1. PTCL
INTERNSHIP
REPORT
August 23
2014
I was on sixweeksinternshipprogram at ptcl in switchingwll and power
departments.I learnedthe basic architecturesof the following
departmentand the troubleshootingofnetwork betweenusersand
service.
SIX WEEKS
INTERNSHIP
@ PTCL

2. PTCL INTERNSHIP REPORT 2014
INTERNEE’S INTRODUCTION:
Name:HAMMAD UR REHMAN
FatherName:ALLAH DAD HUSSAIN
University:D.H.ASUFFAUNIVERSITY
StudentOf:MECHANICALENGINEERING
Internshipperiod: 7-07-14 TO 17-08-14
Placement:7-07-14 TO 20-07-14 -----SWITCHING
21-07-14 TO 4-08-14-----WLL
5-08-14 TO 17-08-14-----DG SET
Office supervisors: AFZALULARFEEN----SWITCHING (NORTHKARACHI)
ADNAN FAISAL-------WLL(PAK-CAPITAL)
SALMAN ---------------DG SET(PAK-CAPITAL)
Timings:10a.m TO 2p.m in each depart
Monday TO Saturday
Work premises:Ondeskworkinginoffice building,outdoorunitsvisitingtoMSAGsand BTSs
Contact:
Phone No.: 03472495514
E-mail:hammad_zen@yahoo.com

3. PTCL INTERNSHIP REPORT 2014
@PTCL:
From the humble beginnings of Posts & Telegraph Department in 1947 and
establishment of Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited, to this very day, ours
is a story of commitment and vision.
PAKISTAN POST & TELEGRAPH (P&T)
The postal and telecommunication services were performed by a single department
known as Pakistan Post & Telegraph (P&T). This department started its telephone
service with only 12346 telephone lines and seven telegraph offices all over Pakistan.
This department continued its business up to 1962. The Government of Pakistan
adopted the Government of India Telegraph act 1885 to control and direct the activities
of telecommunication.
PAKISTAN TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE DEPARTMENT (T&T)
Pakistan Telegraph and Telephone Department inherited a small telecommunication
network consisting of only 12,000 lines in 1947. It was the sole Department responsible
for providing telecommunication facilities to whole country. In fact postal services were
also included in its responsibilities. The Pakistan Postal Department was separated
from Pakistan Telegraph and Telephone Department in the year 1962. Like all other
field of newly born nation, there was no established system of telecommunication,
available in the country. However the present system, as well as new installations was
managed by the T&T quiet efficiently.
PAKISTAN TELECOMMUNICATION CORPORATION (PTC)
The erstwhile Telegraph and Telephone (T&T) Department was converted into a
Statuary Corporation on 15-12-1990. It has its own legal identity totally separated from
Government of Pakistan.
RE-STRUCTURING OF PTC
The P.T.C. was further segregated into four separate units in 1996.
1. P.T.C.L.
2. P.T.A.
3. N.T.C.
4. F.A.B.

4. PTCL INTERNSHIP REPORT 2014
PAKISTAN TELECOMMUNICATION COMPANY LIMITED (PTCL)
PTCL was incorporated on December 31st 1995 and commenced business on January
1st 1996. The idea behind this was to provide better services to its customers. This was
established to undertake the telecommunication business formally carried out by Ex-
PTC. It was responsible for carrying out all kinds of telecommunications activities in the
country. It was required to look after the existing telecom installations and their
automation and development. It was also to undertake development program in telecom
field. All properties, assets, obligations and liabilities of PTC were accordingly
transferred to the PTCL on the 01-01-1996.
The P.T.C.L. is a prestigious organization and telecom services in the country are
getting better and better, since its incorporation.
PAKISTAN TELECOM AUTHORITY (PTA)
Pakistan Telecom Authority (PTA) was established in 1996. It falls under the preview of
Government of Pakistan. It issues licenses to various companies for carry out certain
activities. This authority is responsible to monitor the establishment of telecom related
firms, companies, the import of telecom equipments etc in the country. It is a regulatory
body formed to accomplish rules and regulations relating to the telecommunication
matters.
NATIONAL TELECOM CORPORATION (NTC)
It has been established for installation of telecommunication facilities to the
Governmental organizations. A portion of working lines was initially transferred to N.T.C.
from the P.T.C.L. but now they have established their network. They are totally
independent in providing telephones connections, their look after and generation of
revenue there from.
FREQUENCY ALLOCATION BOARD (FAB)
This organization has been established to allocate Radio and Wireless telecom
frequencies to various organizations/companies within the country. The latest
development in this regard is that F.A.B. is establishing Monitoring Stations in order to
check the validity and legality of the utilization of circuits.
PTCL'S SUBSIDIARIES
Pak Telecom Mobile Limited (PTML)
PTML is a wholly owned subsidiary of PTCL established to operate cellular Telephony
under the brand name of UFONE.

