2. About Abu Bakr
• Abu Bakr was a merchant. He freed many slaves and
participated in all of the Prophet (pbuh)’s battles along
side him.
• Abu Bakr loved his faith more than anything else. So
much to the point that he said to his son, who fought
with the disbelievers, “Son if I had you once under my
sword, you would have been no more”
• Abu Bakr was the first Khalifa who was appointed by the
majority after the Prophet (pbuh)’s death.
• Abu Bakr was considered the best successor to the
Prophet (pbuh) due to how close he was to the him and
his wise-ness. He was also the first amongst the Prophet
(pbuh)’s friends to accept Islam.
3. About Abu Bakr
• After he was elected to be the successor of the Prophet
(pbuh) he said to the people: “Obey me as long as I
obey Allah (swt) and his messenger (pbuh). If I disobey
Allah (swt) and his messenger (pbuh) then you are free
to disobey me” which showed his honesty and his
loyalty towards Allah (swt) and his messenger (pbuh)
and Islam as a whole.
• His loyalty to Allah (Swt) and his messenger (pbuh) is
again shown when he donated all his belongings to the
War Fund and was asked by the Prophet (pbuh) what
he had left for his family, to which he replied “Allah
(Swt) and his messenger (pbuh)
4. Abu Bakr’s reign
• Abu Bakr’s rule lasted 2 years and 3 months (632-634)
• One of the first tasks Abu Bakr was handed was to restore order
amongst the new Muslims who could not get used to their faith and
were in the thought that the Islamic state would crumble because
of the Prophet (pbuh)’s death and they refused to pay Zakah. Abu
Bakr then clarified that Zakah is the duty of every Muslim and they
must abide by these rules.
• Abu Bakr also had to deal with imposters who claimed they were
prophets. Tolaihah, Musailimah, Malik bin Nuwairah. Aswad al-Ansi
and Sajah, who was a women, claimed they were prophets and this
lead to a great deal of confusion. Abu Bakr sent Khalid bin Walid to
deal with these imposters and they were eventually killed.
• Abu Bakr’s swift and bold steps saved the Islamic state from the
threat of chaos and confusion.
5. Abu Bakr’s reign
• Abu Bakr then had to deal with the Persian empire, who’s emperor
tore up a letter from the Prophet (pbuh) and then demanded that the
Prophet (pbuh) be arrested. The persian emperor was then murdered
by his son and Iraq fell in to chaos and disorder. Abu Bakr then sent
Muthanna to take action against the persian empire. The Muslim army
eventually took over vast areas of the Persian empire in several
battles.
• Abu Bakr’s next task involved the Roman empire who were causing
trouble on the Islamic states north western borders. Abu Bakr
dispatched four separate armies to deal with the romans and they
would eventually defeat them during the next Khalifa (Umar’s) reign.
• Abu Bakr fell ill during the fight with the Romans and died in 634.
• Abu Bakr lead a simple, pious and upright life. He was a true servant
of Allah (Swt) and meticulous follower of the Prophet (pbuh)
6. About Umar
• When Abu Bakr fell ill, he consulted the senior companions of the
Prophet (pbuh) who then agreed that Umar will be the second
Khalifah of the Muslims.
• Umar was the son of Khattab and is known in Islam as ‘Al-Faruq’
which translated means ‘the one who distinguishes right from
wrong’
• His acceptance of Islam came when he went to hit his sister
because she was Muslim, he then heard recitations of the Qur’an
and was amazed and decided to revert to Islam.
• Umar was described as a very brave and straight forward person
who was tough in his attitude and uncompromising in basic
principles.
• He was a great and talented ruler and during his reign, the Islamic
State expanded greatly.
7. About Umar
• Umar was said to be a strong disciplinarian.
This was shown when he noticed the
popularity of Khalid, the commander in chief
of the Muslims forces and feared that people
may think too highly of him. He then replaced
him with Abu Ubaidah. Another reason he did
this was to make it clear that no one was
indispensable and victory in war was due to
Allah (swt)’s help.
8. Umar’s reign
• Umars first task was to finish the fight with the
Persians, which Abu Bakr was in the midst of
doing before he fell ill.
• Umar sent his new commander in chief Abu
Ubaidah to deal with the Persians and he did so
by defeating both Persian columns. However, due
to the Persian’s higher numbers, they managed to
send reinforcements and then defeat the
Muslims.
• Umar then raised another army which then lead
to victory against the Persian’s.
9. Umar’s reign
• Muslims laid siege to Damascus during Abu-Bakr’s reign and
continued this in Umar’s reign, after Abu Bakr’s death.
• Umar’s commander in chief Khalid took the Romans by surprise and
entered the city. He then made the governor surrender and a peace
treaty was signed.
• During the Khalifa of Umar, a number of areas under the Roman
and Persian empire and the whole of Egypt were brought under
Islamic rule.
• Umar died after being stabbed by a Persian non-Muslim named
Firoz who complained about tax to Umar, to which Umar saw
nothing wrong with. He then stabbed Umar at the next dawn prayer
with a dagger, six times. Umar died three days later in 644 CE.
• Umar was a gifted orator who was always concerned for the welfare
of people under his rule and left a memorable legacy for Muslims
after him.
