Mais conteúdo relacionado Shoot Like A Pro (with a camera built for amateurs)1. All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
Shoot Like a Pro
(with a camera built for amateurs)
Taking interesting photos
suitable for publication
2. All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
What you’ll learn
• Basic concepts
– What’s a photograph
– How photos get from your camera to paper
• Setting resolution
• “Seeing” a good photo
• Using your camera to capture it
– Smartphone, iPad, point-and-shoot
• Uploading your photos to the Observer
4/4/2013 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 3
3. All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
Basic concepts
4/4/2013 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 4
4. All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
Basic concepts: What’s a photograph
• Light is focused, condensed through a lens
• Captured on a light-sensitive surface
4/4/2013 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 5
5. All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
Basic concepts: What’s a photograph
• Only real variable: How much light gets in
• 2 ways to control it
4/4/2013 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 6
6. All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
Basic concepts: What’s a photograph
• Only real variable: How much light gets in
• 2 ways to control it
– Size of the aperture
4/4/2013 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 7
7. All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
Basic concepts: What’s a photograph
• Only real variable: How much light gets in
• 2 ways to control it
– Size of the aperture
– Length of time aperture is open
4/4/2013 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 8
8. All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
Basic concepts: What’s a photograph
• Length of time affects ability to stop motion
• Controlled by shutter speed
– 100s or 1,000s of a second
– Low shutter speed: moving objects blur
– High shutter speed: moving objects freeze
4/4/2013 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 9
9. All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
Basic concepts: What’s a photograph
• Size of aperture affects focal plane
– i.e. depth of field
• Controlled by F-stop / aperture
High number/ Low number/
smaller aperture larger aperture
4/4/2013 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 10
10. All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
Basic concepts: Printed photos
• A printing press is like a computer: it only knows
on and off
– A space on the page either has ink or it doesn’t
– Black ink is never gray; it’s just black
• Half-tone process overcomes this limitation when
printing photos
– Photos are rendered using “half-tone” process
– Optical illusion – recreates image as a series of dots
4/4/2013 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 11
11. All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
Half tones
• Pre-digital
– Created by re-photographing picture through a
screen
• Digital
– Created in
Photoshop or
prepress
software
Image: graphicdesign.spokanefalls.edu
4/4/2013 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 12
12. All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
Mastering Resolution
4/4/2013 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 13
13. All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
Resolution
• A technical issue – not artistic
• It’s the amount of data in a photo
– More data = more flexibility in using the photo
– More data = more memory
• Must reconcile 3 data storage technologies
– Digital cameras store data in pixels
– Computers store data in bytes
– Printed paper stores data in dots
4/4/2013 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 14
14. All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
Digital camera
• Captures image on electronic screen
– Unlike analog photography, it’s not a “true” image
– Image translated into pixels
– A 5 MP photo (i.e. 5 million pixels) is
2592 p x 1944 p
– iPhone 4: 8 MP
– Nikon Coolpix S6200 ($119): 16 MP
4/4/2013 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 15
15. All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
Digital photo
• You choose resolution when photo is shot
• Typical settings
– High/Medium/Low
– Large/Small
– Actual photo dimensions
• You choose resolution again when moving photo
from camera to computer
• Once removed, information is gone forever
4/4/2013 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 16
16. All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
Digital photo
•Originally
photographed
at 4 MP
•Stored at
593 kb
(1/2 MB)
•Already too
low for print;
original was
≈2MB
4/4/2013 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 17
17. All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
Digital photo
•Originally
photographed
at 4 MP
•Scraped from
a web page
•33 kb
4/4/2013 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 18
18. All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
Resolution
• When a photo is SIZED digitally by dragging on
screen:
– The number of pixels stays the same
– Resolution decreases/increases as it’s sized
• When a photo is SAVED at a smaller size:
– Most software (e-mail clients, websites, etc) will
reduce the number of pixels – resulting in loss of
resolution
– It’s because their goal is to save on memory
4/4/2013 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 19
19. All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
Resolution
• Websites/computer screens reproduce at the
equivalent of 72 DPI
• Newspapers print at 300 DPI
– “Dot gain” reduces clarity
– Colors lose brilliance
• Glossy magazines print at 720 dots per inch
(DPI)
4/4/2013 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 20
20. All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
Online
4/4/2013 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 21
21. All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
Newspaper
4/4/2013 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 22
22. All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
High-end magazine
4/4/2013 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 23
23. All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
Resolution Takeaways
• Shoot photos at highest resolution
• Store photos at highest resolution
• Understand how printing process will
compromise photos
– Colors lose brilliance
– Images lose clarity
• Don’t even think about printing a photo
scraped from a website; it won’t work.
4/4/2013 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 24
24. All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
Rules of Thumb
• A photo needs to be 1-6 MB
• Maximum printable size (in inches) of a digital
image in a typical newspaper:
– File dimension in pixels ÷ 200
– Example:
• Your photo is 1,000p tall x 1,400p wide (1.4 MP)
• 1,000 ÷ 200 = 5
• 1,400 ÷ 200 = 7
• The photo will print acceptably at up to 5” x 7”
4/4/2013 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 25
25. All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
Seeing a good photo
Before you actually take it
4/4/2013 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 26
26. All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
Seeing a good photo
Newspaper photos aren’t snapshots
• Snapshots are souvenirs
• Newspaper photos tell a story
4/4/2013 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 27
27. All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
Seeing a photo
• Key components of photo
– Subject
– Everything else
Most people give all their attention to the subject
and none to everything else.
