Prevalence of Physical Activity and Barriers to Physical Activity Among Yerevan Adult Population
1. PHYSICAL ACTIVITY PREVALENCE AND BARRIERS TO PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AMONG YEREVAN ADULT POPULATION (2007) Liana Hakobyan, MD, MPH CRRC Publication Research Fellowship June, 3 2008
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11. Dependent Variable: physical activity level Mode of Measurement Scale 1=Health Enhancing Physical activity level Any of the following two criteria: - Vigorous-intensity activity on at least 3 days and accumulating at least 1500 MET-minutes/ week OR - 7 or more days of any combination of walking, moderate-intensity or vigorous-intensity activities achieving a minimum of at least 3000 MET-minutes/week. 0= Inactive/Minimally active - No activity is reported OR - Some activity is reported but not enough to meet category 1 Dichotomous 1=Health Enhancing Physical activity level 0=Inactive/ Minimally active
12. Independent Variables Variable Mode of Measurement Scale 1. Gender Dichotomous 1=Female, 0=Male 2. Age What was your age on your last birthday? Continuous 3. Educational level What is your level of education? Ordinal 1= Incomplete / complete secondary 2= College 3= U niversity/ Postgraduate
13. Independent Variables (cont.) Variable Mode of Measurement Scale 4. Income level ( proxy - monthly household expenditures) On average how much money does your household spend monthly? Ordinal 1= Below 35, 000 AMD 2= 35,000 to 70,000 3= 70, 001 to 130 , 000 4=130 , 001 to 200 , 000 5 = More than 200 001 5. Occupation Are you occupied? Dichotomous 1=Yes, 0=No 6. Marital status What is your marital status? Nominal 1 = Single 2= Married 3= Divorced 4=Widowed
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16. # Quarter Community (Hamaynk) # of people aged 18-65 year-old living in Hamanynk # of people aged 18-65 year-old according to sample size 1 Malatia-Sebastia 93,041 61 2 Nor-Nork 90,848 61 3 Shengavit 87,646 56 4 Arabkir 84,330 51 5 Kentron 82,651 51 6 Erebuni 75,326 46 7 Achapnyak 67,517 41 8 Kanaker-Zeytun 49,567 31 9 Avan 31,403 26 10 Davidashen 26,026 20 11 Nork-Marash 7,078 10 12 Nubarashen 5,783 6 Total 701,216 460
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22. Calculation of Metabolic Equivalents TYPE OF ACTIVITY MET AMOUNT Walking 3.3 Moderate intensity activity 4.0 Vigorous intensity activity 8.0 Total MET-min/week = (Walk METs x min x days) + ( Mod METs x min x days) + (Vig METs x min x days) * To calculate the weekly physical activity (MET-hours), we multiplied the number of hours, dedicated to each activity by the specific MET score of each activity. Ainnsworth et al. (1993)
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26. Results: 1. Response to the survey Number Percent Persons Interviewed (Completed interviews) 369 80% Persons Interviewed (Partial interviews) 0 0 Persons Refused 61 13 Non-reached* * people of unknown eligibility who theoretically could be reached during the period of the survey 30 7 Total 460 100
27. Results: 2. Distribution of Sample Characteristics Characteristics Category % of sample representatives Age Mean ± standard deviation 39 yrs-old ± 14 Gender Male : female 24 : 76 Education Secondary 19 College 32 University / postgrad 48 Occupation Unoccupied : occupied 62 : 38 Expenditures per month (as a proxy for income), AMD < 70,000 8 70,001-130,000 17 130,001-200,000 22 >200,001 17 Marital status Single 24 Married 69 Divorced 3 Widowed 3
28. Results: 2. Distribution of Sample Characteristics (cont.) Characteristics Category % of sample representatives Health status Excellent 6 Very good 5 Good 36 Moderate 48 Poor 4 Weight Too skinny 4 Normal 68 Slightly overweight 23 Overweight 4 Smoking status Smoking : not smoking 20 : 79 # of cigarettes Mean ± st. deviation (range) 20 ± 16 (2-99) # of people in the household Mean ± st. deviation (range) 4 ± 2 (1-13)
29. Results: 3. Physical Activity Level Category of physical activity Sample population Inactive / Minim ally active 53% HEPA active (Health Enhancing Physical Activity level) 47%
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31. Results: 4. ORs for Logistic Regression of association between PA & socio-demographic indicators B. Model with all demographic variables Independent Variable OR 95% CI p value 1 Age 0.982 0.959-1.006 0.142 2 Gender 0.683 0.341-1.368 0.282 3 Education 0.941 0.484-1.828 0.857 4 Income level 1.719 0.819-3.608 0.152 5 Occupation* 4.078 2.140-7.769 0.000 6 Marital status 2.278 0.967-5.364 0.06
