4. primary or secondary?
Old history New history
textbook textbook
Band of Brothers Diary
Photo Blog
Artifact Digital photo
Printout of email Wikipedia article
World Book
7. Direct traces of the event
Accounts created at the time it
occurred, by firsthand observers
and participants
8. Direct traces of the event
Accounts created at the time it
occurred, by firsthand observers
and participants
Accounts created after the event
occurred, by firsthand observers
and participants
10. Definitions?
Primary sources
• Contemporary accounts of an event,
created by someone who experienced or
witnessed the event in question
• “a first-hand account of an event, person,
or place”
11. Secondary sources
• Materials that interpret, assign value to,
conjecture upon, and draw conclusions
about the events reported in primary
sources
• “An account of an event, person, or place
that is not first-hand”
12. Secondary sources?
• Materials that interpret, assign value to,
conjecture upon, and draw conclusions
about the events reported in primary
sources
• “An account of an event, person, or place
that is not first-hand”
16. “I learned that to do history, you have to be
objective and be able to look at a puzzle of
historical events and put them together in
order.”
10th grader
18. “When my students read the Whitman letters, I saw
a sheen of tears in their eyes and noted an avid
interest in the soldiers as people, not just historical
figures.”
HS teacher
19. being open and responsive
to new and diverse
perspectives
20. “Discovering that two students view a document
differently creates a kind of dissonance that
opens up meaning and creates new
understanding in learners.”
MS teacher
22. “The Civil Rights
Movement finally
made sense to me
when I looked at
lynching postcards
from the 1900s and
some of the writings
of Ida B. Wells.”
HS student
38. • make complex choices
• frame, analyze and solve problems
• analyze, access, manage, integrate,
evaluate and create information in a
variety of forms and media
• open and responsive to new and
diverse perspectives
• understand the interconnections
among systems
• articulate thoughts and ideas clearly
and effectively
42. • make complex choices
• frame, analyze and solve problems
• analyze, access, manage, integrate,
evaluate and create information in a
variety of forms and media
• open and responsive to new and
diverse perspectives
• understand the interconnections
among systems
• articulate thoughts and ideas clearly
and effectively
44. • make complex choices
• frame, analyze and solve problems
• analyze, access, manage, integrate,
evaluate and create information in a
variety of forms and media
• open and responsive to new and
diverse perspectives
• understand the interconnections
among systems
• articulate thoughts and ideas clearly
and effectively
47. • make complex choices
• frame, analyze and solve problems
• analyze, access, manage, integrate,
evaluate and create information in a
variety of forms and media
• open and responsive to new and
diverse perspectives
• understand the interconnections
among systems
• articulate thoughts and ideas clearly
and effectively
49. • make complex choices
• frame, analyze and solve problems
• analyze, access, manage, integrate,
evaluate and create information in a
variety of forms and media
• open and responsive to new and
diverse perspectives
• understand the interconnections
among systems
• articulate thoughts and ideas clearly
and effectively
