1. The standard molar volume is the volume occupied by 1 mole of an ideal gas at standard temperature and pressure (STP), which is defined as 0°C and 1 atmosphere of pressure. The standard molar volume is 22.4 L.
2. Gases are measured in moles, with 1 mole containing 6.02 x 1023 gas particles. Equal amounts of gases in moles occupy the same volume at the same temperature and pressure conditions.
3. The ideal gas law relates the pressure (P), volume (V), amount of gas (n), temperature (T), and gas constant (R). It can be used to calculate any one variable if the others are known.
2. II. Standard Molar Volume(don’t copy) Objectives: know that the standard molar volume of a gas = 22.4 L at STP. know standard temperature = 0 ˚C. know that standard pressure = 1 atm. calculate the volumes of samples of gases at STP.
3. II. Standard Molar Volume(don’t copy) The mole is the SI unit for amount of substance. The mole is used to measure amounts of solids. The mole is used to measure amounts of substance dissolved in liquids. The mole is used to measure amounts of gases.
4. II. Standard Molar Volume(don’t copy) 1 mole of any substance contains an Avogadro’s number of either atoms, ions, or molecules. Example 1: 1 mole He = 6.02 x 1023 He atoms Example 2: 1 mole N2 = 6.02 x 1023 N2 molecules
5. II. Standard Molar Volume Equal amounts of gases, in moles, occupy the same volume under the same temperature and pressure conditions.
6. II. Standard Molar Volume Standard Molar Volume 1 mole of any gas will occupy 22.4 L of volume at STP. STP = standard temperature and pressure conditions. T = 0 ˚C P = 1 atm
7. II. Standard Molar Volume(don’t copy) 1 mole of any gas will occupy the same volume at STP: 1 mole He = 22.4 L He 1 mole O2 = 22.4 L O2 1 mole N2 = 22.4 L N2 1 mole Ar = 22.4 L Ar 1 mole CO2 = 22.4 L CO2
8. II. Standard Molar Volume The standard molar volume equality, 1 mole (any gas) = 22.4 L (any gas), is used as a conversion when calculating quantities of gases in chemical changes.
10. III. The Ideal Gas Law(don’t copy) Objectives: know the units for each quantity of the ideal gas law equation. calculate the pressures, volumes, temperatures, and amounts of gases by the ideal gas law equation.
11. III. The Ideal Gas Law The following must be specified to fully describe the state or condition of any sample of gas: moles of gas temperature of the gas pressure of the gas volume of the gas
12. III. The Ideal Gas Law The Ideal Gas Law equation: PV = nRT P = pressure in units of atmospheres (atm) V = volume in units of liters (L) n = amount of gas in moles (mol) R = molar gas constant; R = 0.0281 L atm / mol K T = temperature in Kelvin (K)
13. III. The Ideal Gas Law Given: PV= nRT Derive an equation solving for volume.
14. III. The Ideal Gas Law Given: PV= nRT Derive an equation solving for pressure.
15. III. The Ideal Gas Law Given: PV= nRT Derive an equation solving for temperature.
