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Semelhante a - تخصص حماية البيئة 152 حما -علم البيئة عملي.pdf
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- تخصص حماية البيئة 152 حما -علم البيئة عملي.pdf
- 2. א 152 א א ? ? ،،אא،א W א א אאאאאאא אא،אאאאאא א אאאאא אאאאאא ؛ א אא K א אאאאאא א ،א אא אאאאאא، אא א א ،א אא א א אא א א א א א א א אא،א א אא،א K אא ? א ? ? א ? אא אאאאאא K א אאאאאא ،א ،א א אא אאאאא K א אאא ، א K אאאא
- 3. א 152 א א ? ? ،،אאאא،אא W אאא אאאאאא، אאאאאא אאאאאא ،אאאאאא אאאאאאאאא א K א א אאאא אאאאאא א אא אאאאאא אא אא ،אאאאא،אאא א אא אאאא K
- 5. א 152 אאא א אא אא 1 אאא אאא W אאא אא W אאאאאאא K אא אאאא W 1 E אא K 2 E אאא K 3 E אאאא K 4 E אאא 5 E אאאא א W א א ، ، אא W אאא אאא
- 6. א 152 אאא א אא אא 2 אאא אאא א אאאאאאא אא F א אא E ، אאא אאאא K א אאאאאא אא K אאא W אאאא אאאא W ، ، א W אאא אאאאאא אאאאאאא
- 7. א 152 אאא א אא אא 3 א אאא א א אא 1 Beaker אא אא 2 Conical Flask אאאא 3 Graduated Cylinder אא 4 Volumetric Flask א א 5 Funnel אא 6 Burette אאאא 7 Pipette אא 8 א Test Tube אאאא 9 א Test tube Holder אא 10 Test tube Rack א אאא 11 Wash Bottle אאאא 12 Watch Glass אאאאא א 13 F E Stir Rod א 14 Bunsen Burner אאאא 15 Wire Gauze אא אאא 16 Crucible א
- 8. א 152 אאא א אא אא 4 א אאא א א אא 17 Evaporating Dish אא 18 Sample Bottle א 19 Droppers א אאאא 20 Desiccator אא אאא 21 א Sensitive balance אאא 22 Water bath אא 23 Incubator אאאא 24 Oven אאאא 25 Furnace אאאא אאאא W אאא Personal protective tools 26 F E lab coat אאאא 27 א Gloves א 28 Mask אאאאאאא 29 אא Goggles א 30 א Closed-toe shoes א
- 9. א 152 אאא א אא אא 5 W אאא 31 אא F א E Fume Hood אא אאאאאא 32 אא Safety shower & Eye Washes אאאאאא 33 אא First-aid kit אאאא 34 א fire extinguisher אאא
- 10. א 152 אאא א אא אא 6 W F אא E 1 KW אא אאאא W אא L א אאא אאא 1 2 3 4 5 2 KW אא W אאא א אאא א 1 Funnel 6 Pipette 2 7 3 Watch Glass 8 water bath 4 9 5 Burette 10 flask
- 11. א 152 אאא א אא אא 7 W אאא א אאאאאאא W א אאא אאא 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
- 12. א א ? ? ?? 2 אאאא אאאא אאאא
- 13. א 152 אאא א אא אאאא 8 א א א א א א W אאא אאאא אא W אאאאאאא אא W אאאא W 1 E אא אאאא 2 E אאאאא 3 E אאאאא 4 E א Risk-Phrase א Safety-Phrase אא 5 E אאא 6 E אאאאאא א W אא ، W אאאא W אאא : א F א E א، א א، א، א K אאא K אאא א אא K
- 14. א 152 אאא א אא אאאא 9 א אא אאא אא אא א א א W א אאא אאאאא אאאאא א Risk-Phrase א Safety-Phrase אא אאאא W F E ، א אא W א F א E ، א א א، א Hazard symbols W אא Hazard symbols אאאאא אא אאא،א א Standards organizations אאאאא K א F 1 E אא، K F 1 WE אאא W א אא אאא אא 1 אאא Biohazard Sign J אאאאא ، א ، ، אא ، 2 א Radiation Sign אאאא،א 3 אא High voltage sign אאאאא 4 Warning sign א
