Server configuration * Web Servers * Reverse proxy * Load Balancer * Http Caching * Some MySQL tips * Some security tips

1. SERVE LIKE A BOSS (PART TWO)
Server configuration
14 Sep 2015
Hamed Nemati
@hamednz

2. WEB SERVERS
 Apache
 Nginx
 Lighttpd
 Jetty
 Gunicorn (Python)
 Unicorn (Ruby)

3. APACHE
 World's most widely used web server
 Dynamic loadable modules
 Language support: Perl, Python, PHP and ...
 It’s being used by many high traffic websites
 Easy virtual hosting

4. NGINX
 Low memory footprint
 Language support: Ruby, Python, PHP and ...
 Reverse proxy, Load balancer and HTTP cache

5. REVERSE PROXY
 Hide the existence and characteristics of an origin server or servers
 Protect against common web-based attacks, such as DOS or DDOS
 Can do SSL termination [SSL termination proxy]
 Load balancing
 Caching
 Compressing content

6. LOAD BALANCER
Without Load Balancer With Load Balancer
• HAProxy
• Nginx
• Etc.

7. HTTP CACHE
Http Cache Backend
Is
Cached?Http Request
Cache Hit
Cache Miss
Yes
No
Cache Response
Backend response

8. MYSQL VARIABLES YOU SHOULD
CARE
 innodb_buffer_pool_size
 innodb_log_file_size
 max_connections
 innodb_file_per_table
 query_cache_size
 log_bin
 skip_name_resolve

9. SOME POINTS ON MYSQL ( /ETC/MY.CNF )
Mysql Server Memory Usage = core_mysql + Sum of Global Buffers + (number of Connection * Per thread memory variables)
Global buffers include:
key_buffer_size, innodb_buffer_pool_size, innodb_additional_mem_pool_size, innodb_log_buffer_size,
query_cache_size
Each thread for client connection uses:
thread_stack, net_buffer_length, max_allowed_packet, read_buffer_size, rean_rnd_buffer_size,
tmp_table_size, sort_buffer_size
Per thread variables include:
read_buffer_size, read_rnd_buffer_size, sort_buffer_size, join_buffer_size, thread_stack, net_buffer_length,
max_allowed_packet

10. USEFUL TOOLS FOR MYSQL
 MySQLTuner-perl: http://mysqltuner.com/
 MySQL Tuning Primer: https://launchpad.net/mysql-tuning-primer
 Percona Toolkit: https://www.percona.com/doc/percona-
toolkit/2.2/index.html

11. REDIS CONF
Just never forget to set:
 maxmemory <bytes>

12. MEMCACHED CONF
Just never forget to set:
 MAXCONN="“
 CACHESIZE=""

13. SERVING REQUESTS
Backend 1
Is
Static File?Http Request
No Hit on backed
Hit From Backend
Yes
No
Backend 2
File System
Round-robin or
other scheduling
algorithms

14. PHP-FPM
 It’s an alternative PHP FastCGI implementation
 Initial configuration is strait-forward

15. PHP
 Use memcache for sessions (php.ini):
session.save_handler = memcached
session.save_path = "localhost:11211“
 Enable and config PHP’s OPCache
 PHP has 2 modules (memcache and memcached) for communication
with memcached (software), always use “memcached”

16. SECURITY!
 Install and use CSF and Fail2Ban, else I assure you the pain is coming.
 Always run ‘mysql_secure_installation’ after MySQL installation

17. ENDED, BUT NOT FINISHED
Follow your dreams, but care to eat less before dreaming.

18. HAMED NEMATI
 hamed@atbox.io
 @hamednz
 New Idea Game Studio