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World war i 1
1. World War I
“The Great War”
--the war to end all wars--
1914-1918
#22
2. All Quiet on the Western Front
-US History HonorsErich Maria Remarque - Author
Book – 1929
Banned & Burned in NAZI Germany
Motion Pictures 1930/1977/NOW
5. WW I – More people died in one battle
than in our entire Civil War
6. Four Main Causes of WW I
1) Nationalism – Strong feelings people have for
their own country
Americans feeling when watching Olympics:
Michael Phelps wins Gold
“Extreme Pride for your own country”
Europe was a small place
with many Developed
& Competing Countries
8. 2) Imperialism – The struggle or competition
for colonies around the world
9. 3) International Rivalries
The nations of Europe wanted to weaken their rivals
and strengthen alliances
• Many countries in a small location
• Build Armies for Defense & Strength
• This leads to a great “Arms Race”
Example
1) Germany’s new navy challenged
Britain's long standing naval supremacy
2) Germany’s disciplined army scared its
neighbors France & Russia
10. The Dreadnought Battleship
-the most powerful war machine on earth
• Br. Started building & Gr.
quickly followed
• Started the “Arms Race”
11. Militarism & Arms Race
Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger.,
A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.]
in millions
1870
1880
1890
1900
1910
1914
94
130
154
268
289
398
1910-1914 Increase in Defense
Expenditures
France
10%
Britain
13%
Russia
39%
Germany
73%
12.
13. 4) System of Alliances
•
•
Attempt by each country to gain security through
alliances
tried to find – “Balance of Power”
Many Alliances were done in secrecy
- other countries didn’t know what side you were on
“entangling alliances”
Two Main Alliances
1) Triple Entente – GB,FR,Russia (Allies)
2) Central Powers – GR, A-H,Otoman Empire
14. The Major Players: 1914-17
Central Powers:
Allied Powers:
Nicholas II
[Rus]
Wilhelm II [Ger]
George V [Br]
Franz Josef [A-H]
Victor Emmanuel
II [It]
Pres. Poincare [Fr]
Enver Pasha
[O.E/Turkey]
22. Chain of Events Take Place
•
•
•
•
•
A-H declares war on Serbia/ July 28, 1914
Russia comes to the aid of Serbia
Germany declares war on Russia & Fr.
Britain stays neutral until Gr. Attacks Fr.
Italy is drawn in by Allies – land from A-H
The USA - Neutral
28. Two Front War Develops
in Europe
1) Eastern Front
Gr. & A-H push deep into Russia - then slows
2) Western Front
Gr. Attacks France through Belgium
1st Battle of the Marne
- Allies stop the Gr. Offensive just outside of
Paris as the attack bogs down
Trench War – Stalemate (attack-retreat)
31. Major Trench Battles in WWI
1) Battle of Verdun (Feb-July 1916)
A sacred place for the French
“Battle of Attrition”
1 million men – killed/wounded/missing
2) Battle of the Somme (July-Nov 1916)
started to take pressure off of Verdun
60,000 Br. Casualties in one day
1 million killed
43. Development of Pilates
• Joseph Pilates – Born in Germany
• Wanted to help injured soldiers regain
confidence & control of their lives after
suffering debilitating injuries on the Front
• This became the core strengthening workout
used today
51. The three main types of
Poison Gas
Chlorine - a greenish, yellow heavier than air gas which in its
pure form is an oxidizing agent. This means that it will react in the
presence of water to cause a chemical burning effect on organic
matter.
Phosgene - a colorless, odorless, heavier than air gas formed
by heating carbon tetrachloride. It is highly poisonous in that it
will preferentially replace oxygen in the cells and quickly causes
an oxygen debt within the body, unconsciousness and death.
Mustard gas -
gas with a distinctive mustard smell, it causes
blistering and huge sores on any exposed tissue, internal or
external.
69. The Flying Aces of World War I
Eddie
Rickenbacher, US
Francesco
Barraco, It.
Willy Coppens de
Holthust, Belg.
Rene Pauk
Fonck, Fr.
Eddie “Mick”
Mannoch, Br.
Manfred von
Richtoffen, Ger.
[The {Red Baron}”]
71. 'Who are they? What are they?' asked Sam shuddering, turning to Frodo. 'I don't
know,' said Frodo in a dreamlike voice. 'But I have seen them too. In the pools
when the candles were lit. They lie in all the pools, pale faces, deep under the dark
water. I saw them: grim faces and evil, and noble faces and sad. Many faces proud
and fair. But all foul, all rotting, all dead. A fell light is in them.' Frodo hid his eyes
in his hands. 'I know not who they are…'
"Yes, yes,' said Gollum. 'All dead, all rotten…There was a great battle long ago....‘
- J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings
72. The Cause of the First World War
& Map - Homework
• Answer the 10 Questions on sheet of paper
• Include the 6 Questions from the WWI Map
Due ______________
73. WW I – Film – NOT THIS YEAR
Identify the following from the film :
1. Otto Dix
2. “The Furnace”- The Battle of Verdun
3. Pals
4. The Battle of the Somme
5. Motion Picture – The Battle of the Somme