2. Present perfect: Form
It uses the auxiliary HAVE/HAS and the
present participle.
Examples:
- I have finished my work
- She has been to China
- Have you seen my pen?
3. Regular and irregular verbs
Regular verbs:
The past participle is formed by adding -ed.
Examples: - I have played
- She has watched.
- They have arrived.
Irregular verbs:
3rd column of the irregular verb list.
Examples: - I have seen my sister.
- She's already eaten.
- I've just put on the TV.
- I haven't read the book yet.
4. Structure
Affirmative: I have changed.
Negative: I haven't changed.
Interrogative: Have I changed?
→ WATCH OUT: The auxiliary changes form:
I have / You have / We have / They have
BUT
3rd person singular: He/She/It has
5. Long and short forms
I have → I've
He has → He's
She has → She's
We have → We've
You have → You've
They have → They've
Examples:
- We have just solved the problem.
We've just solved the problem.
-She has eaten rice at school.
She's eaten rice at school.
6. Uses
To talk about experience from the past. We are not
interested in when you did something. We only want to
know if you did it.
Ex: He has lived in Bangkok.
We have never eaten caviar.
To talk about a change or new information.
Ex: I have bought a car.
John has broken his leg.
To talk about a continuing situation. This is a state that
started in the past and continues in the present (and will
probably continue into the future).
Ex: I have worked here since June.
He has been ill for two days.
7. For & Since
FOR → to talk about a period of time.
Ex: - I have been here for 20 minutes.
- John hasn't called for 6 months.
- He has worked for a long time.
SINCE → to talk about a point in past time.
Ex: - I have been here since 9 o'clock.
- John hasn't called since February.
- He has worked since he left school.
8. Ever and never
Ever → We can use ever in questions. It
means 'at a time in your life'?
Ex: Have you ever driven more than 100km?
Never → We use never in affirmative
sentences. It means 'at no time in your life'.
Ex: He's never forgotten his family.
9. Just, yet, still, already
JUST → used only with present perfect and it means ' a short time
ago'
Ex: Mike has just called. Can you ring him back please?
YET → used to talk about something expected to happen. It means 'at
any time up to now'. It is used in questions and negatives at the end of
the sentence.
Ex: I haven't finished my homework yet.
STILL → used to talk about something that hasn't finished, especially
when we expected it to finish earlier.
Ex: You promised to give me the report yesterday and you still haven't
finished it.
ALREADY → used to say that something has happened early.
Ex: I've already spent my salary and it's 2 weeks before pay day.
10. Just, yet, still, already
JUST → used only with present perfect and it means ' a short time
ago'
Ex: Mike has just called. Can you ring him back please?
YET → used to talk about something expected to happen. It means 'at
any time up to now'. It is used in questions and negatives at the end of
the sentence.
Ex: I haven't finished my homework yet.
STILL → used to talk about something that hasn't finished, especially
when we expected it to finish earlier.
Ex: You promised to give me the report yesterday and you still haven't
finished it.
ALREADY → used to say that something has happened early.
Ex: I've already spent my salary and it's 2 weeks before pay day.
