FIRE DETECTION AND ALARM SYSTEM IN HOTEL

FIREDETECTIONANDALARMSYSTEMINHOTEL
BUILDING SERVICES
FIRE DETECTION AND ALARM SYSTEM IN HOTEL
A PRESENTATION ON
CONTEMPORARY TECHNOLOGY
M.ARCH (BUILDING SERVICES)
Presented by :
Aaesha Qamar
Mohd. Athar Mansury
Submitted to :
Ar. Mohd. Firoz Anwar

BUILDING SERVICES PRESENTED BY : ATHAR MANSURY SLIDE NO. : 01
• A Fire detection and alarm system is number of devices working together to detect and warn
people through visual and audio appliances when smoke, fire, CO or other emergencies are present.
• Detect fire in the areas.
3. WHERE IS IT USED ?
• Institutional Buildings
• Residential Apartments
• Industries
• Offices
• Hotel
• Hospitals
• Mall
• Multi Storied Complexes
1. FIRE DETECTION AND ALARM SYSTEM
Alarm
Smoke & heat detector
Fire is automatically detected
Fig.1. Fire detection and alarm system devices
Source : www.efire.info/products-ext.asp
Fig.2. Smoke and heat detectors
GUIDED BY : AR. MOHD. FIROZ ANWAR
1. INTRODUCTION :
2. WHY IS IT REQUIRED?
• Notify building occupants to take evasive action to
escape.
• Summon organized assistance to assist in fire control
activities.
• Initiate automatic fire control systems to sound alarm.
• Supervise fire control systems to assure operational
status is maintained.

BUILDING SERVICES PRESENTED BY : AAESHA QAMAR SLIDE NO. : 02
INPUT DEVICES CONTROL PANEL OUTPUT DEVICES
Fig.3. Block diagram of Fire detection and alarm system principle
Source : www.buildingtechnologies.siemens.com
4. FIRE DETECTION AND ALARM SYSTEM PRINCIPLE :
Fire detection and alarm system
principle is based on three devices :
4.1. INPUT DEVICES
4.2. CONTROL PANEL
4.3. OUTPUT DEVICES
• Fire-related information is collected
from all parts of the building by the
Input devices & transmitted to the
Control panel.
Fig.4. Chart of Fire detection and alarm system
1. AUTOMATIC FIRE DETECTORS
2. MANUAL CALL POINTS(FIRE BOX)
3. CONTACTS
4.1. INPUT DEVICES :
• It has three devices :

4.1.1. AUTOMATIC FIRE DETECTORS :
4.1.2. MANUAL CALL POINTS(FIRE BOX) :
HEAT DETECTORS SMOKE DETECTORS FLAME DETECTORS FIRE GAS DETECTORS
Fig.4. Different types of Automatic fire detectors
Source : www.efire.info/products-ext.asp
SINGLE ACTION GLASS BREAK DOUBLE ACTION
Fig.5. Different types of Manual call points
Source : www.efire.info/products-ext.asp4.2. CONTROL PANEL :
4.3. OUTPUT DEVICES :
 GLASS BREAK
glass rod or plate is broken.
It is of four types :
1. HEAT DETECTORS
2. SMOKE DETECTORS
3. FLAME DETECTORS
4. FIRE-GAS DETECTORS
It is of two types :
 Installed in the normal entry/exit path.
1. SINGLE ACTION
pull handle once.
2. DOUBLE ACTION
lifting of a cover or opening a door.
• Control panel monitor, control and operate the
system.
• It evaluates the hazard messages from the Input
devices.
• It activates audible alarm warnings.
The actions initiated by the control unit include :
• Alarming,
• Activating the fire controls,
• Alerting the fire brigade.

 Lack of system maintenance :
Badly designed, or poorly installed
2. FIRE DETECTION AND ALARM SYSTEM IN HOTEL
1.2. CAUSES
Critical areas includes :
1. GUEST ROOMS
2. KITCHENS
3. LAUNDRIES
4. RESTAURANTS
5. STAIRWAYS
6. PARKING GARAGES
7. PLANT ROOMS
1.3. CRITICAL AREAS IN HOTEL
FALSE ALARM
 INTRODUCTION :
 Deceptive phenomena :
• Steam,
• Increase in temp. due to electrical equipments.
• Areas with numerous
heat sources.
• Large fire loads.
• Significant deception
phenomena.
• High occupancy loads.
• Overheating in Electrical
equipment leading to short
circuits, overloads, discharges, etc.
 CAUSES :
 Interference from the HVAC system.
1.1. COMPLEXITY
1. FACTORS OF HOTEL FIRES :
Hotel fires are more complex than
many other occupancies because of :
• Guest’s unfamiliarity with the
building.
• Many guests may have language
problems.
• Open flame from candles,
cigarettes, lighters.
• Carelesness with electrical
equipment.
 Special attention should
be given to critical areas.
 Its characteristics are :
• A False alarm, is the deceptive report of an emergency,
causing unnecessary panic to a place where they
are not needed.