5. PTCL INTERNSHIP REPORT 2014
The company's performance during the current year has been very encouraging despite
the stiff competition in Pakistan's cellular market especially after the emergence of two
new international players in the last quarter of the year. Throughout the year, UFONE
pursued a growth strategy and managed to almost double its revenue compared to last
year. The company successfully increased UFONE's market share from 16% to 22%, a
significant achievement. On June 30, 2005 the total number of subscribers of UFONE
was 2.6 million versus 0.8 million at the same year.
During the year PTML successfully launched its Phase-IV network expansion project
costing more than US$ 160 million. UFONE now covers more than 200 cities and
towns, prominent highways and caters for international roaming with 135 operators
worldwide.
UFONE recorded Revenue of Rs. 8,598 million for the year ended June 30, 2006 as
compared to Rs. 4,374 million for the previous year, an increase of 97%. Profit after tax
increased from Rs.776 million for the current year. Based on these results a dividend of
Rs. 700 million was declared by the Board of PTML.
Pak net Limited
The fully owned subsidiary of PTCL owns the largest ISP network spread over 2,900
cities/locations with 43 POPs. It has extensive data transmission capabilities but has
been incurring losses due to poor business orientation and excessive overheads.
During the year Packet recorded sales revenue of Rs. 213.9 million, which is 19% lower
than last year. The company posted a loss of Rs. 42.2 million vs. a loss of Rs. 111.5
million last year. The quantum of loss is lower as compared to last year mainly due to
reversal of provisions against doubtful debts of Rs.44.1 million made in prior years and
reversal of deferred tax asset of Rs. 34.9 million in the last year.
In spite of these subsidiaries there are following product lines.
 Fixed Telephone ( Analog & Digital)
 DSL ( Digital Subscriber Line)
 IN Products (Pre-Paid Cards, Calling Cards, Apna Das Calling Card, Phone Bill
Card etc.)
 PTCL Wireless.
MODERN SERVICES
 DON'T DISTURB
 WAKE UP CALL
 CALL WAITING
 HOTLINE
 INTERNET AND E-MAIL SERVICE
 DIGITAL LEASED LINES/CROSS CONNECT
 CLI SERVICE

