Gccsi japan members'_meeting_200613_peng-si_zhen_chinagov

CCUS Development in China
Dr. PENG Sizhen
The Administrative Centre for China’s Agenda 21
GCCSI Member Meeting, Tokyo, 20th June 2013

Overview of Energy, Emissions and Role of CCUS
Policy, R&D, Demo, and International Cooperation
CCUS Prospective in China
Conclusions
Contents

OVERVIEW OF ENERGY, EMISSIONS AND ROLE OF CCUS
1. Role of CCUS

3E Profile 1978-2010
From 1990 to 2010, the GDP grew by 7.3 times, while energy consumption and CO2
emission increased by 3.3 and 3.0 times.
From 1990 to 2010, CO2 intensity declined by 57%, that is rare all over the world.

0
200000
400000
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
中国过去三十年来各种能源消费量的变化
煤炭石油天然气水电、核电和风电
0%
50%
100%
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
中国过去三十年来能源消费结构的变化
煤炭石油天然气水电、核电和风电
Profile of Energy Consumption, and Structure 1978-2011
•Coal accounts for around 69% primary energy consumption over last 30 years
• The energy demand increases by 200 million tce annually in the recent years in
which fossil fuels account for around 90% above.
•Non-fossil fuels development is remarkable, but still cant meet new incremental
energy demands in quite a long time

Target of Carbon Emission Reduction in 2020
• CO2 emission intensity to drop 40-45% by 2020 according to the 2005 level.
• Non-fossil fuels accounting for about 15% of total primary energy consumption
• Forest area and stock volume newly increasing 40 million hectares and 1.3
billion m3 respectively compared to 2005
• Promoting development of green economy, low-carbon economy and circular
economy, and R&D climate sound technologies

Normal mitigation technologies have great potential for CO2
reduction in China currently, and are cost effective.
2020 2030 2050
Mitigation tech. in
Industry, Transport and
Building
2.2Gt 3.8Gt 5.0Gt
Non-Fossil Energy Tech. 1.5Gt 3.0Gt 5.3Gt
• Mitigation Potential
• Mitigation Cost (big portion of negative cost)
45%
65% in
2020
Building SectorIndustry Sector

CCUS is not mature and is expensive
• High costs
• High energy penalty
• High risk
A big portion of fuel costs
in total cost.

Scenario analysis suggests CCUS will play important role in mid-
and long-term.
0
5
10
15
20
25
2020年 2030年 2050年
减排潜力亿吨CO2/年
多联产
IGCC燃烧前
富氧燃烧
燃烧后
NGCC
IGCC
超临界
超超临界
AD700
1.4 Gt

Modeling Study on Energy and Emission Reduction in 2050
By Tsinghua University
2020 2030 2050
GDP 7-8% 6% 4%
Primary
Energy
(bi. tce)
5 6 7
Non
fossil fuels
14-15% 20% 38%
CO2
emission
(bi. T)
10 11 60
ELC Scenario

•CCUS will account for about 27% contribution if CO2 emission in 2050 drops to the 2005
level.

12
Modeling Study on Energy and Emission Reduction in 2050
By China Academy of Engineering
2020 2030 2050
GDP 7-8% 6% 3.5%
Primary
Energy
(bi. tce)
4.2 4.8 5.8
Non
fossil fuels
14% 25% 40%
CO2
emission
(bi. T)
9 8.5 8
Scenario of High EE

Theoretical Storage Capacity
• Examined 17 onshore
basins and 10 offshore
• Applied specific
storage volume
method based on
• Capacity: 3.1TtCO2
– 2.3 TtCO2
onshore
– 0.8 TtCO2
offshore
Saline Aquifer
basins and 21 offshore
• Capacity 4.8GtCO2
– 4.6 GtCO2
onshore
– 0.2 GtCO2
offshore
• Up to 7.0 BBO additional
oil recovery
EOR
• Examined 23
onshore basins and 6
offshore
• Capacity 5.2 GtCO2
storage potential
– 4.3 GtCO2
onshore
– 0.9 GtCO2
offshore
• 10% of OCIP for
storage
coal-bearing regions
• 12.1GtCO2 capacity
• 1.6 Tm3 additional
coal bed methane
recovery
Depleted Gas Reservoirs ECBM (600-1500m)
(Source: Li et al, 2007)

