The document discusses 5 common abbreviations related to the urinary system: BNO (bladder neck obstruction), Cath (catheterization), CC (clean catch urine specimen), EU (excretory urography), and UTI (urinary tract infection). It provides details on each abbreviation, including causes, symptoms, diagnostic tests, treatment options, and prevention methods. The abbreviations cover various conditions and procedures involving the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Complications are also outlined, such as infections from catheterization.
2. Urinary System The urinary system or genitourinary system is a combination of two kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra, and nephrons that work together to produce, store, and eliminate urine. Sometimes if one or more of the organs are not working people can develop illnesses and diseases. To detect if someone has an illness there are diagnostic procedures which can include laboratory tests. Some abbreviations that represent illnesses and diagnostic procedures are: BNO, Cath, CC, EU, and UTI. (I’m going to explain in detail BNO, Cath, CC, EU, and UTI.)
4. Bladder Neck Obstruction(BNO) “ Blockage of the bladder outlet. Often caused by an enlarged prostate gland in males.” Is a condition where the neck of the bladder does not open completely during voiding. BNO occurs mostly in 50 year old males frequently after being diagnose with prostate or had previous history of bladder stones. Also, BNO occurs due to previous history of bladder tumors, pelvic tumors, or urethral scar tissue. BNO symptoms in male are abdominal pain, slow urine flow, frequency, urgency, incontinence, and incomplete emptying when voiding.
5. Treatment for Bladder Neck Obstruction(BNO) If BNO if is not detected in the early stage it can develop into bladder cancer. The urology or physician might recommend some laboratory tests to determine the cause of BNO. Those laboratory tests include cystoscopy (x-ray to look inside urethral,) urinalysis (to look for urine infection,) and uroflowmetry (to know how fast urine flows.) Treatment for BNO is a Foley Catherer which is a tube inserted into the bladder or surgery.
7. Catheterization(Cath) “Catheterization is the insertion of a tube through the urethra and into the urinary bladder purpose of withdrawing urine or insertion dye.” There are different types of catheters such as; Foley, Robinson, Coude, irrigation, and external Texas. Catheterization is use for people that are going to have surgery, or people that can’t use a bedpan. Intermittent catheterization is performed four times a day for patients with urinary incontinence. Nonintermittent catheterization it remains inserted till patients can control his/her bladder. Complications of catheterization can include incontinence, trauma to bladder, and infections that can cause fever and inflammation.
9. Clean Catch Urine Specimen(CC) “Is a urine sample obtained after cleaning off the urinary opening and catching or collecting a urine sample in midstream (halfway through the urination process to minimize contamination from the genitalia.” Is a typical urine test where a nurse ore physician gives the patient a cup where patient has to put his or her urine. Is called clean catch for the reason that before patient can urinate in the cup there are steps to follow.
10. Instructions for a Clean Catch Urine Specimen Test First step for a patient prior to this test is to wash or wipe genital area with a kit that the doctor might give that would include cleansing solution and sterile wipes. Women should wash between vagina lips. Patient should let genital area dry. Patient should urinate a little in the toilet then urinate in the cup or container. All of this is to prevent bacteria into getting into the urine test. Results of this test can indicate excessive amount of red blood cells, white blood cells, protein, and kidney or bladder infection.
12. Excretory Urography(EU) “Injection dye into the bloodstream and then taking an x-ray to trace the action of the kidney as it excretes the dye.” The dye that is used for this test is called iodine-base contrast. This test evaluate the kidneys, urinary tract and bladder. Medicine is given through IV. This test detects tumors in the upper urinary tract, bladder cancer, blood in the urine, and pain. At the end of the exam patient has to urinate to eliminate the dye and follow a diet with a lot of fluids. As the dye is injected patient might feel a burning sensation, headaches, nausea, and vomiting. The dye might cause an allergic reaction to the patient.
14. Urinary Tract Infection(UTI) “Infection, usually from bacteria, of any organ of the urinary system. Most often begins with cystitis and may ascend into the ureters and kidneys. Most common in women because of their shorter urethra.” Escherichia coli is the most common agent for infection. Urine contains salts and waste products that kill bacteria but once bacteria multiplies in the bladder or kidney it might cause UTI. Symptoms of UTI are; pain and burning when urinate, feeling to urinate frequently and not a lot of urine comes out, bloated stomach, urine has bad odor, pain in one side under the ribs, fevers, chills, nausea, and vomiting.
15. Ways to prevent Urinary Tract Infections Drink a lot of water 6-8 cups of 8oz every day. Drink cranberry juice Urinate often Women should urinate after intercourse to prevent UTI. If diagnose with UTI Take full dose of antibiotics to kill bacteria to prevent future UTIs.
