This presentation familiarizes the readers to the different vocabulary acquisition techniques.

1. Reading Vocabulary

3. Identify basic types of context clues

5. B. Can you guess the words that were derived form the following personalities and places? ____________1. Nicholas Chauvin ____________2. J.I. Guillotin ____________3. Anton Mesmer ____________4. Hamburg, Germany ____________5. Sparta, Greece

6. Match the list of words in Column A with the language (in Column B) from which they were borrowed. Banana Chalk Magazine Orange Poodle Shampoo Arabic East India Latin German Persian Spanish F C A E D B

7. B. Can you guess the words that were derived form the following personalities and places? Chauvinism ____________1. Nicholas Chauvin ____________2. J.I. Guillotin ____________3. Anton Mesmer ____________4. Hamburg, Germany ____________5. Sparta, Greece Guillotine Mesmerized Hamburger Spartan

8. Different ways to understand words Understanding words through their structure Root – basic structure of the word Affixes – a form added to the beginning, middle or end of a word to create a derivative word or inflection Understanding words using context clues

9. Greek roots used in English

23. The next slide is a partially completed table containing sample of Greek roots with their meaning and examples. Fill in the missing blanks using the available words as guide

26. Latin roots used in English

58. Study the following words and their meaning Root cap duct fring leg mar Meaning take lead break read, choose sea Root aqua cis fract greg manu Meaning water cut, kill break group hand

59. The italicized word in each sentence contains a root. Select the word that means nearly the same as the italicized/underlined word. Write the letter of the correct answer 1. The manuscript found in the monastery was written a thousand years ago. code signal document symbol 2. Some fishermen in various parts of the island infringed on the regulation set by the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources followed violated modified obeyed

60. 3. The aqueous portion of the land has been planted to kangkong. watery useless rich black loam 4. He has to be rushed to the orthopedic hospital because he has several fractured bones caused by the accident. small delicate soft broken 5. Certain chemicals are sprayed on plants to induce flowering. lengthen bring on delay stop

61. 6. It would be surprising if the countries in the Middle East would say that they abound in marine life. forest mine sea desert 7. A literate person’s handwriting islegible. educated elaborate in style readable bold 8. The incision in his stomach bled when he carried the heavy load from the car to his room. bag pocket disease operation

62. 9. A capacious work area is needed to allow worker free movement. congested roomy luxurious modern 10. Man is by nature gregarious and will always seek the joy of friendship. selfish suspicious sociable aggressive

63. The italicized word in each sentence contains a root. Select the word that means nearly the same as the italicized/underlined word. Write the letter of the correct answer 1. The manuscript found in the monastery was written a thousand years ago. code signal document symbol 2. Some fishermen in various parts of the island infringed on the regulation set by the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources followed violated modified obeyed

64. 3. The aqueous portion of the land has been planted to kangkong. watery useless rich black loam 4. He has to be rushed to the orthopedic hospital because he has several fractured bones caused by the accident. small delicate soft broken 5. Certain chemicals are sprayed on plants to induce flowering. lengthen bring on delay stop

65. 6. It would be surprising if the countries in the Middle East would say that they abound in marine life. forest mine sea desert 7. A literate person’s handwriting islegible. educated elaborate in style readable bold 8. The incision in his stomach bled when he carried the heavy load from the car to his room. bag pocket disease operation

66. 9. A capacious work area is needed to allow worker free movement. congested roomy luxurious modern 10. Man is by nature gregarious and will always seek the joy of friendship. selfish suspicious sociable aggressive

67. Affixes

68. kinds of affixes Prefix – an affix attached at the beginning of a word to modify or change its meaning Suffix – an affix occurring at the end of a word Infix – an affix appearing in the body of a word Circumfix – an affix made up of two separate parts which surround or attach to the root or the stem

69. Prefixes

82. On the next slide, identify the word being described. Use the appropriate prefix for the description. Write your answer on a sheet of paper.

83. Not patient Wrongly understood Cycle again Having many purposes Change form Not personal Determine ahead of time Of many cultures Establish before Without moral

84. Answers: impatient misunderstood recycle multi-purpose transform impersonal predetermine multi-cultural pre-establish amoral

85. Suffixes

90. en

91. ful

92. hood

93. ish

94. ity, ―ment

95. less

96. let, ― ling

97. ly

98. ness, ― ty

99. ology

100. or, ―er, ―ist

102. The next slide has a box of words and a Venn diagram. Write each word in the appropriate space in the diagram. If the a word has neither prefix nor suffix, write it outside the circles.