Criterion Classes weight
1st
order 2nd
order Killer
criterion
1 2 3 4 5
Sizeof
structure
element
(divided by
faults)
<500 km2
<1000
km2
Small
<5,000
km2
Medium
<10,000 km2
Large
<50,000
km2
Giant
>50,000 km2
0.01
Maximum
depth
<1000m Shallow
(<1,500 m)
Intermediate
(1,500 –3,000
m)
Deep
(>3,000 m)
0.03
Average
permeability
ofstorage
formation
<1mD 1-10mD 10-50mD 50-100mD 100-500mD >1000mD 0.1
(total,
effective)
porosity
<5% 5-10% 10~15% 15~20% 20~25% >25% 0.02
Fluid
pressure
pressure
ratio (>1.2)
pressureratio
(1.0-1.2)
pressure
ratio (<1.0)
0.01
Injection
thickness
<10m 10-20m 20-50m 50-100m 100-300m >300m 0.08
Reservoir
failure
(pressure
build-up)
Pluvial and
Alluvial
facies
Fluvial
facies
Lacustrine
andpaludal
facies
0.02
Primary seal
formation
— — — 0.01
storagecapacityandinjectivity(majoreconomicfactors)
Geothermal Warm basin
(>40? /km)
Moderate
(20-40? /km)
Coldbasin
(<20? /km)
0.05
Geology Extensively
faultedand
fractured
Moderately
faultedand
fractured
Limited
faulting
0.02
Active faults <10km 10-20km 20-40km >40km 0.06
In-situstress
zone
extension
zone
Strike-slip
zone
compression
zone
0.01
Hydrocarbon
potential
none small medium large Giant 0.02
distancefrom
hydrocarbon
fields
>40km 20-40km <20km 0.04
Hydrocarbon
maturity
Unexplored Exploration Developing Mature Over mature 0
Sedimentary
facies
Pluvial and
Alluvial
Fluvial Lacustrine
andpaludal
0.03
Primary seal
formation
seal by
different
lithology
regional seal
formation
Basinscale
seal formatin
0.03
Riskminimization
Buffer
formations
Pluvial and
Alluvial
Fluvial Lacustrine 0.01
Methodology for site
screening
Ranking of potential storage sites

Source: RT Dahowskia, X Li et al., A Preliminary Cost Curve Assessment of Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage Potential in China
, Energy Procedia 00 (2008) 2849-2856.
Large Industrial CO2 Point Sources & Distribution
Power
(74% of
Emissions)
Cement
13%
Iron&Steel
7%
Hydrogen
0%
Ethylene
1%
Ammonia
3%Refineries
2%
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
East North Northeast Northwest South Central Southwest
Refinery Power Iron & Steel Hydrogen
Ethylene Oxide Ethylene Cement Ammonia
 Power, Cement and Iron & Steel
 The East, North and South Central

POLICY, R&D, DEMO, AND INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
2 CCUS activities:

2.1 Policies/actions by State Council
• National Medium and Long-term Outline for S&T
Development (2006-2020),2006
• National Action Plan on Climate Change, 2007
• National 12th 5-year Plan on Energy Development,2011
• National 12th 5-year Work-plan on GHG Control,2012
• National Medium and Long-term Plan for Major S&T
Infrastructure Construction (2012-2030), 2013
Development of CCUS technologies are included
in all above State Council documents

Policies/actions by NDRC
• Recommendations on Promoting CCUS Pilot
and Demonstration

Policies/actions by MOST
• China’s S&T Special Action on climate change, 2007
• S&T roadmap of China’s CCUS development
by MOST/ACCA21, 2011
• National 12th 5-year Scientific and Technological Plan on
Climate Change, 2012
• 12th 5-year Special Plan for CCUS technology
development, 2013
• National Special Assessment Report on CO2 Utilization
Technologies, 2013

Policies/actions by MLR
• National preliminary survey on CO2 onshore storage
capacity
• Research and development of methodology and criteria
selecting CO2 storage sites

Policies/actions by MEP
• Research and development of special EIA requirement
on CCUS
• Research and development of guideline on monitoring
of CCUS project

