguyễn Hữu Điển 2
&& &ddots& &ddots& && && 
&& && && && vdots && vdots
&& && &ddots& &ddots& && 
&& text{huge{0}} && &&ddots && ast && ast 
&& && && &ddots& &ddots& 
&& && && && ast && ast
end{array}%
right)
end{equation*}
B =
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



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







∗ ∗ ∗ . . . ∗ ∗
...
∗ ∗ ∗ . . . ∗ ∗
...
...
∗ ∗ . . . ∗ ∗
...
...
...
...
...
...
0 ... ∗ ∗
...
...
∗ ∗
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newcommand{BigFig}[1]{parbox{12pt}{Huge #1}}
newcommand{BigZero}{BigFig{0}}
$$
boldsymbol{A}=begin{pmatrix}
a_{11}& 
vdots& BigZero 
a_{1n}&
end{pmatrix},quad
boldsymbol{B}=begin{pmatrix}
0cdots 0& 1 & 0cdots 0
& 0 & 
BigZero & vdots & BigZero
& 0 &
end{pmatrix}
$$
http://nhdien.wordpress.com - Nguyễn Hữu Điển 3
A =
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a11
...
0a1n


 , B =
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0 · · · 0 1 0 · · · 0
0
0
...
00

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$$
boldsymbol{C}=
left( hspace{-arraycolsep}
begin{array}{cccc}
a&b & &
c&d &multicolumn{2}{c}{raisebox{1.5ex}[0pt]{BigZero}}
& &e&f
multicolumn{2}{c}{raisebox{1.5ex}[0pt]{BigZero}} & g &h 
end{array}
right)
$$
C =
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a b
c d 0
e f
0 g h
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2 Ma trận khối
$$
W = left(
begin{array}{c:c}
begin{matrix}
S_n & U_n 
V_n & S_n^mathrm{,t}
end{matrix} & text{Large{:0}} 
hdashline %
text{rule{0pt}{17pt}Large{0}} & textit{Large{I}}
end{array}
right)
$$
W =
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Sn Un
Vn S t
n
0
0 I
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http://nhdien.wordpress.com - Nguyễn Hữu Điển 4
$$
left(
begin{array}{ccc:c}
&&&b
&mbox{smash{hugetextit{A}}}&&c
&&&d hdashline
e&f&g&h
end{array}
right)
$$
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b
A c
d
e f g h
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$$
left(
begin{array}{cccc|c}
&&&&b
&&&&c
&mbox{smash{Huge $A$}}&&&d
&&&&e hline
f&g&h&i&j
end{array}
right)
$$
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b
c
A d
e
f g h i j
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$$
arraycolsep5pt
left(
begin{array}{@{,}c|cccc@{,}}
a_{11}&a_{12}&a_{13}&a_{14}&a_{15}
hline
a_{21}&&&&
a_{31}&multicolumn{4}{c}{raisebox{-10pt}[0pt][0pt]{Huge $A$}}
a_{41}&&&&
a_{51}&&&&
end{array}
http://nhdien.wordpress.com - Nguyễn Hữu Điển 5
right)
$$
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a11 a12 a13 a14 a15
a21
a31
Aa41
a51
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defhsymb#1{mbox{strutrlap{smash{Huge$#1$}}quad}}
defhsymbu#1{smash{lower1.8exhbox{scalebox{4}{$#1$}}}}
begin{align*}
boldsymbol{A}
&=left(
begin{array}{ccccc}
1&a_{12}&a_{13}&a_{14}&a_{15}
1&a_{22}&a_{23}&a_{24}&a_{25}
1&a_{32}&a_{33}&a_{34}&a_{35}
1&a_{42}&a_{43}&a_{44}&a_{45}
1&a_{52}&a_{53}&a_{54}&a_{55}
end{array}
right)
&=left(
begin{array}{ccccc}
&a_{12}&a_{13}&a_{14}&a_{15}
&a_{22}&a_{23}&a_{24}&a_{25}
hsymbu{1}&a_{32}&a_{33}&a_{34}&a_{35}
&a_{42}&a_{43}&a_{44}&a_{45}
&a_{52}&a_{53}&a_{54}&a_{55}
end{array}
right)
end{align*}
$mathbf{1}=(1,1,1,1,1)’$
A =
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1 a12 a13 a14 a15
1 a22 a23 a24 a25
1 a32 a33 a34 a35
1 a42 a43 a44 a45
1 a52 a53 a54 a55
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=
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a12 a13 a14 a15
a22 a23 a24 a25
1 a32 a33 a34 a35
a42 a43 a44 a45
a52 a53 a54 a55
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http://nhdien.wordpress.com - Nguyễn Hữu Điển 6
1 = (1, 1, 1, 1, 1)
defhsymbu#1{smash{lower1.7exhbox{huge$#1$}}}
defhsymb#1{mbox{strutrlap{smash{Huge$#1$}}quad}}
$$
left(
begin{array}{c@{}c@{}c}
begin{array}{|cc|}
hline
a_{11} & a_{12}
a_{21} & a_{22}
hline
end{array}
& hsymb{0} & hsymb{0} 
hsymbu{0} &
begin{array}{|ccc|}
hline
b_{11} & b_{12} & b_{13}
b_{21} & b_{22} & b_{23}
b_{31} & b_{32} & b_{33}
hline
end{array}
& hsymbu{0} 
hsymbu{0} & hsymbu{0} &
begin{array}{|cc|}
hline
c_{11} & c_{12}
c_{21} & c_{22}
hline
end{array} 
end{array}
right)
$$
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a11 a12
a21 a22
0 0
0
b11 b12 b13
b21 b22 b23
b31 b32 b33
0
0 0
c11 c12
c21 c22

