2. INDEX
1-Physical Description:
1.1 Situation
1.2 Climate
1.3 Inhabitants
2-History
3-Cuture:
3.1 Language (1st & 2nd)
3.2 Religion
3.3 Sports
3.4 Food
3.5 Music
4-Famous people and places

3. 1- PHISICAL DESCRIPTION
Scotland is known for its mountainous and beautiful
scenery. Scotland has got a lot of rivers, mountains, lochs and a
total of 787 islands. Scotland is in many respects a very beautiful
country.
1.1 Situation
Scotland is one of the four countries that forms the UK. Scotland
occupies one third of Britain(78,772 square km.) The mainland is
divided into three zones:
-The Uplands
-The Lowlands
-The Highlands
The island portion is divided into three archipelagos:
-The Hebrides
-Orkney
-Shetlands

4. 1.2 Climate
The climate is temperate. Scotland's temperature is the
lowest of Britain. Scotland is a cloudy and windy country all
the year, and “The Highlands” is one of the wettest places in
Europe.
1.3 Inhabitants
Scotland has a population of about 5,062,011 inhabitants.
The majority of the population lives in Central Belt, a
plain zone that includes cities such as Glasgow and
Edinburgh.

5. 2-HISTORY
The history of Scotland begins with the end of the ice age, when
people began to live there. The written history begins with the
arrival of the Roman Empire in Britain, when the
Romans occupied the actual England and Wales. The
north wasn’t governed by the Romans, and Scotland wasn’t as
developed as other countries.
Since the beginning of the eighth century until the thirteenth
century the Celts were in charge of the Scottish crown. Because
of its geographical location , they had closed ties in the south,
the Baltic countries and the European continent, and its maritime
trade routes became big and strong.
After the Industrial Revolution Scotland became one of the
commercial and industrial powers of Europe.

6. 3-CULTURE
3.1 Languages
The first language in Scotland is English, and the second is
Scottish, followed by Scottish Gaelic. English is spoken
mainly in the Lowlands.
3.2 Religion
In Scotland the prevailing religion is the Christianity, but not
everyone professes a religion; a big part of the population is
Catholic. There are also Jewish, Islamic and Hindu
communities.

7. 3.3 Sports
The most popular sport is football. The most important
football teams in Scotland are Celtic Football Club and
Rangers Football Club.
St. Andrews is internationally known as the "home of golf“,
and for a lot of golfers of the Old Course, St Andrews is like
a place of pilgrimage. There are many other famous golf courses
in Scotland.
Rugby is also very popular in Scotland. The Scottish team
participates in the Six Nations tournament.

8. 3.4 Food
Some of the traditional meals of Scotland are the
Scotch broth (made with barley, meat and vegetables) and the
porridge or meat cakes. The haggis is also considered the "Scottish
national meal“. The haggis is like a sausage but with lamb or
venison, and It is traditionally eaten during the "Burns Supper" on
25th January.

9. 3.5 Music
Scotland is internationally known for its traditional music, and the
bagpipe is the musical icon of Scotland.Many outsiders associate Scottish
folk music with the bagpipe, which has played an important part of
Scottish music. The earliest mention of bagpipes in Scotland dates to the
15th century although they could have been introduced to Scotland as
early as the 6thcentury.
Folk music takes many forms in a broad musical tradition, although
the dividing-lines are not rigid, and many artists work out of
borders. Culturally, there is a division between the Gaelic
tradition and the Scots tradition. The oldest forms of music in
Scotland are the Gaelic singing and harp playing. Although much of the
harp tradition was lost , the harp is being revived by contemporary
players. Later, bagpipe appeared on the scene. The original music of the
Bagpipe is called Piobaireachd; the classical music of the bagpipe.

10. 4-FAMOUS PEOPLE AND PLACES
The most famous places in Scotland are:
-Glasgow: The Science Exhibition & tower, Kelvingrove art
gallery and museum, Glasgow cathedral and Provand's
lordship...
-Edinburgh: Edinburgh Castle,Royal , Palace of Holyrood,
Holyrood Park…
-Perth
-Stirling: Stirling Castle, Argyll's Lodging, The Jail...
Famous people of Scotland:
Scotland has given rise to many famous people, notable in the arts,
literature, the sciences and as inventors, philosophers, and
architects . Current Scottish celebrities:
-Tilda Swinton
-Gerard Butler
-Ewan McGregor
-Sean Connery
And more...