6. PTCL INTERNSHIP REPORT 2014
 CALL FORWARDING ON BUSY TONE.
 CALL FORWARDING ON NO REPLY.
 CALL FORWARDING UNCONDITIONAL (IMMEDIATE).
 DOMESTIC CALL CENTERS
 CO-LOCATION CENTER
 TELEPLUS (ISDN / BRI)
 CONFERENCE CALL
 PTCL MESSAGING SERVICE
 ABBREVIATED DIALING
 TOLL FREE SERVICE – 0800
 PTCL MAILBOX
 PREMIUM RATE SERVICE-0900
 UNIVERSAL INTERNET NUMBER
 INTERNATIONAL CALL CENTERS
PTCL ExperiaInternshipProgram concludes ona high note
Pakistan Telecommunications Company Limited (PTCL) has concluded its Experia Summer
Program 2013. The program offered an extensive six week long learning and development
opportunity to the students of top Pakistani universities.
Apart from comprehensive orientation sessions, guest lecture series by seasoned PTCL officials
and coaching sessions, the program also featured various exciting team projects and
competitions.
The Experia Internship Program has contributed towards the growth and development of these
talented students, and has proved to be a two-way contribution between PTCL and the young
minds. Initiatives like these play a vital role in development of the youth and PTCL is proud to
play its role in providing this healthy platform to the future leaders of the country
- Syed Mazhar Hussain, PTCL Senior Executive Vice President (SEVP) HR
SWITCHING @PTCL:
PTCL isa leadingtelecomcompanyof Pakistananditisaccordinglyincreasingitstechnologiesas
the global communicationisgrowinglargertoenterPakistanintothe currentflow,PTCLisshiftingits
oldcopperwire landline connections(slow speed)tonew optical fiberwire connections(veryhigh
speed) thatoperate onlasertotransferdata at speedof light.
Technical Requirements of Packet Transport Network

7. PTCL INTERNSHIP REPORT 2014
1. TECHNICALREQUIREMENTS
 1.1.PTCL intendstoinstall anddeployPacketbasedtransportsolutioninitsnetwork.
 1.2. The objective of these specificationsistodefine andfix standardsforequipment/services
requiredforPacketbasedtransportsolution.The proposedsolutionshallconsistof different
capacitynodes,NetworkManagementSystem(NMS),autoservice provisioningsystemsand
othernetworkcomponents.
 1.3. The servicesshall include NGN VoIP,PTP(Point-to-Point),PTMP(Point-to-Multipoint),Uni-
cast, Multi-cast,active Ethernet,CDMA WLL VoIP,Wimax,IPCentrex,Internetservices,Triple
playservices(voice,video,data),VoD,DSL,VPN,VPLSandotherMulti Protocol Label Switching
(MPLS-TP) servicesetc.
 1.4. The offeredsolutionshall be supportring,hub-and-spoke (star),full andpartial mesh
topology.
 1.5. The networkshall be deployedinhierarchyhavingcore,distribution(aggregation) and
access layers.
 1.6.Followingare the Architecture requirements:
 1.6.1. Core AggregationMetroNode (HighEndNode)
i). Minimumslots:10
 ii). Slotcapacity:Minimum100 Gbps
 iii). Chassisbackplane capacity:Minimum2Tbps
 1.6.2. Core Metro Node (MediumEndNode)
 i).Minimumslots:6
 ii).Slotcapacity:Minimum100Gbps
 iii).Chassisbackplane capacity:Minimum1Tbps
 1.6.3.AccessMetro Nodes
 i).Minimumslots:2or Fixedconfiguration
 ii).Uplink:Gbps(Multiple)
 iii).Uplink:10 Gbps (Multiple)
 Note:The biddershall quote forbothuplinkconfigurations
 1.6.4. The offeredequipmentshall be modularandscalable.The biddershall provide the
basic/ultimatecapacityof the offeredsystem.
 1.7.Carrier-classreliability:
 1.7.1. The offeredsystemshall have redundantprocessors/control unitsandfans.
 1.7.2. The offeredsystemshall have redundanthot-swappable powersupplies.
 1.7.3. Key modulesincludingsystemcontrol unitsandpowersupplyshall adopt1:1 mode
backup.The highreliabilityshall be ensuredthroughthe hitlessprotection.Itshall be highly
reliable withhighfiguresof MTBF.
 1.8.Large capacity andhighperformance:
 1.8.1. The offeredsystemshall supportnon-blockingswitchingcapabilityand packetforwarding
capabilityshall be sufficienttomeetthe requirements.
 1.8.2. The offeredsystemshall have Port-basedandMAC-basedVLAN support.
 1.8.3. The biddershall mentionthe valuesof Switchingcapability,PacketForwardingRate,L3
Route Entries,L2 MAC addressesandnumberof VLANssupported.
 1.9. The offeredsystemshall have the followingattributesasperMEF:
 i).StandardizedServices
 ii).Scalability
 iii).Reliability