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begin{equation*}
{boldsymbol{mathcal{H}}}_k =
left[
http://nhdien.wordpress.com - Nguyễn Hữu Điển 7
hspace{3pt}
begin{array}{ccccc}
cdashline{1-3}
multicolumn{1}{:c}{h_{k,1,0}(n)} & {h_{k,1,1}(n)}
&multicolumn{1}{c:}{h_{k,1,2}(n)} & {0} & {0}
multicolumn{1}{:c}{h_{k,2,0}(n)} & {h_{k,2,1}(n)}
&multicolumn{1}{c:}{h_{k,2,2}(n)} & {0} & {0}
multicolumn{1}{:c}{h_{k,3,0}(n)} & {h_{k,3,1}(n)}
&multicolumn{1}{c:}{h_{k,3,2}(n)} & {0} & {0}
multicolumn{1}{:c}{h_{k,4,0}(n)} & {h_{k,4,1}(n)}
&multicolumn{1}{c:}{h_{k,4,2}(n)} & {0} & {0}
cdashline{1-4}
{0} & multicolumn{1}{:c}{h_{k,1,0}(n-1)} & {h_{k,1,1}(n-1)}
&multicolumn{1}{c:}{h_{k,1,2}(n-1)} & {0}
{0} & multicolumn{1}{:c}{h_{k,2,0}(n-1)} & {h_{k,2,1}(n-1)}
&multicolumn{1}{c:}{h_{k,2,2}(n-1)} & {0}
{0} & multicolumn{1}{:c}{h_{k,3,0}(n-1)} & {h_{k,3,1}(n-1)}
&multicolumn{1}{c:}{h_{k,3,2}(n-1)} & {0}
{0} & multicolumn{1}{:c}{h_{k,4,0}(n-1)} & {h_{k,4,1}(n-1)}
&multicolumn{1}{c:}{h_{k,4,2}(n-1)} & {0}
cdashline{2-5}
{0} & {0} & multicolumn{1}{:c}{h_{k,1,0}(n-2)}
& {h_{k,1,1}(n-2)}& multicolumn{1}{c:}{h_{k,1,2}(n-2)}
{0} & {0} & multicolumn{1}{:c}{h_{k,2,0}(n-2)}
& {h_{k,2,1}(n-2)}& multicolumn{1}{c:}{h_{k,2,2}(n-2)}
{0} & {0} & multicolumn{1}{:c}{h_{k,3,0}(n-2)}
& {h_{k,3,1}(n-2)}& multicolumn{1}{c:}{h_{k,3,2}(n-2)}
{0} & {0} & multicolumn{1}{:c}{h_{k,4,0}(n-2)}
& {h_{k,4,1}(n-2)}& multicolumn{1}{c:}{h_{k,4,2}(n-2)}
cdashline{3-5} 
end{array}
hspace{3pt}
right]_{12times 5}
end{equation*}
http://nhdien.wordpress.com - Nguyễn Hữu Điển 8
Hk =
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
hk,1,0(n) hk,1,1(n) hk,1,2(n) 0 0
hk,2,0(n) hk,2,1(n) hk,2,2(n) 0 0
hk,3,0(n) hk,3,1(n) hk,3,2(n) 0 0
hk,4,0(n) hk,4,1(n) hk,4,2(n) 0 0
0 hk,1,0(n − 1) hk,1,1(n − 1) hk,1,2(n − 1) 0
0 hk,2,0(n − 1) hk,2,1(n − 1) hk,2,2(n − 1) 0
0 hk,3,0(n − 1) hk,3,1(n − 1) hk,3,2(n − 1) 0
0 hk,4,0(n − 1) hk,4,1(n − 1) hk,4,2(n − 1) 0
0 0 hk,1,0(n − 2) hk,1,1(n − 2) hk,1,2(n − 2)
0 0 hk,2,0(n − 2) hk,2,1(n − 2) hk,2,2(n − 2)
0 0 hk,3,0(n − 2) hk,3,1(n − 2) hk,3,2(n − 2)
0 0 hk,4,0(n − 2) hk,4,1(n − 2) hk,4,2(n − 2)

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
12×5
$$
left[
begin{array}{c|c|cc}
a_{11} & a_{12} & cdots & a_{1n} 
vdots & vdots & ddots & vdots hline
a_{i1} & a_{i2} & cdots & a_{in} hline
vdots & vdots & ddots & vdots 
a_{n1} & a_{n2} & cdots & a_{nn} 
end{array}
right]
$$

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


a11 a12 · · · a1n
...
...
...
...
ai1 ai2 · · · ain
...
...
...
...
an1 an2 · · · ann

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
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
3 Ma trận dạng đường chéo
$$
boldsymbol{A}=left(
begin{array}{ccccc}
a&&&&
&b&&&hsymb{0}
&&ddots&
&&&ddots&
hsymb{*}&&&&c
http://nhdien.wordpress.com - Nguyễn Hữu Điển 9
end{array}
right)
$$
A =
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a
b 0...
...
∗ c

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
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defhsymbl#1{smash{hbox{huge$#1$}}}
defhsymbu#1{smash{lower1.7exhbox{huge$#1$}}}
$$
A=
begin{pmatrix}
2 & 1 & & & hsymbu{0} 
1 & 4 & ddots & & 
& ddots & ddots & ddots & 
& & ddots & 4 & 1 
hsymbl{0} & & & 1 & 2
end{pmatrix}
$$
A =

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
2 1
0
1 4
...
...
...
...
... 4 1
0 1 2









$$
B=
begin{pmatrix}
ddots & & ddots & hsymbu{0} 
& ddots & hsymbu{0} & ddots 
ddots & hsymbl{0} & ddots & 
hsymbl{0} & ddots & & ddots
end{pmatrix}
$$
http://nhdien.wordpress.com - Nguyễn Hữu Điển 10
B =








...
...
0...
0
...
... 0 ...
0 ...
...








Dùng với gói graphicx.sty
newcommandBpara[4]{%
begin{picture}(0,0)%
setlength{unitlength}{1pt}
put(#1,#2){rotatebox{#3}{raisebox{0mm}[0mm][0mm]{%
makebox[0mm]{$left. rule{0mm}{#4pt}right}$}}}}
end{picture}}
$$
begin{array}{ccccc}
a_{11} 
a_{12} & a_{22} 
a_{31} & a_{32} & a_{33}Bpara{0}{7}{61}{65} 
a_{41} & a_{42} & a_{43} & a_{44} 
a_{51} & a_{52} & a_{53}Bpara{-8}{-6}{-90}{58} & a_{54} &a_{55}
end{array}
$$
a11
a12 a22
a31 a32 a33



a41 a42 a43 a44
a51 a52 a53



a54 a55
newcommandSENB[4]{%
begin{picture}(0,0)%
setlength{unitlength}{1pt}
put(#1,#2){rotatebox{#3}{raisebox{-15pt}[0mm][0mm]{%
makebox[0mm]{rule{.5pt}{#4pt}}}}}
end{picture}}
$$
left(
begin{array}{ccccc}
hphantom{a_{11}} & a_{12} & a_{13} & a_{14} & a_{15} 
* & & a_{23} & a_{24} & a_{25} 
* & * && a_{35} & a_{35} 
* & * & * & & a_{45}
http://nhdien.wordpress.com - Nguyễn Hữu Điển 11
* & * & * & * & SENB{-8}{8}{67}{120}
end{array}
right)
$$

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a12 a13 a14 a15
∗ a23 a24 a25
∗ ∗ a35 a35
∗ ∗ ∗ a45
∗ ∗ ∗ ∗
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
$$
left(
begin{array}{ccccc}
& a_{12} & a_{13} & a_{14} & a_{15} 
a_{21} & & a_{23} & a_{24} & a_{25} 
a_{31} & a_{32} && a_{35} & a_{35} 
a_{41} & a_{42} & a_{43} & & a_{45} 
a_{51} & a_{52} & a_{53} & a_{54} & SENB{-8}{8}{67}{120}
end{array}
right)
$$


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


a12 a13 a14 a15
a21 a23 a24 a25
a31 a32 a35 a35
a41 a42 a43 a45
a51 a52 a53 a54






4 Chi tiết trong ma trận
1. Làm cột theo dấu chấm
$$
begin{Vmatrix}
begin{array}{rl}
269&1
11&92 
5&25
end{array}
end{Vmatrix}
begin{Vmatrix}
begin{array}{r@{.}l@{%}}
269&1
11&92
http://nhdien.wordpress.com - Nguyễn Hữu Điển 12
5&25
end{array}
end{Vmatrix}
begin{Vmatrix}
begin{array}{r@{.}lr@{.}lr@{.}l}
3649&37 & 69&25 & -20&09 
69&25 & 5&81 & 0&18 
-20&09 & 0&18 & 1&00
end{array}
end{Vmatrix}
$$
269 1
11 92
5 25
269.1 %
11.92%
5.25%
3649.37 69.25 −20.09
69.25 5.81 0.18
−20.09 0.18 1.00
2. Dấu biên bao quanh
$$
Delta(s_{13},s_2)=
left{
S=begin{pmatrix}
0 & 0 & s_{13}
0 & s_2 & s_{23}
s_{13} & s_{23}& s_3
end{pmatrix}
vert ; s_{23},s_3in Z
right}
$$
∆(s13, s2) =



S =


0 0 s13
0 s2 s23
s13 s23 s3

 | s23, s3 ∈ ZZ



begin{align*}
nabla times overrightarrow{F}
& = left|
begin{array}{ccc}
widehat{i} & widehat{j} & widehat{k} 
frac {partial }{partial x} & frac {partial }{partial y}
&frac{partial }{partial z} 
F_x & F_y & F_z
end{array}
right|