The key to notable photos is to pay most attention
to everything else.
4/4/2013 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 28
28. All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
Seeing a photo
• The subject
– Large
– Interesting
– Colorful
– Not centered in frame
4/4/2013 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 29
29. All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
Seeing a good: Subject
4/4/2013 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 30
30. All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
Seeing a photo: Subject
4/4/2013 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 31
31. All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
Seeing a photo: Subject
4/4/2013 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 32
32. All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
Seeing a photo: Subject
Nobody wants to see this
4/4/2013 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 33
33. All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
Seeing a photo: Subject
4/4/2013 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 34
34. All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
Seeing a photo
• Key components of photo
– Subject
– Everything else
4/4/2013 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 35
35. All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
Seeing a photo
• Lighting
• Composition
The only aspect that
• Foreground/Background requires making
adjustments to camera
• Lines & Patterns settings
• Framing/Orientation
4/4/2013 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 36
36. All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
Seeing a photo: Lighting
• Lighting
– Where is the light source
• Above/font of subject: post card
• Behind subject: backlight (shadowy/moody)
• Side: intensity
– Look at the shadows
• Long v. short (long is more dramatic)
• Vertical (connects foreground w/ background)
• Horizontal / diagonal (creates balance/interest)
4/4/2013 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 37
37. All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
Seeing a photo: Lighting
4/4/2013 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 38
38. All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
Seeing a photo: Lighting
4/4/2013 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 39
39. All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
Seeing a photo: Lighting
4/4/2013 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 40
40. All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
Seeing aphoto: Composition
• Rule of thirds
Photographer
unknown
4/4/2013 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 41
41. All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
Seeing a photo: Composition
• Rule of thirds
Photographer
unknown
4/4/2013 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 42
42. All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
Seeing a photo: Fore/background
• Foreground/Background
– Narrow
focal
plane
4/4/2013 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 43
43. All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
Seeing a photo: Fore/background
• Foreground/Background
• Wide
focal
plane
4/4/2013 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 44
44. All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
Seeing a photo: Fore/background
• Foreground/Background
– Look for the unusual
and interesting
4/4/2013 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 45
45. All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
Seeing a photo: Fore/background
• Foreground/Background
– Blend foreground and
background
4/4/2013 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 46
46. All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
Seeing a photo: Lines
• Look for patterns of lines
– Converging
Photo by Jennifer Kuhel;
taken with an iPad
4/4/2013 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 47
47. All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
Seeing a photo: Lines
• Look for patterns and textures
4/4/2013 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 48
48. All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
Seeing a photo: Lines
• Look for the letter Z
4/4/2013 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 49
49. All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
Seeing a photo: Lines
• Look for patterns of lines
– Z-pattern
4/4/2013 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 50
50. All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
Seeing a photo: Framing
• Framing/Orientation
– Use objects to create a frame within a frame
4/4/2013 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 51
51. All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
Seeing a photo: Framing
• Framing/Orientation
– Use objects to create a frame within a frame
4/4/2013 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 52
52. All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
Seeing a photo: Orientation
• Framing/Orientation
– Don’t feel bound by horizontal, vertical, eye-level
4/4/2013 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 53
53. All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
Using your camera
4/4/2013 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 54
54. All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
Using your camera
• Your point-and-shoot is capable of great
things
• But it’s set to take snapshots and postcards
– Auto focuses on center of frame
– Defaults to wide depth of field
– Auto-flash eliminates shadows
4/4/2013 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 55
55. All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
Using your camera
• How to get it to do more
– Hold it still (keep elbows in)
– Turn off auto flash
– Explore settings
Still Life with iPhone Grid
4/4/2013 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 56
56. All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
Using your camera
• Most cameras allow selective focus/metering
– Point camera at
subject; hold
shutter half-way
down, reframe
photo
• Experiment w/
scene settings
iPhone “selective focus”
4/4/2013 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 57
57. All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
Using your camera
• When possible, use manual settings
to adjust shutter or F-stop
– For narrow focal plane
• Open aperture/F-stop
• If manual isn’t available,
use “scenes” or “modes”
– Portrait
– Party
– Dusk/Dawn
• Anything designed to let in a lot of natural light at
expense of shutter speed
4/4/2013 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 58
58. All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
Uploading to the Observer
4/4/2013 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 59
59. All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
Uploading to the Observer
4/4/2013 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 60
60. All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
Uploading to the Observer
4/4/2013 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 61
61. All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
Uploading to the Observer
•Populate Title, Category.
•You can leave “Article”
section blank.
•Then scroll to bottom
4/4/2013 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 62
62. All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
Uploading to the Observer
4/4/2013 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 63
63. All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
Uploading to the Observer
Look for
upload
counter
4/4/2013 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 64
64. All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
Uploading to the Observer
4/4/2013 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 65
65. All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
Reward yourself
4/4/2013 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 66
66. All photos by Bob Rosenbaum except where noted
Resources
• Resources abound online. Here are a few:
• How a digital camera works
– https://sites.google.com/site/photomedic1/how-does-the-digital-
camera-work
• Photo composition
– http://digital-photography-school.com/digital-photography-
composition-tips
– http://www.photographymad.com/pages/view/10-top-photography-
composition-rules
– http://www.digitalcameraworld.com/2012/04/12/10-rules-of-photo-
composition-and-why-they-work/
• iPhone
– http://www.grumblesandgrunts.com/2013/01/how-to-best-iphone-
camera-tips-tricks.html
4/4/2013 © 2013 www.themarketfarm.com Permission required for use 67