8. PTCL INTERNSHIP REPORT 2014
 iv).QoS
 v).Service Management
 1.10. The offeredsystemshall supportthe followingservices:
 i).Data
 ii).Video
 iii).Voice
 iv).MPLSLayer2 VPNs(endtoend)
 v).
 vi).Ethernet
 vii).E-Line (EPL,VPL,EthernetInternetAccess(EIA),IPVPNs,etc.)
 viii).E-LAN (MultipointL2VPN,transparentLAN Services,Multicastnetworks)
 ix).E-Tree (Pointtomulti Point)
 x).EthernetoverMPLS(EoMPLS)
 xi).Ethernet:Q-in-Q,MAC-in-MAC,andMPLSTE
 1.10.1. The offeredsolutionshall be usedto:
 i). DeliverL2VPN servicesthroughexistingserviceactivator/provisioningsystemto:
 a. Ethernettothe home (ETTH)
 b. Ethernettothe business(ETTB)
 c. Ethernetbetweenoffices
 d. ExistingDSLAMaggregationviaMPLS core deploymentsbasedonMPLS VPN’s
 ii).DeliverConvergeddataviaMPLS VPN’s,voice viaMPLSVPN’sandvideoviaL2 or IP or MVPN
P2MP LSP (Triple-play) servicesbasedonMPLSVPN’son2*10GE BroadbandNetworkCore
enable withRSVP-TEandDiffuserTE.
 iii).RedundancysolutionforDSLAMaggregationwithVRRPorMulti chassisclustersolution
 iv).Backhaulingdifferenttraffictypesincluding CDMA andupcomingLTE and GPON technologies
 1.10.2. The offeredsystemshall implementthe port-/application-/flow-basedbandwidth
control mode.The solutionshall inter-workwithMPLSVPN service of devicesfromother
mainstreamvendors.
 1.11. Highport densitywithfull duplexprocessingpowerandwire speedroutingandswitching.
 1.11.1. The offeredsystemshall supportthe followingInterfaces:
 i). 100BASE-FX/1000BASE-X(SFP).
 ii). 10GE
 1.11.2. PTCL has plannedtotransformSDH basedmetronetworktoIP basednetworkinphased
manner.Bidderstostate whetherthe supportof followinginterfacesisavailableintheir
 Offeredsolution?
 i).STM1
 ii).STM4
 iii).STM16
 iv).STM64
 1.11.2.1. If supportof above interfacesisavailable,biddertostate how theyplan toimplement.
 1.11.2.2. If supportof above interfacesisnotavailable,biddertostate how thisTDM interfaces,
if required,canbe transportedoverMetroEthernetnetwork
 1.11.3. Optical/electrical interfacessupportisrequired.
 1.12.Enhanced QoSand Synchronizationsupport:
 1.12.1. The offeredsystemshall have MPLS,QoS,MulticastandIPv6 featuresprovidingGigabit
Ethernetaccessfor bothfiberandcopperdeployments.The offeredsystemshall have QoS
featuresincludingLayer2 QoS802.1p, HQoS, DSCP/IPPrecedencetrustandmarking.