& = left( frac {partial F_z}{partial y}
http://nhdien.wordpress.com - Nguyễn Hữu Điển 13
- frac {partial F_y} {partial z} right) widehat{i}
+ left( frac{partial F_x} {partial z}
-frac {partial F_z} {partial x} right) widehat{j}
+left( frac {partial F_y} {partial x}
- frac {partial F_x} {partial y} right) widehat{k}
end{align*}
×
−→
F =
i j k
∂
∂x
∂
∂y
∂
∂z
Fx Fy Fz
=
∂Fz
∂y
−
∂Fy
∂z
i +
∂Fx
∂z
−
∂Fz
∂x
j +
∂Fy
∂x
−
∂Fx
∂y
k
5 Các móc biên
1. Tính toán trên dòng
begin{alignat*}{2}
&
begin{pmatrix}
 1 & 2 & 1 &vdots & 1 & 0 & 0  [-3pt]
 2 & 1 & 1 &vdots & 0 & 1 & 0  [-3pt]
 1 & 1 & 1 &vdots & 0 & 0 & 1 
end{pmatrix}
&
qquad
&
left{
begin{array}{l}
(1)[5pt]
(2)[5pt]
(3)
end{array}
right. 
intertext{Cần tính}
&
begin{pmatrix}
 1 & 2 & 1 &vdots & 1 & 0 & 0  [-3pt]
 0 &-3 &-1 &vdots &-2 & 1 & 0  [-3pt]
 1 &-1 & 1 &vdots &-1 & 0 & 1 
end{pmatrix}
&
qquad
&
http://nhdien.wordpress.com - Nguyễn Hữu Điển 14
left{
begin{array}{l}
(1)[5pt]
(2)=(2)-2times (1)[5pt]
(3)=(3)-(1)
end{array}
right.
end{alignat*}




1 2 1
... 1 0 0
2 1 1
... 0 1 0
1 1 1
... 0 0 1







(1)
(2)
(3)
Cần tính




1 2 1
... 1 0 0
0 −3 −1
... −2 1 0
1 −1 1
... −1 0 1







(1)
(2) = (2) − 2 × (1)
(3) = (3) − (1)
2. Dùng overbrace trên ma trận
begin{equation}
mathbf{A}
=left{a_{pq}right}
=begin{array}{c}
overbrace{hspace{4.75cm}}^{L_B=0,1,2ldots,4}
left(begin{array}{ccccc}
a_{00} & a_{01} & a_{02} & a_{03} & a_{04} 
a_{10} & a_{11} & a_{12} & a_{13} & a_{14} 
a_{20} & a_{21} & a_{22} & a_{23} & a_{24} 
a_{30} & a_{31} & a_{32} & a_{33} & a_{34} 
a_{40} & a_{41} & a_{42} & a_{43} & a_{44}
end{array}
right)
end{array}
end{equation}
A = {apq} =
LB=0,1,2...,4






a00 a01 a02 a03 a04
a10 a11 a12 a13 a14
a20 a21 a22 a23 a24
a30 a31 a32 a33 a34
a40 a41 a42 a43 a44






(1)
http://nhdien.wordpress.com - Nguyễn Hữu Điển 15
begin{equation}
underbrace{
begin{pmatrix}
tilde{C}_{11} & cdots &tilde{C}_{1n} &1
vdots & ddots & vdots &vdots
tilde{C}_{n1} & cdots &tilde{C}_{nn} &1
1 & cdots & 1 & 0
end{pmatrix}}_{(n+1)times(n+1)}
end{equation}





˜C11 · · · ˜C1n 1
...
...
...
...
˜Cn1 · · · ˜Cnn 1
1 · · · 1 0





(n+1)×(n+1)
(2)
3. Dùng gói lệnh bigdelim.sty multirow.sty
$$
begin{array}{rrcccccl}
&&multicolumn{5}{c}{overbrace{hspace{3.5em}}^{3} 
overbrace{hspace{2.5em}}^{2}}& 
ldelim{{2}{14pt}[2]&
ldelim({4}{14pt}[] &1 &2 &3 &4 &5 &rdelim){4}{14pt}[] 
& &1 &0 &0 &0 &0 & 
ldelim{{2}{14pt}[2]& &0 &1 &0 &0 &0 & 
& &0 &0 &1 &0 &0 &
end{array}
$$
3 2
2




1 2 3 4 5




1 0 0 0 0
2
0 1 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 0
6 Cột và hàng ngoài ma trận
1. dùng gói lệnh blkarray.sty ngoài matrân bên phải và dưới
newcommandbigstrutht{vrule width0pt height 12pt depth0ptrelax}
newcommandbigstrutdp{vrule width0pt height 0pt depth5ptrelax}
$$
http://nhdien.wordpress.com - Nguyễn Hữu Điển 16
begin{blockarray}{*{4}{c}}
begin{block}{[ccc]c}
bigstrutht 1-lambda x & 0 & 0 & ell_1 
0 & 1-lambda x & 0 & ell_2 
bigstrutdp 0 & 0 & 1-lambda x & ell_3 
end{block}
c_1 & c_2 & c_3
end{blockarray}
$$




1 − λx 0 0 1
0 1 − λx 0 2
0 0 1 − λx 3
c1 c2 c3
2. Kẻ trong và cột ngoài
$$
begin{array}{crcc|cl}
& &e &multicolumn{1}{c}{f}&g &
a&ldelim[{4}{5pt}[]&x &x &x &rdelim]{4}{5pt}[]
b& &x &x &x &
& &cdots&cdots &cdots&
c& &x &x &x &
end{array}
$$
e f g
a




x x x




b x x x
· · · · · · · · ·
c x x x
$$
begin{blockarray}{ccccc}
& e & f & &g 
begin{block}{c[cccc]}
a & x & x & vert & x 
b & x & x & vert & x 
& cdots & cdots & cdots & cdots 
c & x & x & vert & x 
end{block}
end{blockarray}
$$
http://nhdien.wordpress.com - Nguyễn Hữu Điển 17
e f g






a x x | x
b x x | x
· · · · · · · · · · · ·
c x x | x
$$
bordermatrix{
&e&f&&gcr
a&x&x&vert&xcr
b&x&x&vert&xcr
&cdots&cdots&cdots&cdotscr
c&x&x&vert&xcr
}
$$




e f g
a x x | x
b x x | x
· · · · · · · · · · · ·
c x x | x




$$
begin{array}{c@{}cc}
& begin{array}{ccc}e & f & gend{array}
begin{array}{c}abcend{array} &
left[begin{array}{cc|c}
x & x & x
x & x & x
hdotsfor{3}
x & x & x
end{array}right]
end{array}
$$
e f g
a
b
c




x x x
x x x
. . . . . . . .
x x x




3. Dùng bigdelim.sty
http://nhdien.wordpress.com - Nguyễn Hữu Điển 18
$$
begin{array}{rrcccll}
& &1&2&3& & 
1&ldelim({3}{3mm}[] &a&b&c& rdelim){3}{3mm}[]&1
2& &d&e&f& &2
3& &g&h&i& &3
& &1&2&3& & 
end{array}
$$
1 2 3
1


a b c


1
2 d e f 2
3 g h i 3
1 2 3
$$
begin{array}{rrcccll}
& &1&2&3& & 
1&ldelim[{3}{3mm}[] &a&b&c& rdelim]{3}{3mm}[]&1
2& &d&e&f& &2
3& &g&h&i& &3
& &1&2&3& & 
end{array}
$$
1 2 3
1


a b c


1
2 d e f 2
3 g h i 3
1 2 3
$$
begin{array}{rrcccll}
& &1&2&3& & 
1&ldelim{{3}{3mm}[] &a&b&c& rdelim}{3}{3mm}[]&1
2& &d&e&f& &2
3& &g&h&i& &3
& &1&2&3& & 
end{array}
$$
http://nhdien.wordpress.com - Nguyễn Hữu Điển 19
1 2 3
1



a b c



1
2 d e f 2
3 g h i 3
1 2 3
4. Ma trận và gói lệnh graphicx.sty
defrb#1{rotatebox{90}{$xleftarrow{#1}$}}
begin{tabular}{c}
$begin{matrix}
rb{text1}&rb{text1}&rb{text1}&rb{text1}
end{matrix}$
$begin{bmatrix}
X_x & Y_x & Z_x & T_x 
X_y & Y_y & Z_y & T_y 
X_z & Y_z & Z_z & T_z 
0 & 0 & 0 & 1
end{bmatrix}$
end{tabular}
text1
←−−−
text1
←−−−
text1
←−−−
text1
←−−−