Policies are getting into details gradually
General statement
“to develop CO2 near zero emission
technology”
Detailed development
measure
Targets, actions in capture, storage,
utilization and storage, full-chain
demo, etc

Basic
Research
Tech.
Development
Pilot/
Demo
Financial
Price, tax
Investment Monitoring Storage
Site
Safety and
Risks
State
Council
NDRC
+NEA
MOST
MLR
MEP
MOF
BUT, More enabling policies needed

2.2 Basic Science by NNSF
Project Title Duration
Basic research on properties of porous medium dense supercritical CO2, water, and oil transportation 2008-2011
Study of influence factors and mechanisms of CO2 diffusion law in porous media 2009-2011
Solid-gas effect relationship of carbon dioxide sequestration in deep coal bed and sequestration
experimental simulation
2010-2012
Coupled binary gas-solid interaction and dual porosity effect research during carbon dioxide
sequestration in deep coal bed
2011-2013
Study of migration rules and increase permeability mechanism of supercritical CO2 injection in low
permeability coal seam
2011-2013
Fundamental study of supercritical carbon dioxide applications in unconventional reservoirs 2011-2014
Research of fluid-solid-heat coupling action mechanism of carbon dioxide enhanced coalbed methane 2012-2014
Study of N2/CO2 mixed-gas enhanced coalbed methane mechanism and the best ratio of gas component
under stratigraphic constraints
2012-2014
QSAR research on thermodynamic properties and transport properties of CO2 flooding system 2012-2014
Study on reservoir damage mechanism caused by CO2 flooding 2012-2015
Study of interactions between supercritical CO2 and coal and their impacts on carbon sequestration
based on CO2 sequestration in deep coal seams
2012-2015
Study of shale mass interaction mechanism based on shale gas reservoir of CO2 sequestration 2013-2015

2.2 R&D by MOST
Project Title Funding by Duration Type of projects
The Project of CCS–EOR, Utilization
and Storage
973 2006-2010
Basic Research
Program of CO2 Capture and Storage
technology
863 2008-2010
Technology R&DThe Key Tech Research Program on
CCS-EOR and Storage
863 2009-2011
The Key Tech Research Program on
CO2-Algae-Biodiesel
863 2009-2011
CO2- Safety Mining with CO2 Gas
Reservoirs and CO2 Utilization Tech
National Major Special
Project 2008-2010
R& D
Demonstration Project of Mining and
Utilization Tech of Volcanic gas
containing CO2 in Songliao Basin
National Major Special
Project
2008-2010
• R&D Activities in the 11th FYP by MOST

2.2 R&D by MOST
• R&D Activities in the 12th FYP by MOST
Name of Projects Funding by Duration Type of
projects
Demonstration Project of CO2
capture and geological storage in
Coal Liquification Plant, China
Shenhua Group
National Key Technology R&D
Programme 2011-2014 Technology
R&D
The Key Tech Research Project of
CO2 Emission Reducing on Iron-
Steel Sector
Programme 2011-2014
Technology
R&D
Research and Demostration
Program of IGCC +CO2 Caputure,
Utilization and Storage
Programme 2011-2013
CO2 Storage Capacity Assessment
and Demonstration in China
China Geological Survey
2011-2014
The Program of CCS –EOR,
Utilization and Storage
973 2011-2015 Basic
Research

Trends of Paper & Patent on CCUS (1995-2012)
SCI & EI Papers Domestic Patents

2.3 Enterprise Pilot and Demo
Project Title Scale Capture Tech
Storage/
Utilization
Status
The pilot project of CO2 Capture, Huaneng Beijing
Gaobeidian Thermal Power Plant
Capture Capacity:3,000 T/Y Post-
Combustion
Food Use Operated in
2008
Demonstration Project of CO2 capture and storage
in Coal Liquification Plant, China Shenhua Group
Capture Capacity:100,000 T/Y
Storage Capacity: 100,000 T/Y
Coal
liquefaction
Saline Aquifer operated in
2011
Demonstration Project of CO2 capture, Storage
and Utilization in IGCC Plant Greengen of Huaneng
Capture Capacity:60,000--
100,000 T/Year
Pre-
Combustion
EOR Launched
in 2011
Small Scale Demonstration Project on CO2 Capture
and EOR in Shengli Oil Field, Sinopec
Capture/Utilization:40,000T/Y Post-
Combustion
EOR Operated in
2010
Demonstration Project of CO2 capture, Shanghai
Shidongkou Power Plant, Huaneng
Combustion
Food/
Industrial
Operated
since 2010
Demonstration project of Carbon Capture,
Shuanghuai Power Plant, China Power Investment
Combustion
Food/
Manufacture
Operated in
2010
Pilot Plant of CO2 capture in Lianyungang City, CAS Capture Capacity:30,000 T/Y Pre-
Combustio
N/A Operated in
2011