Smoke detector with
sounder base
1.3.1. GUEST ROOM
1. CAUSE OF FIRE HAZARDS :
3. SOLUTION OF FIRE HAZARDS :
It is caused from :
 Detector
 Positioning of the detectors :
Fig.6. Smoke detectors used in Guest room
Source : www.buildingtechnologies.siem-ens.com
Fig.7. Positioning of the Smoke detectors in Guest house
• Steam from the shower.
• Cigarette smoke.
• Rapid increase in temperature
caused by an electric heater.
• On the ceiling.
• At least 0.5 m from the wall.
• In the area of the bed.
• As far as possible from the bathroom door.
• Away from the airflow of the HVAC system.
• Smoke detector with sounder base.
• Short circuit of an electrical appliance.
• Careless handling of smoking products such as cigarettes.
• Propagation of smoke and fire via the HVAC system.
Smoke detectors
used in Guest room
just above the bed
2. DECEPTIVE PHENOMENONS :

1.3.2. KITCHENS
2. DECEPTIVE PHENOMENON :
• Steam from boiling water.
• Rapid increase in temperatures
caused by opening an oven.
 Manual call point
Fire detector
Manual call point
Fig.9. Positioning of the Fire detectors in Kitchen
Fig.8. Fire detectors used in Kitchen
• Short circuit of an electrical appliance (stove, fridge,
dish washer or other kitchen equipment).
• Careless handling of the gas stove.
• Flammable materials such as oven mitts on a hot
plate.
• Loose clothing and hair which can catch fire when
cooking with an exposed flame.
 Automatic fire detector
• On the ceiling.
• At least 0.5 m from the wall.
• As far as possible from the
cooking area and the oven.
• Away from the airflow of
the HVAC system.
Manual call point installed
next to entry/exit
Fire detector installed on the
ceiling away from electrical
appliances
 It is caused from :
• Next to the entry/exit.
• At a height of 1.4 m
± 0.2 m.

1.3.3. LAUNDRIES
• Steam from an ironing press.
• Rapid increase in temperature
caused by opening a dryer.
 Automatic fire detector  Manual call point
Fig.10. Fire detectors used in Laundary
Fig.11. Positioning of the Fire detectors in Laundary
Fire detector
Manual call point
• Short circuit of an electrical appliance (e.g. washing machine,
dryer or ironing press).
• Ignition of dust or fluff through contact with a hot surface,
• Spontaneous combustion of textiles.
• On the ceiling.
• At least 0.5 m
from the wall.
• Away from the
airflow of the
HVAC system.
± 0.2 m.
Manual call point
installed next to
entry/exit
Fire detector installed
on the ceiling away from
the electrical appliances
 It is caused from :

1.3.4. RESTAURANTS
• Smoke caused by frying at the tables.
 Smoke detector Fire detector
Manual call point
Smoke detector
Fig.13. Positioning of the Fire detectors in Restaurant
Fig.12. Fire detectors used in Restaurant
• Short circuit of an electrical appliance (coffee machine,
chafing dish or hotplate).
• Careless handling of candles.
• Flammable materials close to open flames or electrical
hotplates.
• On the ceiling.
• At least 0.5 m from
the wall.
• Away from the
airflow of the HVAC
system.
• On the Ceiling.
• In the area of sittings.
Smoke detector installed
on the ceiling in the area
of the sittings
Fire detector
Manual call point
installed next to
entry/exit
It is caused from :
± 0.2 m.

1.3.5. STAIRWAYS
 Manual call point
 The Smoke detector must be positioned
in every electrical enclosure.
 The Fire detector must be installed in
the stairway on the top floor ceiling.
• If stories are separated by a door, a
fire detector must be installed on
the ceiling before every door and
installed on every third story.
Fig.15. Positioning of the Fire detectors
in Stairway
Source : www.buildingtechnologies.sie
Fig.14. Fire detectors used in Stairway
Fire detector
Manual call point
Smoke detector
Automatic Fire detector installed
on every third story
Manual call point
Smoke detector
Smoke detector positioned
in electrical enclosure
• Short circuit of electrical equipment.
• Sometimes contact of flammable
materials with electrical equipments.
 Automatic fire detectors
• In the middle of the ceiling.
• Next to the escape door which leads
outside or to a safe area.
• At a height of 1.4 m ± 0.2 m.
mens.com

1.3.6. PARKING GARAGES
• Smoke emitted whenever the engine
of a vehicle is started.
• Too much emission of smoke increases
the temp. of area.
Fire detector
Manual call point
Fig.16. Fire detectors used in Parking
Fig.17. Positioning of the Fire detectors in Parking
Automatic Fire detector
Manual call point
Automatic Fire
detector installed
above parking
area
Manual call point
installed next to
entry/exit
• Short circuit of electrical equipment
(e.g. Motor of a ventilation system).
• A technical fault in a vehicle.
• Flammable material catching fire from
flying sparks during welding work etc.
• On the ceiling.
• At least 0.5 m from the
wall.
• Away from the airflow of
the Ventilation system.
It is caused from :
± 0.2 m.