Xx Yx Zx Tx
Xy Yy Zy Ty
Xz Yz Zz Tz
0 0 0 1




5. Một phần tử là khối
$$
begin{pmatrix}
x & x & x & x
x & x & x & x
x & x & x & x
begin{matrix}x + y + {}[-2pt] z + a end{matrix}
& x & x & x
end{pmatrix}
$$





x x x x
x x x x
x x x x
x + y +
z + a x x x





http://nhdien.wordpress.com - Nguyễn Hữu Điển 20
$$
begin{pmatrix}
x & x & x & x
x & x & x & x
x & x & x & x
begin{matrix}x + y +  z + a end{matrix}
& x & x & x
end{pmatrix}
$$






x x x x
x x x x
x x x x
x + y+
z + a
x x x






7 Định nghĩa Matrix mới
$
bordermatrix{
& a & a & a cr
a & a & b & c cr
a & x & y & z
}
$
hfill
$
bordermatrix[{[]}]{
& 1 & 2 & 3 cr
1 & a & b & c cr
2 & x & y & z
}
$
hfill
$
bordermatrix[{}]{
& 1 & 2 & 3 cr
1 & a & b & c cr
2 & x & y & z
}
$
a a a
a a b c
a x y z
1 2 3
1 a b c
2 x y z
1 2 3
1 a b c
2 x y z
http://nhdien.wordpress.com - Nguyễn Hữu Điển 21
$
bordermatrix*{
a & b & c & 1cr
x & y & z & 2cr
1 & 2 & 3 &
}
$
hfill
$
bordermatrix*[{[]}]{
a & b & c & 1cr
x & y & z & 2cr
1 & 2 & 3 &
}
$
hfill
$
bordermatrix*[{}]{
a & b & c & 1cr
x & y & z & 2cr
1 & 2 & 3 &
}
$
a b c 1
x y z 2
1 2 3
a b c 1
x y z 2
1 2 3
a b c 1
x y z 2
1 2 3
8 Hệ phương trình
$$
bordermatrix{ & A_1 & A_2 & cdots & A_n cr
C_1 & w_1 & w_2 & ldots & w_1 cr
C_2 & w_2 & w_2 & ldots & w_2 cr
vdots & vdots & vdots & ddots & vdots cr
C_n & w_n & w_n & ldots & w_n cr
}
bordermatrix{ & cr
&w_1 cr
&w_2 cr
&vdots cr
&w_n cr
}
=n
bordermatrix{ & cr
http://nhdien.wordpress.com - Nguyễn Hữu Điển 22
&w_1 cr
&w_2 cr
&vdots cr
&w_n cr
}
$$
$$
bordermatrix{ &A_1 & A_2 & ldots & A_3 cr
&w1/w1 & w1/w1 & ldots & w1/w1cr
&w2 & w2 & ldots & w2cr
&vdots & vdots & vdots & vdots cr
&w3 & w3 & ldots & w3 cr
}
$$





A1 A2 · · · An
C1 w1 w2 . . . w1
C2 w2 w2 . . . w2
...
...
...
...
...
Cn wn wn . . . wn










w1
w2
...
wn





= n





w1
w2
...
wn









A1 A2 . . . A3
w1/w1 w1/w1 . . . w1/w1
w2 w2 . . . w2
...
...
...
...
w3 w3 . . . w3




9 Chú thích bên phải
$$
begin{array}{rcccccll}
ldelim({7}{4mm}[] & x_{11} & x_{12} & dots & x_{1p}
&rdelim){7}{4mm}[]& rdelim}{4}{3.25cm}[some text]
&x_{21} & x_{22} & dots & x_{2p} &&
& &vdots && &&
&x_{n_1 1}& x_{n_1 2} & dots & x_{n_1 p}&&
&x_{n_1+1,1}&x_{n_1+1,2} & dots
& x_{n_1+1, p} &&rdelim}{3}{3.25cm}[some more text]
& &vdots && &&
&x_{n_1+n_2, 1} & x_{n_1+n_2,2} & dots & x_{n_1+n_2,p}&&
end{array}
$$
http://nhdien.wordpress.com - Nguyễn Hữu Điển 23










x11 x12 . . . x1p













some text
x21 x22 . . . x2p
...
xn11 xn12 . . . xn1p
xn1+1,1 xn1+1,2 . . . xn1+1,p



some more text...
xn1+n2,1 xn1+n2,2 . . . xn1+n2,p
$$
left(
begin{array}{ccccc}
x_{11} & x_{12} & dots & x_{1p} 
x_{21} & x_{22} & dots & x_{2p} 
&vdots && 
x_{n_1 1}& x_{n_1 2} & dots & x_{n_1 p}
x_{n_1+1,1}&x_{n_1+1,2} & dots & x_{n_1+1, p}
&vdots && 
x_{n_1+n_2, 1} & x_{n_1+n_2,2} & dots & x_{n_1+n_2,p}
end{array}
right)
$$












x11 x12 . . . x1p
x21 x22 . . . x2p
...
xn11 xn12 . . . xn1p
xn1+1,1 xn1+1,2 . . . xn1+1,p
...
xn1+n2,1 xn1+n2,2 . . . xn1+n2,p












begin{equation*}
begin{pmatrix}
01&02&03&04&05&06&07&08&09&10&11&12&13&14
01&02&03&hdotsfor{7}&11&12&13&14
end{pmatrix}
end{equation*}
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14
01 02 03 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 12 13 14
begin{equation*}
begin{pmatrix}
http://nhdien.wordpress.com - Nguyễn Hữu Điển 24
01&02 &03&04&05&06&07&08&09&10&11&12&13&14
02&02 &03&04&05&06&07&08&09&10&11&12&13&14
03&ldots &03&04&05&06&07&08&09&10&11&12&13&14
04&hdotsfor{2} &04&05&06&07&08&09&10&11&12&13&14
05&hdotsfor{3} &05&06&07&08&09&10&11&12&13&14
06&hdotsfor{4} &06&07&08&09&10&11&12&13&14
07&hdotsfor{5} &07&08&09&10&11&12&13&14
08&hdotsfor{6} &08&09&10&11&12&13&14
09&hdotsfor{7} &09&10&11&12&13&14
10&hdotsfor{8} &10&11&12&13&14
11&hdotsfor{9} &11&12&13&14
12&hdotsfor{10}&12&13&14
13&hdotsfor{11}&13&14
14&hdotsfor{12}&14
end{pmatrix}
end{equation*}
























01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14
02 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14
03 . . . 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14
04 . . . . . . . 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14
05 . . . . . . . . . . . . 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14
06 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14
07 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14
08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 08 09 10 11 12 13 14
09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 09 10 11 12 13 14
10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 11 12 13 14
11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 12 13 14
12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 13 14
13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 14
14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

