103. reappear appreciate nonsense goodness undone discover childish midnight poisonous impossible wishful disagreement dishonesty adulthood zoology recounted quite immature nonworking frequently misalign precooked uninformed yellowish Suffix only Prefix only Both Prefix and Suffix

104. Answers: quite appreciate Suffix only Prefix only Both Prefix and Suffix reappear poisonous dishonesty undone adulthood precooked misalign childish nonworking discover wishful uniformed impossible zoology disagreement immature goodness nonworking nonsense yellowish recounted midnight

105. Context clues

107. Definition This is an outright explanation of the meaning of a word by introducing and describing it within the same context. Example: The cornea is the transparent outer coating of the eyeball.

108. Synonym The meaning of the unknown word is understood because the ideas is repeated in familiar words. Example: In his complete uniform and with his shining sword, the man appeared bellicose or warlike.

109. Simile The words as and like are used to show an idea of comparison. Example: The boy’s eyes glistened like the bright stars in the sky.

110. Exemplification Provides an illustration, instance or model of the word. Example: The artist engages in aesthetic activities such as writing poems about the beauty of nature and paining scenic spots.

111. Apposition An appositive is a descriptive word, phrase, or clause placed beside the unknown word and is often enclosed or set off by commas. Example: An ecologist, a scientist who specialized in the relationship between living things and their environment, is likely to have authoritative opinion on the problem of pollution versus man’s survival

112. Inference To infer is to reach an opinion based on the given facts. It involves making a conclusion as a result of reasoning. Example: When he passed the sentry, Jose gave his forge ID card and held his breath. The guard on duty was busy talking to a friend and gave it a perfunctory glance, so Jose breathed easily again.

113. Comparison and contrast Uses similar or different ideas to illustrate the meaning of the target vocabulary Example: We must recognize the true from false, the enduring from the ephemeral, the important from the trivial.

114. Negation Tells the reader what the word is not Example: The family is not formal learning institution or university but it does equip is with lessons needed to survive in life.

115. Experience clue Uses common experiences that help readers easily relate to the meaning of the word Example: His room is a pig pen. He has not been cleaning it for several months now.

116. The next slide contains underlined words. Find out each of their meaning by looking at the context clues provided by the sentences. Then identify the context clue used.

117. You may reach the nadir or lowest point in your life, but don’t give up. Self-hypnosis is simply using positive words to train the subconscious to replace negative thoughts. Many people think that vegetating on front of a television set is relaxing. However, this lack of movement is the cause of many illnesses.

118. Celestial bodies, such as the sun, moon, and stars, are governed by predictable laws. Lourdes is always sucking up to the boss, even in front of others. That sycophant just doesn't care what others think of her behavior.

119. You may reach the nadir or lowest point in your life, but don’t give up. (synonym) Self-hypnosis is simply using positive words to train the subconscious to replace negative thoughts. (definition) Many people think that vegetating on front of a television set is relaxing. However, this lack of movement is the cause of many illnesses. (comparison and contrast)

120. Celestial bodies, such as the sun, moon, and stars, are governed by predictable laws. (exemplification) Lourdes is always sucking up to the boss, even in front of others. That sycophant just doesn't care what others think of her behavior. (experience clue)

121. Vocabulary acquisition techniques

122. Technique #1: Divide and conquer Analyze the parts of the words – their root or stem and their affixes. Technique #2: Use context clues When we find meaning in contest as we read texts, we learn new vocabulary without disrupting our reading process. Context is important because many words have more than one meaning. Technique #3: Look up the meaning in the dictionary It helps us learn other information about words. However, do not overuse this technique. Technique #4: Skip it As long as we can understand the whole passage even without understanding the meaning of some terms, then it won’t make a lot of difference.

123. Practice

124. Read the newspaper article then, on the worksheet, write the unfamiliar words in the first column. In the second column, write the meaning of the unfamiliar word. Then put a check on the technique that you used to understand the meaning of the word. What is the overall idea of the article? What helped you arrive at that answer? In reading the article, which vocabulary technique helped you the most. Explain your answer.

125. References: Villamin, Arcelli M. et.al (1995). Developmental Reading. Quezon City: Phoenix Press, Inc. Yu, Pamela et.al. (2007). Keys to confidence and Competence in English 1. Biñan, Laguna: Trailblazer Publication. http://www.englishclub.com/vocabulary/prefixes.htm retrieved on May 1, 2009. http://www.montgomerycollege.edu/~steuben/vocabularycontext.htm retrieved on May 2, 2009. http://www.merriam-webster.com/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_and_Latin_roots_in_English retrieved on April 20, 2009.