 Shuanghuai Power Plant, China
Power Investment
Food/Manufacture
Operated in 2010
 Huaneng Beijing Gaobeidian
Thermal Power Plant
Food Use
Operated in 2008
 Shanghai Shidongkou Power
Plant, Huaneng
Food/Manufacture
Operated in 2010
 Shengli Oil Field, Sinopec
Capture/Utilization:40,000T/Y
EOR
Operated in 2010
Post-combustion Pilot & Demo

 Huneng Green-gen IGCC CCS Pilot
Capture Capacity:60,000-100,000 T/Y
CCS-EOR
Launched in 2012
 Pilot Plant of CO2 capture in Lianyungang City, CAS
Food Use
Operated in 2008
Post-combustion Pilot & Demo

35 Mwt Oxy-Fuel Industrial Demonstration Project in HuaZhong University of
Science and Technology
Capture Capacity:50,000-100,000 T/Y
Goal: To set up an industrial demonstration plant of carbon capture with oxy-
fuel combustion
Location: Yingcheng city, Hubei Province
Oxy-fuel Pilot

Full-chain CCS Demonstration
 Shenhua Group’s 100,000 t/a CCS
Demonstration Project
• Goal: To build an integrated CCS
demonstration project
• Technologies: CO2 chemical source
capture + saline aquifer storage
• Capture Capacity: 100,000 tonnes per
year
• Injection scale: 100,000 tonnes per
year, accumulated 300,000 tonnes
• Injection life: Jan 2011 to Jun 2014
Under construction: Shengli Oil Field
CO2-EOR, 1Mt CO2/year, SINOPEC

 Petrochina’s CO2 EOR
research and demonstration
project in the Jilin oil field
 China United Coalbed
Methane’s ECBM project
 ENN group’s microalgae bio-
energy and carbon
sequestration demonstration
project
 Jinlong-CAS CO2 utilization in
chemical production
CO2 Utilization Pilots

2.4 International Collaboration
Project Partner Duration
China-Australia Geological Storage of CO2 (CAGS) RET, GA 2012-2014
China-EU NZEC Cooperation UK, EU, Norway 2007-2009
China-EU Carbon Capture and Storage Cooperation（COACH） EU 2007-2009
Sino-Italy CCS Technology Cooperation Project(SICCS) ENEL 2010-2012
China-US Clean energy Research Center MOST, NEA, DOE 2010-2015
CSLF Capacity Building Projects CSLF 2012-
MOST-IEA Cooperation on CCUS IEA 2012-
China-ADB Cooperation on CCUS ADB 2008-

 The project timeframe is 2009-2011 with the main
activities including scientific studies, capacity building,
professional and student exchanges, and study tours.
 Under the support of ―China and Australia clean coal
Joint working group‖, the phase 2 cooperation of
GAGS will be conducted to continue scientific research
and capacity building activities
China-Australia Geological Storage of
CO2 (CAGS)

As an important project of international cooperation in the field
of CCS that China participates in, the launching and
implementation of the COACH project plays a positive role
in promoting China’s research capacity on CCS.
Project Objectives:
The project aims to strengthen the close cooperation
between China and EU in the field of CCS, in order to
address the growing problems of energy shortage and
greenhouse gas emissions.
China-EU COACH Project
The project has a duration of three years between
2006-2009, and has been concluded by October,
2009.