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Bigdelim help

  • 1. Ma trận đặc biệt và gói lệnh bigdelim.sty Nguyễn Hữu Điển Khoa Toán - Cơ - Tin học ĐHKHTN Hà Nội, ĐHQGHN 1 Loại ma trận góc dưới tam giác begin{equation*} {mathbf B} = { b_{ij} }_{i,j=1,dots,n} = left(% begin{array}{cccccc} ast & ast & ast & ldots & ast & ast ast & ast & ast & ldots & ast & ast & ast & ast & ldots & ast & ast & &ddots& ddots & vdots & vdots & text{huge{0}} & &ddots & ast & ast & & & & ast & ast end{array}% right) end{equation*} B = {bij}i,j=1,...,n =           ∗ ∗ ∗ . . . ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ . . . ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ . . . ∗ ∗ ... ... ... ... 0 ... ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗           begin{equation*} {mathbf B}= left(% begin{array}{ccccccccccc} ast && ast && ast && ldots && ast && ast &ddots & && && && && ast && ast && ast && ldots && ast && ast &ddots& &ddots&&& && && && ast && ast && ldots && ast && ast 1
  • 2. http://nhdien.wordpress.com - Nguyễn Hữu Điển 2 && &ddots& &ddots& && && && && && && vdots && vdots && && &ddots& &ddots& && && text{huge{0}} && &&ddots && ast && ast && && && &ddots& &ddots& && && && && ast && ast end{array}% right) end{equation*} B =                          ∗ ∗ ∗ . . . ∗ ∗ ... ∗ ∗ ∗ . . . ∗ ∗ ... ... ∗ ∗ . . . ∗ ∗ ... ... ... ... ... ... 0 ... ∗ ∗ ... ... ∗ ∗                          newcommand{BigFig}[1]{parbox{12pt}{Huge #1}} newcommand{BigZero}{BigFig{0}} $$ boldsymbol{A}=begin{pmatrix} a_{11}& vdots& BigZero a_{1n}& end{pmatrix},quad boldsymbol{B}=begin{pmatrix} 0cdots 0& 1 & 0cdots 0 & 0 & BigZero & vdots & BigZero & 0 & end{pmatrix} $$
  • 3. http://nhdien.wordpress.com - Nguyễn Hữu Điển 3 A =    a11 ... 0a1n    , B =      0 · · · 0 1 0 · · · 0 0 0 ... 00      $$ boldsymbol{C}= left( hspace{-arraycolsep} begin{array}{cccc} a&b & & c&d &multicolumn{2}{c}{raisebox{1.5ex}[0pt]{BigZero}} & &e&f multicolumn{2}{c}{raisebox{1.5ex}[0pt]{BigZero}} & g &h end{array} right) $$ C =     a b c d 0 e f 0 g h     2 Ma trận khối $$ W = left( begin{array}{c:c} begin{matrix} S_n & U_n V_n & S_n^mathrm{,t} end{matrix} & text{Large{:0}} hdashline % text{rule{0pt}{17pt}Large{0}} & textit{Large{I}} end{array} right) $$ W =    Sn Un Vn S t n 0 0 I   
  • 4. http://nhdien.wordpress.com - Nguyễn Hữu Điển 4 $$ left( begin{array}{ccc:c} &&&b &mbox{smash{hugetextit{A}}}&&c &&&d hdashline e&f&g&h end{array} right) $$     b A c d e f g h     $$ left( begin{array}{cccc|c} &&&&b &&&&c &mbox{smash{Huge $A$}}&&&d &&&&e hline f&g&h&i&j end{array} right) $$       b c A d e f g h i j       $$ arraycolsep5pt left( begin{array}{@{,}c|cccc@{,}} a_{11}&a_{12}&a_{13}&a_{14}&a_{15} hline a_{21}&&&& a_{31}&multicolumn{4}{c}{raisebox{-10pt}[0pt][0pt]{Huge $A$}} a_{41}&&&& a_{51}&&&& end{array}
  • 5. http://nhdien.wordpress.com - Nguyễn Hữu Điển 5 right) $$       a11 a12 a13 a14 a15 a21 a31 Aa41 a51       defhsymb#1{mbox{strutrlap{smash{Huge$#1$}}quad}} defhsymbu#1{smash{lower1.8exhbox{scalebox{4}{$#1$}}}} begin{align*} boldsymbol{A} &=left( begin{array}{ccccc} 1&a_{12}&a_{13}&a_{14}&a_{15} 1&a_{22}&a_{23}&a_{24}&a_{25} 1&a_{32}&a_{33}&a_{34}&a_{35} 1&a_{42}&a_{43}&a_{44}&a_{45} 1&a_{52}&a_{53}&a_{54}&a_{55} end{array} right) &=left( begin{array}{ccccc} &a_{12}&a_{13}&a_{14}&a_{15} &a_{22}&a_{23}&a_{24}&a_{25} hsymbu{1}&a_{32}&a_{33}&a_{34}&a_{35} &a_{42}&a_{43}&a_{44}&a_{45} &a_{52}&a_{53}&a_{54}&a_{55} end{array} right) end{align*} $mathbf{1}=(1,1,1,1,1)’$ A =       1 a12 a13 a14 a15 1 a22 a23 a24 a25 1 a32 a33 a34 a35 1 a42 a43 a44 a45 1 a52 a53 a54 a55       =       a12 a13 a14 a15 a22 a23 a24 a25 1 a32 a33 a34 a35 a42 a43 a44 a45 a52 a53 a54 a55      
  • 6. http://nhdien.wordpress.com - Nguyễn Hữu Điển 6 1 = (1, 1, 1, 1, 1) defhsymbu#1{smash{lower1.7exhbox{huge$#1$}}} defhsymb#1{mbox{strutrlap{smash{Huge$#1$}}quad}} $$ left( begin{array}{c@{}c@{}c} begin{array}{|cc|} hline a_{11} & a_{12} a_{21} & a_{22} hline end{array} & hsymb{0} & hsymb{0} hsymbu{0} & begin{array}{|ccc|} hline b_{11} & b_{12} & b_{13} b_{21} & b_{22} & b_{23} b_{31} & b_{32} & b_{33} hline end{array} & hsymbu{0} hsymbu{0} & hsymbu{0} & begin{array}{|cc|} hline c_{11} & c_{12} c_{21} & c_{22} hline end{array} end{array} right) $$           a11 a12 a21 a22 0 0 0 b11 b12 b13 b21 b22 b23 b31 b32 b33 0 0 0 c11 c12 c21 c22           begin{equation*} {boldsymbol{mathcal{H}}}_k = left[