- 15. א 152 אאא א אא אאאא 10 א אאאאא W אא א א א א Ordinance on Hazardous Substances ، אא א אא א א א א א א ، אא א א א א א א א . א א W א א א א א ، אא א ، אא א אא א א : • א א F E • א F א E • א . א F 2 E אאאאא K אאא R & S Phrases א "R" א (Risk) א "S" א (Safety) א אא א Ordinance on Hazardous Substances ، א א א א F R-phrases E אא F S-phrases E א א א K א R F R-phrases E א אא W R10 W R41 W א א S F S-phrases E א אא W S22 W א S34 W א א
- 16. א 152 אאא א אא אאאא 11 א א F ـ E FW R12-20 E R12 R20 א אא R12 R20 א א F / E FW R26/27/28 E אא א R26 R27 R28 K א F 3 E אאאאא K F 2 WE אאאא W א א א א אא א ( R-phrases) Risks 1 Toxic ( T ) אאאא R23 ، R24 ، R25 2 Very toxic ( T+ ) אאא א R26 ، R27 ، R28 3 Corrosive ( C ) אאאא R34 ، R35 4 Explosive ( E ) אאאא R1 ، R2 ، R3 5 Harmful ( Xn ) א R20 ، R21 ، R22 6 Irritant ( Xi ) א R37 ، R38 ، R41 7 Highly inflammabl ( F ) א אא R11 8 Extremely inflammable ( F+ ) אא R12 9 Oxidizing agent ( O ) א R7 ، R8 ، R9 10 Dangerous for the environment ( N ) א א R50 ، R51 ، R52 ، R53
- 17. א 152 אאא א אא אאאא 12 F 3 WE אאאאא W
- 18. א 152 אאא א אא אאאא 13 W אא W א W 1 J א א 2 J אא א 3 J א א Risk-Phrase F אא E 4 J אא Safety-Phrase F אא E א W א אא W א R-Phrase W א S-Phrase C (Corrosive) א R 34 W S 26 W א אא אא K S 45 W א א K
- 19. א 152 אאא א אא אאאא 14 F 1 E W אאאא W אא אא F 2 E W אא W א א אא 1 T+ 2 אאאא 3 Explosive 4 Irritant 5 Dangerous for the environment 6 א א 7 O
- 20. א 152 אאא א אא אאאא 15 F 3 WE אאאאא אא F אאא E אאאא אא W 1 J א א 2 J אא א 3 J א א Risk-Phrase F אא E 4 J אא Safety-Phrase F אא E א א אא W א R-Phrase W א S-Phrase J Xi J N א אא R37 W אא R50 W אא S36 W S57 W א אא
- 21. א 152 אאא א אא אאאא 16 W אאא אא W 1 J א א 2 J אא א 3 J א א Risk-Phrase F אא E 4 J אא Safety-Phrase F אא E א א אא W א R-Phrase W א S-Phrase 1 2
- 23. א 152 אאא א אא אא 17 א אא אא א W אאא אא W אא אאא אא W אאאא W 1 E אאא 2 E אא 3 E א 4 E אאא א W 4 אא W ، ، א W א א א א F E אאא F א E אא
- 24. א 152 אאא א אא אא 18 א אא אא אא pollution אאאאאא אא א א אאא א K א pollutants אאאאאא אאא K אא א W 1 E א 2 E אאאא 3 E אא 4 E א 5 E אאא אאאא W F E ،، אאא א W אאאאא W J אא J א J א א א אאאאא، W
- 25. א 152 אאא א אא אא 19 א א א א א אא אא KKKKKKKKK W J א J אא J אאא J אאא J א W J אאא J אא J א J אא F ،אא،אא EKKKKKKK J אא J KKKKKKKKKKKKKK W J א א J א J אאאא W 1 J א CO 2 J א NOx 3 J א SOx 4 J א 5 J א J א J א J KKKKKKKKKKKKKK L L אא J א J א J א א J א J KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK W J א J J KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK אא L L א א J א J W J J J W J אא J א J א L א W J א J א א א W א F E W J אא J J KKKKKKKKKKKKKK KKKKKKKKKKKK