1.3.7. PLANT ROOMS
• Steam from sanitary technology (water treatment,
waste water disposal, gas facilities).
 SINORIX COMPACT :
• Due to the presence electrical and electronic
components and devices.
• Suitable in an area with no larger
structures or installations.
• In the airflow of the ventilation duct.
• In the plant room next to the door.
• In the plant room next to the door.
• In the wall shared with a large room.
• Short circuit of an electrical component,
• Failure of the cooling system leading to
excessive overheating of electronic components
(e.g. microcontroller).
It is caused from :
• Rapid increase in temperatures caused by heating
technology (heat generation, heat storage,
heat distribution).
Selecting the type, setting and position of
fire detectors.
 ASD SUCTION PIPE :
 MANUAL CALL POINT :
 MANUALLY ACTIVATED ACTUATOR FOR
EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM :
 OVERPRESSURE FLAP :

Fig.19. Positioning of the Fire
detectors in Plant room
Source : www.buildingtechnolog
1. SINORIX COMPACT
2. ELECTRICAL MANUAL ACTUATOR
FOR EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM
(YELLOW)
3. MANUAL CALL POINT (RED)
4. OVERPRESSURE FLAP
5. VENTILATION DUCT
6. ASD SUCTION PIPE
Fig.18. Fire detectors used in Plant room
Electrical manual actuator
for extinguishing system
installed next to entrance
Manual call point installed
next to entrance
ies.siemens.com

BUILDING SERVICES SLIDE NO. : 13GUIDED BY : AR. MOHD. FIROZ ANWAR
CASE STUDY : RADISSON BLU HOTEL, GREATER NOIDA
 INTRODUCTION :
• Radisson Blu Hotel, is a 5 star Hotel built in 2011.
• It is managed by : Carlson Rezidor Hotel Group.
 LOCATION :
• C-8, Site 4, 2nd Cross Avenue Roa, Kasna,
Greater Noida, UP, India.
 SURROUNDINGS :
• It is surrounded by beautiful green landscape
just 3KM from the Yamuna expressway.
 ACCESSIBILITY :
• Distance from IGI
Airport : 52 km
• Distance from
New Delhi Railway
Station : 43 km
 MAIN AMENITIES :
• 175 Guestrooms
• 4 Restaurants
• Banquet hall
• Spa
• Health club
• Childcare
• Outdoor pool
• Roof top terrace
Fig.21. Night view of RADISSON BLU HOTEL, Greater Noida
Source : www.makemytrip.com/hotels/radisson_blu
Fig.20. Location map of Hotel
Source : Google map
 PLOT AREA : 6680 SQ.M
COVERED AREA :
 BASEMENT :
 NO. OF STORIES : 15
 BUILDING HT. : 62M
PARKING :
• Ground floor :- 2003 sq.m
• Typical floor :- 10499 sq.m
• No. :- 2
• Area :- 7206 sq.m
• Inside :- 200 cars,
• Outside :- 100 cars
 SITE DETAILS :
PRESENTED BY : ATHAR MANSURY

BUILDING SERVICES PRESENTED BY : AAESHA QAMAR SLIDE NO. : 14GUIDED BY : AR. MOHD. FIROZ ANWAR
1. GUEST ROOM
1.1. ANALYSIS
• Detailed evacuation
plan with necessary
details behind the
door.
2. KITCHEN
2.1. ANALYSIS
• It has proper fire fighting system.
Fig.22. Detailed evacution plan
behind the door
Source : Self
Fig.23. Smoke detector, Speaker
used in Guest room
Source : Self
Fig.24. Fire detector, Speaker
used in Guest room
Source : Self
Smoke detector installed
on the ceiling in the bed
area.
Speaker installed near the door
Fire detector
installed on the
ceiling away from
electrical equipment
• Smoke detector
near the bed area.
• One speaker near
the door and
another in the
bathroom.
• Fire detector on the ceiling.
• Speaker near the door.
• Sprinklers are installed near the
food preparation area.

2. PARKING
Fig.25. Detectors, Speakers layout for Parking
PRESENTED BY : AAESHA QAMAR

BUILDING SERVICES PRESENTED BY : ATHAR MANSURY SLIDE NO. : 16GUIDED BY : AR. MOHD. FIROZ ANWAR
Fig.26. Detectors, Speakers layout for Ground floor plan
3. GROUND FLOOR PLAN

4. TYPICAL FLOOR PLAN
Fig.27. Detectors, Speakers layout for Typical floor plan
INFERENCES :
 MERITS :-
• Fire and smoke detectors are properly
installed in its defined position.
• Concealed sprinklers installed.
• Proper guidance system for the Guests.
 DEMERITS :-
• The sprinkler’s position in the Guest
room is not aesthetically pleasing.
• No visual alarms installed.
PRESENTED BY : ATHAR MANSURY

BUILDING SERVICES
BIBLIOGRAPHY
•National building code(2005)
•www.buildingtechnologies.siemens.com/bt/global/en/firesafety/firedetection
•www.tyco.com/solutions/fire-detection#mini-form
•www.buildings.com/article-details/articleid/5851/title/the-basics-of-passivefireprotection
•www./hotels/radisson_blu_greater_noida-details-delhi.html

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