  • 7. http://nhdien.wordpress.com - Nguyễn Hữu Điển 7 hspace{3pt} begin{array}{ccccc} cdashline{1-3} multicolumn{1}{:c}{h_{k,1,0}(n)} & {h_{k,1,1}(n)} &multicolumn{1}{c:}{h_{k,1,2}(n)} & {0} & {0} multicolumn{1}{:c}{h_{k,2,0}(n)} & {h_{k,2,1}(n)} &multicolumn{1}{c:}{h_{k,2,2}(n)} & {0} & {0} multicolumn{1}{:c}{h_{k,3,0}(n)} & {h_{k,3,1}(n)} &multicolumn{1}{c:}{h_{k,3,2}(n)} & {0} & {0} multicolumn{1}{:c}{h_{k,4,0}(n)} & {h_{k,4,1}(n)} &multicolumn{1}{c:}{h_{k,4,2}(n)} & {0} & {0} cdashline{1-4} {0} & multicolumn{1}{:c}{h_{k,1,0}(n-1)} & {h_{k,1,1}(n-1)} &multicolumn{1}{c:}{h_{k,1,2}(n-1)} & {0} {0} & multicolumn{1}{:c}{h_{k,2,0}(n-1)} & {h_{k,2,1}(n-1)} &multicolumn{1}{c:}{h_{k,2,2}(n-1)} & {0} {0} & multicolumn{1}{:c}{h_{k,3,0}(n-1)} & {h_{k,3,1}(n-1)} &multicolumn{1}{c:}{h_{k,3,2}(n-1)} & {0} {0} & multicolumn{1}{:c}{h_{k,4,0}(n-1)} & {h_{k,4,1}(n-1)} &multicolumn{1}{c:}{h_{k,4,2}(n-1)} & {0} cdashline{2-5} {0} & {0} & multicolumn{1}{:c}{h_{k,1,0}(n-2)} & {h_{k,1,1}(n-2)}& multicolumn{1}{c:}{h_{k,1,2}(n-2)} {0} & {0} & multicolumn{1}{:c}{h_{k,2,0}(n-2)} & {h_{k,2,1}(n-2)}& multicolumn{1}{c:}{h_{k,2,2}(n-2)} {0} & {0} & multicolumn{1}{:c}{h_{k,3,0}(n-2)} & {h_{k,3,1}(n-2)}& multicolumn{1}{c:}{h_{k,3,2}(n-2)} {0} & {0} & multicolumn{1}{:c}{h_{k,4,0}(n-2)} & {h_{k,4,1}(n-2)}& multicolumn{1}{c:}{h_{k,4,2}(n-2)} cdashline{3-5} end{array} hspace{3pt} right]_{12times 5} end{equation*}
  • 8. http://nhdien.wordpress.com - Nguyễn Hữu Điển 8 Hk =                         hk,1,0(n) hk,1,1(n) hk,1,2(n) 0 0 hk,2,0(n) hk,2,1(n) hk,2,2(n) 0 0 hk,3,0(n) hk,3,1(n) hk,3,2(n) 0 0 hk,4,0(n) hk,4,1(n) hk,4,2(n) 0 0 0 hk,1,0(n − 1) hk,1,1(n − 1) hk,1,2(n − 1) 0 0 hk,2,0(n − 1) hk,2,1(n − 1) hk,2,2(n − 1) 0 0 hk,3,0(n − 1) hk,3,1(n − 1) hk,3,2(n − 1) 0 0 hk,4,0(n − 1) hk,4,1(n − 1) hk,4,2(n − 1) 0 0 0 hk,1,0(n − 2) hk,1,1(n − 2) hk,1,2(n − 2) 0 0 hk,2,0(n − 2) hk,2,1(n − 2) hk,2,2(n − 2) 0 0 hk,3,0(n − 2) hk,3,1(n − 2) hk,3,2(n − 2) 0 0 hk,4,0(n − 2) hk,4,1(n − 2) hk,4,2(n − 2)                         12×5 $$ left[ begin{array}{c|c|cc} a_{11} & a_{12} & cdots & a_{1n} vdots & vdots & ddots & vdots hline a_{i1} & a_{i2} & cdots & a_{in} hline vdots & vdots & ddots & vdots a_{n1} & a_{n2} & cdots & a_{nn} end{array} right] $$         a11 a12 · · · a1n ... ... ... ... ai1 ai2 · · · ain ... ... ... ... an1 an2 · · · ann         3 Ma trận dạng đường chéo $$ boldsymbol{A}=left( begin{array}{ccccc} a&&&& &b&&&hsymb{0} &&ddots& &&&ddots& hsymb{*}&&&&c
  • 9. http://nhdien.wordpress.com - Nguyễn Hữu Điển 9 end{array} right) $$ A =         a b 0... ... ∗ c         defhsymbl#1{smash{hbox{huge$#1$}}} defhsymbu#1{smash{lower1.7exhbox{huge$#1$}}} $$ A= begin{pmatrix} 2 & 1 & & & hsymbu{0} 1 & 4 & ddots & & & ddots & ddots & ddots & & & ddots & 4 & 1 hsymbl{0} & & & 1 & 2 end{pmatrix} $$ A =          2 1 0 1 4 ... ... ... ... ... 4 1 0 1 2          $$ B= begin{pmatrix} ddots & & ddots & hsymbu{0} & ddots & hsymbu{0} & ddots ddots & hsymbl{0} & ddots & hsymbl{0} & ddots & & ddots end{pmatrix} $$
  • 10. http://nhdien.wordpress.com - Nguyễn Hữu Điển 10 B =         ... ... 0... 0 ... ... 0 ... 0 ... ...         Dùng với gói graphicx.sty newcommandBpara[4]{% begin{picture}(0,0)% setlength{unitlength}{1pt} put(#1,#2){rotatebox{#3}{raisebox{0mm}[0mm][0mm]{% makebox[0mm]{$left. rule{0mm}{#4pt}right}$}}}} end{picture}} $$ begin{array}{ccccc} a_{11} a_{12} & a_{22} a_{31} & a_{32} & a_{33}Bpara{0}{7}{61}{65} a_{41} & a_{42} & a_{43} & a_{44} a_{51} & a_{52} & a_{53}Bpara{-8}{-6}{-90}{58} & a_{54} &a_{55} end{array} $$ a11 a12 a22 a31 a32 a33    a41 a42 a43 a44 a51 a52 a53    a54 a55 newcommandSENB[4]{% begin{picture}(0,0)% setlength{unitlength}{1pt} put(#1,#2){rotatebox{#3}{raisebox{-15pt}[0mm][0mm]{% makebox[0mm]{rule{.5pt}{#4pt}}}}} end{picture}} $$ left( begin{array}{ccccc} hphantom{a_{11}} & a_{12} & a_{13} & a_{14} & a_{15} * & & a_{23} & a_{24} & a_{25} * & * && a_{35} & a_{35} * & * & * & & a_{45}
  • 11. http://nhdien.wordpress.com - Nguyễn Hữu Điển 11 * & * & * & * & SENB{-8}{8}{67}{120} end{array} right) $$       a12 a13 a14 a15 ∗ a23 a24 a25 ∗ ∗ a35 a35 ∗ ∗ ∗ a45 ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗       $$ left( begin{array}{ccccc} & a_{12} & a_{13} & a_{14} & a_{15} a_{21} & & a_{23} & a_{24} & a_{25} a_{31} & a_{32} && a_{35} & a_{35} a_{41} & a_{42} & a_{43} & & a_{45} a_{51} & a_{52} & a_{53} & a_{54} & SENB{-8}{8}{67}{120} end{array} right) $$       a12 a13 a14 a15 a21 a23 a24 a25 a31 a32 a35 a35 a41 a42 a43 a45 a51 a52 a53 a54       4 Chi tiết trong ma trận 1. Làm cột theo dấu chấm $$ begin{Vmatrix} begin{array}{rl} 269&1 11&92 5&25 end{array} end{Vmatrix} begin{Vmatrix} begin{array}{r@{.}l@{%}} 269&1 11&92
  • 12. http://nhdien.wordpress.com - Nguyễn Hữu Điển 12 5&25 end{array} end{Vmatrix} begin{Vmatrix} begin{array}{r@{.}lr@{.}lr@{.}l} 3649&37 & 69&25 & -20&09 69&25 & 5&81 & 0&18 -20&09 & 0&18 & 1&00 end{array} end{Vmatrix} $$ 269 1 11 92 5 25 269.1 % 11.92% 5.25% 3649.37 69.25 −20.09 69.25 5.81 0.18 −20.09 0.18 1.00 2. Dấu biên bao quanh $$ Delta(s_{13},s_2)= left{ S=begin{pmatrix} 0 & 0 & s_{13} 0 & s_2 & s_{23} s_{13} & s_{23}& s_3 end{pmatrix} vert ; s_{23},s_3in Z right} $$ ∆(s13, s2) =    S =   0 0 s13 0 s2 s23 s13 s23 s3   | s23, s3 ∈ ZZ    begin{align*} nabla times overrightarrow{F} & = left| begin{array}{ccc} widehat{i} & widehat{j} & widehat{k} frac {partial }{partial x} & frac {partial }{partial y} &frac{partial }{partial z} F_x & F_y & F_z end{array} right| & = left( frac {partial F_z}{partial y}