- 26. א 152 אאא א אא אא 20 א א א א א א אאא W J א א J אאא J KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK W J אא J אאא J KKKKKKKKKKKK KKKKKKKKKKKKKKK L J א אא W J אא J אאא J KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK W J J א J J KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK L L א F א E W J א J א J א J KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK W J א J א J KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK אא L L J א א W J א J א J אאא J א J KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK W J א J F L L L EKKKKKK J F אאא L א L L L EKKKKKKKKL אא L L אא W J F א J EKKKKKKKK J אא W א F E W J W J אא
- 27. א 152 אאא א אא אא 21 א א א א א J אאא אאא J KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK F א א EKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK אא אא W J J אא J אא F א E W L א א W 1 J אא 2 J א 3 J א 4 J א 5 J F E א F 1 WE א א א א א א אא אא א F א E אאאא J א J א J א J J
- 28. א 152 אאא א אא אא 22 F 2 WE א א א א א א א J א J J F א E ـ ـ א א ـ א ـ F ، ، E ـ ـ אא F 3 WE א א א א א א א J א J אא א א א J א J F ، ، E J א
- 29. א 152 אאא א אא אא 23 W F ،אא E F 1 E W אא W 1 J א א 2 J א 3 J א 4 J א 5 J F E א אא K W א،אא א אאא K 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
- 30. א 152 אאא א אא אא 24 10 11 12 א א א א א א 1 2 J J 3 4 5 J אא 6 7 8
- 31. א 152 אאא א אא אא 25 9 10 א 11 12 W אאאא F אא E א W א א W 1 J אאא F E אאא אא K 2 J א אאא F ،،א E א א F 1 E F 2 E F Flash – CD E א א K
- 33. א 152 אאא א א אא אא J 2 26 אאאא אא J 2 אאאא W F E ، א W אאאא אאאאא אאא K א W א א א א א א א L א
- 34. א 152 אאא א א אא אא J 2 27 W אאאא F א E אאא W 1 J אא 2 J א 3 J א 4 J א 5 J F E א אא W א א א א א א א
- 36. א 152 אאא אא א א א 28 אאא אאא אא א אא אא א א אאאאא אא אאאאא W 1 E אאאאא 2 E אאא א W 4 אא א
- 37. א 152 אאא אא א א א 29 אאא א א אא אא א W א א אאא W 1 E אאאאא 2 E אאא א W אאא W - א א - אאא - אאא - ،א א W אא L א אא L א אא L
- 39. א 152 אאא אא אא אא 30 אאא אאא W אאאא אא W אאאאאא אא W אאאא W 1 ( אאא אאאא 2 ( אאאא F g /m3 µ E F ppm E 3 ( אאא א W 2 אא W ، אאא W אאאאאאאאא אאאא K
- 40. א 152 אאא אא אא אא 31 אא אאאא אא Air Quality Standards W אאאא אאאאא ،אאא א א K אאאאאאא א אאא K אאאא Air Quality Standards א א Legal Limits אאא אא، אאאאאאאא אאאא K אאאא אאאאא אאאא،א K א F 1 E אאא K
- 41. א 152 אאא אא אא אא 32 אאאא W אאא W 1 J א W אא F א L אא E א W J אא L 3 F g /m3 µ E J אא L 3 F mg/m3 E W g µ 1000 = mg 1 2 J אא W א W J א F א L אא E ml/m3 = ppm F א E J א F א L א א E א F g /m3 µ E F mg/m3 E א אאא W אאא F ppm E א אאא F g /m3 µ E אאא W 1 J F ppm E F g /m3 µ E T P MW ppm m g 4 . 22 273 1000 / 3 2 J F ppm E F mg/m3 E T P MW ppm m mg 4 . 22 273 / 3 3 J F g /m3 µ E F ppm E P MW T m g ppm 273 1000 4 . 22 ) / ( 3