The UK-China NZEC project is an important part of the China-EU NZEC Phase I
cooperation, with key objectives as follows:
 Enable knowledge transfer and sharing;
 Model the future energy requirements of China, taking CCS into account;
 Case studies of potential CO2 capture technologies;
 Build capacity in China for the evaluation of storage potential for CO2 and
undertake preliminary screening of potential sites suitable for geological storage
of CO2.
Phase I of the UK-China NZEC project lasted for two years (2007-2009), and has
been concluded by October, 2009
China-EU/UK NZEC Project (Phase I)

Nov. 30th, 2009, 12th China-EU summit, Nanjing, MOU signed between
MOST (China) and EC on NZEC Phase II cooperation;
Nov. 2011, agreement was signed for implementation of the NZEC Phase
IIA:
China-EU/Norway NZEC Project (Phase II)
 Work aim and contents agreed
6 workpackages including research,
capacity building and Identification of
potential site for feasibility study
 Coordination and Administrative
Structure setup
Joint Steering Committee Meeting—
Decision making
PMU (Project management Unit)—
Implementation

China-US Clean Energy Research Center
(CERC)
On 17 Nov, 2009, Wan Gang,
Minister of Science and technology
of China (MOST), Guobao,
Zhang,ex-administrator of National
Energy Administration and Steven,
Chu, secretary of the U.S.
Department of Energy signedan
agreement to start the
establishment of CERC.
The establishement of CERC aims
at promoting the cooperated
research in the field of clean energy
technology between China and US
scientists and engineers.
Clean Coal technology, including
CCS, is one of the first three prior
approved cooperation areas.

Sino-Italy Cooperation on CCS
Technology
Project Objectives:
A pre-feasibility study on building a CCS project
in China would be carried out, with a focus on
CO2 capture and transportation from coal-fired
power plants.
Major Contents of the Project:
With a focus on personnel/technology
exchanges and joint research, the Sino-Italy
Cooperation on CCS Technology is mainly
composed of the following three parts:
Information exchange and basic research
(WP1)
Pre-feasibility study (WP2)
Initial preparation for the joint feasibility
study (WP3)

Carbon Sequestration Leadership
Forum (CSLF)
China is one of the founding members of the
CSLF, and Ministry of Science and Technology,
on behalf of China, is responsible for organizing,
coordinating and participating in relevant
cooperation activities.
The fourth Ministerial-level meeting had
been successfully held in Beijing 2011.
Under the support of CSLF capacity building
fund, China has carried out CCUS
experience exchange events, policy and
regulatory study, CCUS financing research,
and other capacity building activities.

Cooperation with Interantional Energy
Agency (IEA)
Build on previous and existing technical and policy-related activites the MOST
and IEA jointly agree on a series of activites leading towards a conducive
technology and policy framework for CCUS. The overall framework covers six
potential areas:
1. Potential of CCUS application in major industrial sectors in China and related
capacity building;
2. Potential of CCUS retrofitting of existing power plants;
3. Potential applications of CCUS in high concentrations CO2 emission
industries;
4. Sharing of experience from CCUS demonstration projects;
5. Financing modes for CCUS technology development;
6. Potential assessment of CO2utilization.

Since 2008, ADB has been supporting China’s efforts on
developing CCUS technology through capacity development
projects, studies, and financial assistance.
Asian Development Bank (ADB)
Two China-ADB joint research projects are
launched in 2013:
 the assessment of the potential role
of oxy-fuel combustion CO2 capture
 developing China‘s roadmap for
demonstration and deployment of CCUS

