Britain's political and governmental development AP Comparative government

1. G reat B ritain The Impact of the Past on the Development of the British Political System

2. The British Isles is a group of islands off the northwest coast of continental Europe. They are bounded on the west by the Atlantic Ocean, the Celtic Sea, St. George’s Channel, the Irish Sea and Ireland. to the north . . . the North Sea, to the south, the English Channel

4. CONSTITUENT COUNTRIES OF THE BRITISH ISLES The British Isles comprise Great Britain, Ireland, and a number of smaller islands (Isle of Man & Channel Islands). Two sovereign states located in the islands: The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland + The Republic of Ireland

5. THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy composed of 4 constituent countries England Scotland Wales & Northern Ireland.

6. British Isles / UK / Britain / England

7. THE UNION JACK The Union Flag (also known as the Union Jack ) is the national flag of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland . Its design includes the flags of England Scotland Ireland

8. ENGLAND England the largest and most populous constituent country of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Capital : London. Flag : St. George’s cross.

9. S COTLAND Scotland is one of the four constituent countries of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Capital : Edinburgh. Flag : Cross of Saint Andrew.

10. WALES Wales is one of four constituent countries of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Capital : Cardiff. Flag : the red dragon of Prince Cadwalader plus the Tudor colours .

11. T HE R EPUBLIC OF I RELAND The Republic of Ireland is a member of the European Union. Capital : Dublin. Flag : Green, white, orange.

12. NORTHERN IRELAND Northern Ireland – The Irish province of Ulster remains occupied as Northern Ireland , still a part of the United Kingdom and 1 of 4 constituent countries of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Capital : Belfast. Flag : the Union Flag is the official flag. . . Wanna fight about it?

13. Britannia Insulae Est

14. From Shakespeare’s Richard III : This other Eden, demi-paradise, This fortress built by Nature for herself Against infection and the hand of war, This happy breed of men, this little world, This precious stone set in the silver sea, Which serves it in the office of a wall, Or as a moat defensive to a house, Against the envy of less happier lands, This blessed plot, this earth, this realm, this England ,

16. T RADITION P ERMEATES B RITISH POLITICS The Opening of Parliament – Black Rod & the Slammed Door Pageantry, history, & legitimacy

17. Members of House of Commons are each year summoned to Lord’s Chamber to hear the Queen’s commands to Parliament for the next year’s session in “ Queen’s Speech from the Throne ”

19. A yearly drama reminding Britons of where Power resides . . . King ? or Commons?

25. Celtic Britain : Britons Scots Welsh Irish Cornish

26. Celtic tribes of Britain

27. Celtic Britain

30. The Lord's Prayer in Olde English Matthew 6:9-13 Fæder ure þu þe eart on heofonum ; Father our thou that art in heavens Si þin nama gehalgod be thy name hallowed to becume þin rice come thy kingdom gewurþe ðin willa be-done thy will on eorðan swa swa on heofonum. on earth as in heavens urne gedæghwamlican hlaf syle us todæg our dailybread give us today and forgyf us ure gyltas and forgive us our sins swa swa we forgyfað urum gyltendum as we forgive those- who have-sinned-against-us and ne gelæd þu us on costnunge and not lead thou us into temptation ac alys us of yfele. soþlice but deliver us from evil. truly.

33. Norman England Norman Conquest brought Wm's own nobility & a plan to organize & govern England * William replaced the entire English ruling class w/Norman nobles and his rule was backed by brutal military power and much better administration plan

34. Norman England and so political stability & centralization were brought to England relatively early: earlier than in continental Europe * however, while sovereign power resided in the Monarch, British Kings were still expected to consult w/the earls, barons, and leading clergymen (i.e., nobility) in order to declare laws and levy taxes

47. Good Queen Bess Elizabeth I

48. * Eventually the tensions b/n the institutions boiled over, as the efforts of the Stuarts (Charles I and James II) to centralize authority in the 1600s led to all out war b/n Crown & Parliament * Charles I took England to unsuccessful wars w/Spain and France which increased his desperation for $ and he tried to levy taxes w/o consent of the Parliament

49. Charles I (1625-1649) English Civil War (1642-48) "who should rule the country?" Parliamentarians vs. Royalists

52. Charles I beheaded by Parliament

54. The English Bill of Rights To prevent abuse of power by William & Mary and all future monarchs, Parliament, in 1689, drew up a list of provisions to which Wm & Mary had to agree .

55. This document, the English Bill of Rights, prohibited a standing army in peacetime, except with the consent of Parliament required that all parliamentary elections be free. Monarch's authority, only with consent of Parliament guarantees right to a fair trial, freedom from excessive bail and protection from cruel and unusual punishment. Our nation has built on, changed, & added to those ideas and institutions that settlers brought here from England.

62. Industrial Era start of the modern party-political system Liberally-minded Whigs gradually organised themselves into the Liberal Party those holding more conservative views – nicknamed “ Tories” by their liberal opponents (Tory was a term of abuse by the late 18 th century) – organised themselves into the Conservative Party and gradually adopted term “Tory” for themselves

65. The Great Reform Act of 1832 created a uniform franchise in the boroughs, giving the vote to all householders who paid a yearly rental of £10 or more and some lodgers Expanded franchise among middle class 7% of adult Brits could vote House of Commons to represent masses 2 nd Reform Act 1867 2X electorate to 16% 3 rd Reform Act 1884 nearly universal male suffrage

67. When the Houses of Parliament burnt down in 1834, Queen Adelaide openly spoke of it being God's just punishment for passing the Great Reform Act

69. Women’s suffrage Emmiline Pankhurst, suffragette leader, used arson and window smashing to further their cause - “breaking glass is the most eloquent argument in politics.”

70. Emmeline Pankhurst being arrested in 1914

72. WWII & Churchill

77. PM Margaret Thatcher - Conservative Prime Minister of the UK from 1979 to 1990

78. PM Tony Blair – New Labour Prime Minister 1990 - 2007

79. Current PM Gordon Brown 2007-