9. PTCL INTERNSHIP REPORT 2014
 1.12.2. The offeredsystemshall have supportforTime-basedQoS,Profile-basedQoS,Policy-
basedQoS,Layer 2 and Layer 3 QoSfacilitatingtieredEthernetservice offeringsthroughrate
limitingandtrafficshaping.
 1.12.3. The offeredsystemshall provide mechanismssuchashardware-basedflow
classification,accounting,multicastandrate restrictionetc.
 1.12.4. Priorityqueuing,flowmeteringandpolicing(IEEE802.1Q), congestionnotification(IEEE
802.1au), dropprecedence (802.1ad),precisiontime synchronization(IEEE1588 latestversion),
and packetnetworkfrequencysynchronization(ITU-TG.8261), or theirlatestversions.
 1.13.Traffic Control Functions:
 1.13.1. The offeredsystemshall have Hierarchical QoSfeature.
 1.14.NetworkManagement:
 1.14.1. The offeredsystemshall have differentManagementoptionsincludingCLI,GUIand web
basedManagement.
 1.14.2. The offeredsystemshall have in-bandaswell asout-of-bandmanagementcapabilityvia
Telnetmode (CLI) andSNMP(GUI),in additiontohavingFCAPScapability.
 1.14.3. The offeredsystemshall supportEthernetOAM(802.1ag, 802.3ah and E-LMI).
 1.14.4. The offeredsystemshall be possibletoexportPerformanceandFaultdatato third-party
managementsystems includingHPOpenViewandComputerAssociatesUnicentersoftware,to
provide acomplete consolidatedview of networkoperations.
 1.15.EthernetOAMand Managementsupport:
 1.15.1. IEEE802.1ag (ConnectivityFaultManagement(CFM),ITU-TRecommendationY.1731
(OAMfunctionsandmechanismsforEthernetbasednetworks),Restorationtechnologies(e.g.,
xSTP,IEEE 802.1aq), ITU-T RecommendationG.8031 (Ethernetlinearprotectionswitching),
G.8032 (Ethernetringprotectionswitching) orequivalent.
 1.15.2. MPLS OAMsupport.
WLL @ PTCL:
Ptcl has a veryappreciatedandreliable wirelessservice networkonthe architecture of CDMA
that isthe AmericantechnologyusedinSecondWorldWarcommunications.

10. PTCL INTERNSHIP REPORT 2014
CDMA2000 1x Network Elements:
CDMA network architecture consists of following elements
Mobile Station (MS):
The MS is the mobile subscriber equipment, which can originate and receive calls and
communicate with the BTS.
Base Transceiver Station (BTS):
The BTS transmits and receives radio signals, realizing communication between the radio system
and the mobile station.
Base Station Controller (BSC):
The BSC implements the following functions:
 Base TransceiverStation(BTS) control andmanagement
 call connectionanddisconnection
 mobilitymanagement
 stable andreliable radiolinkprovisionforthe upper-layerservicesbysoft/hardhandoff
 powercontrol

11. PTCL INTERNSHIP REPORT 2014
 Radioresource management.
Packet Control Function (PCF):
The PCF implements the R-P connection management. Because of the shortage of radio
resources, some radio channels should be released when subscribers do not send or receive data,
but the PPP connection is maintained continuously. The PCF can shield radio mobility for the
upper-layer services via handoff.
Packet Data Service Node (PDSN):
The PDSN implements the switching of packet data services of mobile subscribers. One PDSN
can be connected to multiple PCFs. It provides the interface between the radio network and the
packet data network.
Home Agent (HA):
The agent locates at the place where the Mobile Node opens its account; receive the registration
information from MN, Similar as HLR in mobile network. Broadcast the accessible information
of MN. Setup the tunnel between FA&HA. Transfer the data from other computer to the MN via
the tunnel.
Mobile Switching Center (MSC):
The MSC implements the service switching between the calling and called subscribers. One
MSC is connected with multiple BSCs. The MSC can also be connected to the PSTN, ISDN or
other MSCs. It provides the interface between the radio network and PSTN.
Visitor Location Register (VLR):
It is a dynamic database, stores the temporary information (all data necessary to set up call
connections) of the roaming subscribers in the local MSC area.