32. Results: 4. ORs for Logistic Regression of association between PA & socio-demographic indicators C. Model with all variables excluding income Independent Variable OR 95% CI p value 1 Age* 0.979 0.960-0.997 0.026 2 Gender 0.716 0.415-1.234 0.229 3 Education 0.995 0.565-1.614 0.864 4 Occupation* 3.324 2.007-5.505 0.000 5 Marital status* 3.369 1.781-6.372 0.000
33. Results: 5. Knowledge on benefits of physical activity “Physical activity is beneficial for health” Strongly agree 87% Agree 10% Uncertain 2% Disagree 1%
34. Results: 6. 1. Knowledge on the d iseases to be prevented by PA Disease (Nosology) Spontaneous answer Answer after interviewer clarification YES YES Don’t know NO # (%) # (%) # (%) # (%) Cardiovascular diseases 90 (24%) 265 (72%) 60 (16%) 24 (7%) Hypertension 46 (13%) 219 (59%) 90 (24%) 39 (11%) Diabetes 8 (2%) 133 (36%) 143 (39%) 73 (20%) Obesity 37 (10%) 294 (80%) 44 (12%) 10 (3%) Colon cancer 2 (1%) 95 (26%) 198 (54%) 55 (15%) Breast cancer 2 (1%) 77 (21%) 204 (55%) 68 (18%)
35. Results: 6. 2. Knowledge on the d iseases to be prevented by PA Disease (Nosology) Spontaneous answer Answer after interviewer clarification YES YES Don’t know NO # (%) # (%) # (%) # (%) Stress 27 (7%) 220 (60%) 87 (24%) 42 (11%) Pneumonia 3 (1%) 80 (22%) 156 (42%) 113 (31%) Tuberculosis 0 37 (10%) 177 (48%) 134 (36%) HIV/AIDS 0 17 (5%) 140 (38%) 192 (52%)
36. Results: 6. 3. Knowledge on the d iseases to be prevented by PA Disease (Nosology) Spontaneous answer Answer after interviewer clarification YES YES Don’t know NO # (%) # (%) # (%) # (%) Osteoporosis 2 (1%) 2 (1%) Arthritis 2 (1%) 29 (8%) Vertebral diseases 6 (2%) Influenza 4 (1%) Metabolic syndrome 2 (1%) Thymus diseases 2 (1%) Muscles diseases 2 (1%) Rheumatic diseases 2 (1%) Bronchitis 1
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39. Results: 9. Source of I nformation about P hysical A ctivity: current and desirable SOURSE Heard about physical activity Want to know about physical activity # (%) # (%) 1 TV 257 70 200 54 2 Radio 76 21 108 29 3 Medical literature 56 15 34 9 4 Physician, medical office 22 6 27 7 5 Newspapers, magazines 57 15 48 13 6 Internet 15 4 25 7 7 Relatives, friends, neighbors 37 10 40 11 8 Workplace 8 2 13 4 9 Brochures 5 1 4 1 10 School, college 4 1 - -
40. Results 10. Subjective Perception vs. Objective Level of PA: cross-tabulation Category of activity Inactive/min active HEPA active Total Satisfaction status No 101 57 158 Yes 93 (48%) 118 (33%) 211 (57%) Total 194 175 369 Pearson Chi-square 15.4 P value . 000
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42. Results: 12. Reported Barriers to Physical Activity Barriers # of people (%) Lack of time because of working/studying 111 30 Lack of time because of family responsibilities 106 29 Lack of energy/tiredness 17 5 Lack of money/high cost of sport gyms 30 8 Feeling of shame - - Fear to be injured 2 1 Overweight, obesity 2 1 Lack of companionship 4 2 No person to take care for children 7 2 Poor health status 39 11 Bad mood/depression 9 3 Lack of safe places - - I do not like to be active - - Lack of strong will 21 6 Sitting occupation 2 1 Old age 5 2 Being unemployed 8 4
43. Results: 13. Motivating F actors to P hysical A ctivity # FACTOR Spontaneous Answer Answer after Interviewer Clarification # (%) # (%) 1 Family member/wife, husband exercising with me 17 5 89 24 2 Friend exercising with me 10 3 86 23 3 Family member/wife, husband encouraging me 9 2 80 22 4 Friend encouraging me 8 2 76 21 5 Employer paying for sport club/gym 11 3 75 20 6 Gym in the workplace 5 2 42 11
44. Results: 13. Motivating F actors to P hysical A ctivity # FACTOR Spontaneous Answer Answer after Interviewer Clarification # (%) # (%) 7 Flexible working hours 5 1 49 13 8 Advice from a doctor 17 5 123 33 9 Sport club/gym close to home 2 1 37 10 10 Sport club membership 2 1 29 8 11 Person to take care of children 5 1 28 8 12 Availability of inexpensive sport facilities 12 4 13 Availability of green places 2 1
45. Results: 14. Suggestions: “ what should be done in your area to motivate people to practice more activity ” Suggestions # of persons answered Create good places (parks) 3 Educate people 4 Establish non-expensive sport facilities 2 Organize meetings with famous sportsmen and sport events 2