  • 13. http://nhdien.wordpress.com - Nguyễn Hữu Điển 13 - frac {partial F_y} {partial z} right) widehat{i} + left( frac{partial F_x} {partial z} -frac {partial F_z} {partial x} right) widehat{j} +left( frac {partial F_y} {partial x} - frac {partial F_x} {partial y} right) widehat{k} end{align*} × −→ F = i j k ∂ ∂x ∂ ∂y ∂ ∂z Fx Fy Fz = ∂Fz ∂y − ∂Fy ∂z i + ∂Fx ∂z − ∂Fz ∂x j + ∂Fy ∂x − ∂Fx ∂y k 5 Các móc biên 1. Tính toán trên dòng begin{alignat*}{2} & begin{pmatrix} 1 & 2 & 1 &vdots & 1 & 0 & 0 [-3pt] 2 & 1 & 1 &vdots & 0 & 1 & 0 [-3pt] 1 & 1 & 1 &vdots & 0 & 0 & 1 end{pmatrix} & qquad & left{ begin{array}{l} (1)[5pt] (2)[5pt] (3) end{array} right. intertext{Cần tính} & begin{pmatrix} 1 & 2 & 1 &vdots & 1 & 0 & 0 [-3pt] 0 &-3 &-1 &vdots &-2 & 1 & 0 [-3pt] 1 &-1 & 1 &vdots &-1 & 0 & 1 end{pmatrix} & qquad &
  • 14. http://nhdien.wordpress.com - Nguyễn Hữu Điển 14 left{ begin{array}{l} (1)[5pt] (2)=(2)-2times (1)[5pt] (3)=(3)-(1) end{array} right. end{alignat*}     1 2 1 ... 1 0 0 2 1 1 ... 0 1 0 1 1 1 ... 0 0 1        (1) (2) (3) Cần tính     1 2 1 ... 1 0 0 0 −3 −1 ... −2 1 0 1 −1 1 ... −1 0 1        (1) (2) = (2) − 2 × (1) (3) = (3) − (1) 2. Dùng overbrace trên ma trận begin{equation} mathbf{A} =left{a_{pq}right} =begin{array}{c} overbrace{hspace{4.75cm}}^{L_B=0,1,2ldots,4} left(begin{array}{ccccc} a_{00} & a_{01} & a_{02} & a_{03} & a_{04} a_{10} & a_{11} & a_{12} & a_{13} & a_{14} a_{20} & a_{21} & a_{22} & a_{23} & a_{24} a_{30} & a_{31} & a_{32} & a_{33} & a_{34} a_{40} & a_{41} & a_{42} & a_{43} & a_{44} end{array} right) end{array} end{equation} A = {apq} = LB=0,1,2...,4       a00 a01 a02 a03 a04 a10 a11 a12 a13 a14 a20 a21 a22 a23 a24 a30 a31 a32 a33 a34 a40 a41 a42 a43 a44       (1)
  • 15. http://nhdien.wordpress.com - Nguyễn Hữu Điển 15 begin{equation} underbrace{ begin{pmatrix} tilde{C}_{11} & cdots &tilde{C}_{1n} &1 vdots & ddots & vdots &vdots tilde{C}_{n1} & cdots &tilde{C}_{nn} &1 1 & cdots & 1 & 0 end{pmatrix}}_{(n+1)times(n+1)} end{equation}      ˜C11 · · · ˜C1n 1 ... ... ... ... ˜Cn1 · · · ˜Cnn 1 1 · · · 1 0      (n+1)×(n+1) (2) 3. Dùng gói lệnh bigdelim.sty multirow.sty $$ begin{array}{rrcccccl} &&multicolumn{5}{c}{overbrace{hspace{3.5em}}^{3} overbrace{hspace{2.5em}}^{2}}& ldelim{{2}{14pt}[2]& ldelim({4}{14pt}[] &1 &2 &3 &4 &5 &rdelim){4}{14pt}[] & &1 &0 &0 &0 &0 & ldelim{{2}{14pt}[2]& &0 &1 &0 &0 &0 & & &0 &0 &1 &0 &0 & end{array} $$ 3 2 2     1 2 3 4 5     1 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 6 Cột và hàng ngoài ma trận 1. dùng gói lệnh blkarray.sty ngoài matrân bên phải và dưới newcommandbigstrutht{vrule width0pt height 12pt depth0ptrelax} newcommandbigstrutdp{vrule width0pt height 0pt depth5ptrelax} $$
  • 16. http://nhdien.wordpress.com - Nguyễn Hữu Điển 16 begin{blockarray}{*{4}{c}} begin{block}{[ccc]c} bigstrutht 1-lambda x & 0 & 0 & ell_1 0 & 1-lambda x & 0 & ell_2 bigstrutdp 0 & 0 & 1-lambda x & ell_3 end{block} c_1 & c_2 & c_3 end{blockarray} $$     1 − λx 0 0 1 0 1 − λx 0 2 0 0 1 − λx 3 c1 c2 c3 2. Kẻ trong và cột ngoài $$ begin{array}{crcc|cl} & &e &multicolumn{1}{c}{f}&g & a&ldelim[{4}{5pt}[]&x &x &x &rdelim]{4}{5pt}[] b& &x &x &x & & &cdots&cdots &cdots& c& &x &x &x & end{array} $$ e f g a     x x x     b x x x · · · · · · · · · c x x x $$ begin{blockarray}{ccccc} & e & f & &g begin{block}{c[cccc]} a & x & x & vert & x b & x & x & vert & x & cdots & cdots & cdots & cdots c & x & x & vert & x end{block} end{blockarray} $$
  • 17. http://nhdien.wordpress.com - Nguyễn Hữu Điển 17 e f g       a x x | x b x x | x · · · · · · · · · · · · c x x | x $$ bordermatrix{ &e&f&&gcr a&x&x&vert&xcr b&x&x&vert&xcr &cdots&cdots&cdots&cdotscr c&x&x&vert&xcr } $$     e f g a x x | x b x x | x · · · · · · · · · · · · c x x | x     $$ begin{array}{c@{}cc} & begin{array}{ccc}e & f & gend{array} begin{array}{c}abcend{array} & left[begin{array}{cc|c} x & x & x x & x & x hdotsfor{3} x & x & x end{array}right] end{array} $$ e f g a b c     x x x x x x . . . . . . . . x x x     3. Dùng bigdelim.sty
  • 18. http://nhdien.wordpress.com - Nguyễn Hữu Điển 18 $$ begin{array}{rrcccll} & &1&2&3& & 1&ldelim({3}{3mm}[] &a&b&c& rdelim){3}{3mm}[]&1 2& &d&e&f& &2 3& &g&h&i& &3 & &1&2&3& & end{array} $$ 1 2 3 1   a b c   1 2 d e f 2 3 g h i 3 1 2 3 $$ begin{array}{rrcccll} & &1&2&3& & 1&ldelim[{3}{3mm}[] &a&b&c& rdelim]{3}{3mm}[]&1 2& &d&e&f& &2 3& &g&h&i& &3 & &1&2&3& & end{array} $$ 1 2 3 1   a b c   1 2 d e f 2 3 g h i 3 1 2 3 $$ begin{array}{rrcccll} & &1&2&3& & 1&ldelim{{3}{3mm}[] &a&b&c& rdelim}{3}{3mm}[]&1 2& &d&e&f& &2 3& &g&h&i& &3 & &1&2&3& & end{array} $$