12. PTCL INTERNSHIP REPORT 2014
VLR is used to store the subscriber information of all the MSs in its local area, which can be
used to establish the incoming/outgoing call connections, to support basic services,
supplementary services and mobility management.
Home Location Register (HLR):
It is a database for mobile subscriber management, the HLR (Home Location Register) is
responsible for storing subscription information (telecom service subscription information and
subscriber status), MS location information, MDN, IMSI (MIN), etc. The AC (Authentication
Center) is physically combined with the HLR. It is a functional entity of the HLR, specially
dedicated to the security management of the CDMA system. It stores the authentication
information. It also prevents unauthorized subscribers from accessing the system and prevents
the radio interface data from being stolen.
POWER HOUSE @ PTCL:
As I am a mechanical engineerandptcl knew itsoas a goodtrainingopportunityPTCLletme to
be withthe DGSET maintenance staff forthe lasttwoweeksof mytrainingwhere Ilearnedhow these
large scale 300 to 500 kva generatorswork.
 I was allowedtosee the repairingjobgoingonto the 500 kvaDGSET at the Pak-capital
Exchange.Andthatwasa reallygoodexperience forme since Iwaswatchingthisbiggenerator
openedforthe firsttime,I learnedalotin that aboutthe AVRunit of the generator.
 Technician staff wasquithumble andthe supervisorgives me alittle lessondailyonthe working
of the generators.
 I learnedthatwhere there isthe supplyof KESCandwhere they have givengeneratorsand
batteriesconnections.
 Theytoldme thathow theymanage the loadoverKESC andsave theirgeneratorfuel inorderto
profitate ptcl.
 The safetybreakersystemwasalsoinmy learningthere,Isee thathow theyfirsttake the load
of highamperescurrentoverthe breakerandthensupplypowertothe differentdepartments.
ABOUT THE DIESEL GENERATOR OF 300 KVA:
 Cummins® heavy-duty engine - Rugged 4-cycle, industrial diesel delivers reliable power,
low emissions and fast response to load changes.

13. PTCL INTERNSHIP REPORT 2014
 Alternator - Several alternator sizes offer selectable motor starting capability with low
reactance 2/3 pitch windings, low waveform distortion with non-linear loads and fault
clearing short-circuit capability.
 Control system - The PowerCommand&reg: electronic control is standard equipment and
provides total genset system integration including automatic remote starting/stopping,
precise frequency and voltage regulation, alarm and status message display,
AmpSentry™ protection, output metering, auto-shutdown at fault detection and NFPA
110 Level 1 compliance.
 Cooling system - Standard integral set-mounted radiator system, designed and tested for
rated ambient temperatures, simplifies facility design requirements for rejected heat.
 Enclosures - Optional weather protective and sound attenuated enclosures are available.
 Fuel tanks - Dual wall sub-base fuel tanks and in-skid day tanks are also offered.
 NFPA - The genset accepts full rated load in a single step in accordance with NFPA 110
for Level 1 systems.
 Warranty and service - Backed by a comprehensive warranty and worldwide distributor
network.
Reference;
http://www.reporterpk.net/2013/08/15/ptcl-experia-internship-program-concludes-on-a-high-note/
http://commerceplus.blogspot.com/2010/07/internship-report-on-ptcl.html
https://www.google.com.pk/search?q=cdma+architecture+overview&tbm=isch&imgil=tSXQnPnzy9ZWn
M%253A%253BUbctGMihOhePGM%253Bhttp%25253A%25252F%25252Fwww3.alcatel-
lucent.com%25252Fenrich%25252Fv1i12007%25252Farticle_c4a3.html&source=iu&usg=__ZOg19Raz2xi
khsm1Ztn7cHqJKHA%3D&sa=X&ei=F834U6u7CqLmywOT04GwBQ&sqi=2&ved=0CGUQ9QEwCQ&biw=12
52&bih=580#facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=9L9-GeCFVxE8MM%253A%3B00cG1zavi8Zp-
M%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fdocstore.mik.ua%252Funivercd%252Fillus%252F8%252F74%252F81074.g
if%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fdocstore.mik.ua%252Funivercd%252Fcc%252Ftd%252Fdoc%252Fproduct
%252Fwireless%252Fmoblwrls%252Fcmx%252Fmmg_sg%252Fcmxgsm.htm%3B511%3B403
http://power.cummins.com/onanpowerWeb/navigation.do?pageId=928&parentId=533&linkName=Engi
ne%20Series