TARGET, EARLY OPPORTUNITY, FULL CHAIN DEMO AND APPROACH
3 Prospective

System scale:
>0.3million tons/a
Energy penalty: <25%
Cost: 350 RMB/ton
Capture system:
0.3-1 million tons/a
Cost: 210 RMB/ton
Pipeline: >80km
Cost: 90 RMB/ton
Capacity:0.3million tons/a
Utilization scale: 1 million
tons/a
Oil-production: 0.3million
tons/a
Storage percentage: 40-50%
Storage: 0.3million tons/a
Cost: 50 RMB/ton
Technically Feasible & economically affordable
System scale:
1 million tons/a
Cost: 300 RMB/ton
Capture system:
1 million tons/a
Energy penalty:< 15%
Cost :180 RMB/ton
Pipeline:200km
Cost:80RMB/ton*million km
Capacity:>1million tons/a
Utilization scale:2 million
tons/a
Oil-production:0.6million
tons/a
Storage percentage: 50-60%
Storage: 1million tons/a
Cost: 40 RMB/ton
System scale:
>1 million tons/a
Cost: 240 RMB/ton
Capture system:
>1 million tons/a
Energy penalty:< 12%
Cost : 140 RMB/ton
Pipeline net:>= 1000km
Cost: 70 RMB/ton
Utilization scale:>2 million
tons/a
Oil-production:1million
tons/a
Storage percentage: 60%
Storage: >1million tons/a
Cost: 30 RMB/ton
2015 2020 2030
Launch full-
chain demo
Vision and Target
Establish 1 Mt/a
full-chain demo
Technical
Capacity for
applications

EOR and Depleted Oil reservoir
Storage Opportunities
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深部咸水层
合成氨
水泥
乙烯
环氧乙烷
制氢厂
钢铁
火电
炼油厂
!( 大型油田
!( 中型油田
!( 小型油田
!( !(!(
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ECBM Storage Opportunities
合成氨
水泥
乙烯
环氧乙烷
制氢厂
钢铁
火电
炼油厂
煤层
CCUS Technology Roadmap: Full Chain Demo

• The nationwide utilization and storage capacity assessment shall be
conducted as soon as possible in order to better understand the
CCUS potential in China.
• The first full-chain technology demonstration shall be launched for
those high-concentration emission sources (such as coal chemical)
due to the low capture cost; coal-fired power plant shall also carry on
full-chain technology demonstration timely because their emissions
are high in volume with multi-point sources; on the aspect of
technological options shall be balanced.
• Considering the maturity of CO2-EOR technology and large potential
for on-land saline aquifer storage, the full-chain technology
demonstration for CO2-EOR and onshore saline aquifer storage shall
be prioritized.

• The demonstrations and scale-up on the integration of CO2-EOR
and onshore saline aquifer with multiple capture options shall actively
but steadily take forward with an aim to operate demonstration
project at 1 million tons/a and above by 2030.
• The research on innovative and cost-effective CO2 utilization
technologies shall be enhanced, and initial demonstration can be
launched jointly with other integrated systems.
• The full-chain demonstration projects witness more opportunities in
Ordos Basin, Songliao Basin, Bohai Bay Basin and the Junggar Basin,
while the specific demonstration project shall take the cost, safety,
environment and other factors into consideration.

2015 2020 20302010
海底咸水层
陆上咸水层
ECBM /酸气回注
EO R
< 5万吨/年
> 100万吨/年
富氧燃烧高浓度排放源
燃烧后捕集燃烧前捕集
5~ 10万吨/年 11~ 30万吨/年
31~ 50万吨/年 51~ 100万吨/年
任一捕集方式
Onshore
Aquifer
formation
Offshore
geological
storage
Acid gas
Post-combustion
Pre-combustion
Any capture
technology
Oxy-fuel
High-Concentration

Current Work
• An Assessment Report on CO2 Utilization Technologies in
China is now being prepared, led by ACCA21.
– Enhanced Energy Recovery
– Enhanced Resources Recovery
– Chemicals production
– Bio & Agriculture production
– Products from industrial wastes
• To update CCUS Roadmap with new recognition on
Utilization technologies.

• CCUS is important to China
– In the long term, an important technical option for CO2 reduction.
– In the short term, utilization could be priority to remove economic barrier,
e.g. enhanced exploration of shale gas, geothermal, saline water and
liquid mineral, and to understand safety of storage for the future.
– CCUS is a diverse technology cluster. Choosing a priority technology
should be different in terms of industry, location and time.
• Besides technology R&D, enabling policies are essential for the
take off of CCUS.
• The nature of CCUS technology calls for enhanced International
collaboration, in particular knowledge sharing.

www.ccusChina.org.cn
Thanks for your attention!
PENG Sizhen
The Administrative Centre for China’s Agenda 21 (ACCA21), Beijing 100038
pengsz@acca21.org.cn
For More Information, Please Visit

Gccsi japan members'_meeting_200613_peng-si_zhen_chinagov

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