  • 19. http://nhdien.wordpress.com - Nguyễn Hữu Điển 19 1 2 3 1    a b c    1 2 d e f 2 3 g h i 3 1 2 3 4. Ma trận và gói lệnh graphicx.sty defrb#1{rotatebox{90}{$xleftarrow{#1}$}} begin{tabular}{c} $begin{matrix} rb{text1}&rb{text1}&rb{text1}&rb{text1} end{matrix}$ $begin{bmatrix} X_x & Y_x & Z_x & T_x X_y & Y_y & Z_y & T_y X_z & Y_z & Z_z & T_z 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 end{bmatrix}$ end{tabular} text1 ←−−− text1 ←−−− text1 ←−−− text1 ←−−−     Xx Yx Zx Tx Xy Yy Zy Ty Xz Yz Zz Tz 0 0 0 1     5. Một phần tử là khối $$ begin{pmatrix} x & x & x & x x & x & x & x x & x & x & x begin{matrix}x + y + {}[-2pt] z + a end{matrix} & x & x & x end{pmatrix} $$      x x x x x x x x x x x x x + y + z + a x x x     
  • 20. http://nhdien.wordpress.com - Nguyễn Hữu Điển 20 $$ begin{pmatrix} x & x & x & x x & x & x & x x & x & x & x begin{matrix}x + y + z + a end{matrix} & x & x & x end{pmatrix} $$       x x x x x x x x x x x x x + y+ z + a x x x       7 Định nghĩa Matrix mới $ bordermatrix{ & a & a & a cr a & a & b & c cr a & x & y & z } $ hfill $ bordermatrix[{[]}]{ & 1 & 2 & 3 cr 1 & a & b & c cr 2 & x & y & z } $ hfill $ bordermatrix[{}]{ & 1 & 2 & 3 cr 1 & a & b & c cr 2 & x & y & z } $ a a a a a b c a x y z 1 2 3 1 a b c 2 x y z 1 2 3 1 a b c 2 x y z
  • 21. http://nhdien.wordpress.com - Nguyễn Hữu Điển 21 $ bordermatrix*{ a & b & c & 1cr x & y & z & 2cr 1 & 2 & 3 & } $ hfill $ bordermatrix*[{[]}]{ a & b & c & 1cr x & y & z & 2cr 1 & 2 & 3 & } $ hfill $ bordermatrix*[{}]{ a & b & c & 1cr x & y & z & 2cr 1 & 2 & 3 & } $ a b c 1 x y z 2 1 2 3 a b c 1 x y z 2 1 2 3 a b c 1 x y z 2 1 2 3 8 Hệ phương trình $$ bordermatrix{ & A_1 & A_2 & cdots & A_n cr C_1 & w_1 & w_2 & ldots & w_1 cr C_2 & w_2 & w_2 & ldots & w_2 cr vdots & vdots & vdots & ddots & vdots cr C_n & w_n & w_n & ldots & w_n cr } bordermatrix{ & cr &w_1 cr &w_2 cr &vdots cr &w_n cr } =n bordermatrix{ & cr
  • 22. http://nhdien.wordpress.com - Nguyễn Hữu Điển 22 &w_1 cr &w_2 cr &vdots cr &w_n cr } $$ $$ bordermatrix{ &A_1 & A_2 & ldots & A_3 cr &w1/w1 & w1/w1 & ldots & w1/w1cr &w2 & w2 & ldots & w2cr &vdots & vdots & vdots & vdots cr &w3 & w3 & ldots & w3 cr } $$      A1 A2 · · · An C1 w1 w2 . . . w1 C2 w2 w2 . . . w2 ... ... ... ... ... Cn wn wn . . . wn           w1 w2 ... wn      = n      w1 w2 ... wn          A1 A2 . . . A3 w1/w1 w1/w1 . . . w1/w1 w2 w2 . . . w2 ... ... ... ... w3 w3 . . . w3     9 Chú thích bên phải $$ begin{array}{rcccccll} ldelim({7}{4mm}[] & x_{11} & x_{12} & dots & x_{1p} &rdelim){7}{4mm}[]& rdelim}{4}{3.25cm}[some text] &x_{21} & x_{22} & dots & x_{2p} && & &vdots && && &x_{n_1 1}& x_{n_1 2} & dots & x_{n_1 p}&& &x_{n_1+1,1}&x_{n_1+1,2} & dots & x_{n_1+1, p} &&rdelim}{3}{3.25cm}[some more text] & &vdots && && &x_{n_1+n_2, 1} & x_{n_1+n_2,2} & dots & x_{n_1+n_2,p}&& end{array} $$
  • 23. http://nhdien.wordpress.com - Nguyễn Hữu Điển 23           x11 x12 . . . x1p              some text x21 x22 . . . x2p ... xn11 xn12 . . . xn1p xn1+1,1 xn1+1,2 . . . xn1+1,p    some more text... xn1+n2,1 xn1+n2,2 . . . xn1+n2,p $$ left( begin{array}{ccccc} x_{11} & x_{12} & dots & x_{1p} x_{21} & x_{22} & dots & x_{2p} &vdots && x_{n_1 1}& x_{n_1 2} & dots & x_{n_1 p} x_{n_1+1,1}&x_{n_1+1,2} & dots & x_{n_1+1, p} &vdots && x_{n_1+n_2, 1} & x_{n_1+n_2,2} & dots & x_{n_1+n_2,p} end{array} right) $$             x11 x12 . . . x1p x21 x22 . . . x2p ... xn11 xn12 . . . xn1p xn1+1,1 xn1+1,2 . . . xn1+1,p ... xn1+n2,1 xn1+n2,2 . . . xn1+n2,p             begin{equation*} begin{pmatrix} 01&02&03&04&05&06&07&08&09&10&11&12&13&14 01&02&03&hdotsfor{7}&11&12&13&14 end{pmatrix} end{equation*} 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 01 02 03 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 12 13 14 begin{equation*} begin{pmatrix}
  • 24. http://nhdien.wordpress.com - Nguyễn Hữu Điển 24 01&02 &03&04&05&06&07&08&09&10&11&12&13&14 02&02 &03&04&05&06&07&08&09&10&11&12&13&14 03&ldots &03&04&05&06&07&08&09&10&11&12&13&14 04&hdotsfor{2} &04&05&06&07&08&09&10&11&12&13&14 05&hdotsfor{3} &05&06&07&08&09&10&11&12&13&14 06&hdotsfor{4} &06&07&08&09&10&11&12&13&14 07&hdotsfor{5} &07&08&09&10&11&12&13&14 08&hdotsfor{6} &08&09&10&11&12&13&14 09&hdotsfor{7} &09&10&11&12&13&14 10&hdotsfor{8} &10&11&12&13&14 11&hdotsfor{9} &11&12&13&14 12&hdotsfor{10}&12&13&14 13&hdotsfor{11}&13&14 14&hdotsfor{12}&14 end{pmatrix} end{equation*}                         01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 02 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 03 . . . 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 04 . . . . . . . 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 05 . . . . . . . . . . . . 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 06 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 07 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 09 10 11 12 13 14 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 11 12 13 14 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 12 13 14 12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 13 14 13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 14 14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14                        