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Geocoding news at the source
- 2. Overview
Motivation
# News always happen in a spatio-temporal context
# you want to attach that context as metadata to the news
# The illustration of news via maps is common practice since ages
# but typically different from putting pins into maps
Current Status
# started evangelizing within dpa in Q2/06
# geocoding our regional wires since 11/07
# geocoding places of stories as well as places in stories
# manual process
# with support systems integrated into the editorial systems
© 2008 Gerd Kamp 2
- 3. Locations of news stories / Semantics (current status)
A scope of a news story
# is a geoname that is part of a (official administrative) hierarchical partition of a
defined geographic extent,
# representing the largest area wrt. the above hierarchy where this story is deemed
relevant (by an editor)
A variant of scopes are legal scopes
Assigning geographic areas of relevance is something editors have been doing for ages
# National wire vs. regional wire
# Front section vs. local section
© 2008 Gerd Kamp 3
- 4. Locations of news stories / Semantics (current status)
A locus of a news story
# is a geoname that is part of a set of geonames for a defined geographic extent
# representing the smallest area wrt. the above set where (the) events of this story are
happening / have happened / are going to happen
A place of production of a news story
# is either a geoname or address or lat/lon
© 2008 Gerd Kamp 4
- 5. Location within news
A location in a (news) story is a location directly or indirectly mentioned in the
news story itself
# typically not geographic names but rather addresses, street segments, blocks, or
POIs
# not all geographic entities are necessarily identified
# relevance
# ranking
© 2008 Gerd Kamp 5
- 6. Geonames
A geographic name
# is a name applied to a geographic feature. It is the proper name, specific term, or
expression by which a particular geographic entity is, or was, known. A geographic
entity is any relatively permanent part of the natural or manmade landscape or
seascape that has recognizable identity within a particular cultural context.
# A geographic name, then, may refer to any place, feature, or area on the Earth's
surface, or to a related group of similar places, features, or areas.
# Typically there are national bodies defining geonames
# U.S. Board for Geographic Names
# Ständiger Ausschuss für Geographische Namen
# New players are entering the game (e.g. Geonames, YahooLocation Platform)
© 2008 Gerd Kamp 6
- 7. Hierarchical partition (current draft definition)
A hierarchical partition of scopes of a geographic extent e is a directed acyclic
graph (DAG) with the following properties:
# There is a single source s_top (the top level scope) with a geographic extent being
coterminous with the geographic extent (using coterminous as having matching
boundaries interpretation
# every scope has a property denoting its level in the hierarchy with the top level scope
having the level 1
# for any given point p in e there is at least one corresponding scope s_point at some
level in the DAG
# for every scope that has more than one successor the geographic extent of set of
successors is coterminous with the geographic extent of this scope
# for every scope that has more than one predecessor the geographic extent of set of
predecessors is coterminous with the geographic extent of this scope
© 2008 Gerd Kamp 7
- 8. Example
A story about legislation in a state is assigned a statewide scope (although the dateline
is the state capitol)
© 2008 Gerd Kamp 8
- 10. Example (News Industry Text Format - NITF)
<nitf xmlns:georss=quot;http://www.georss.org/georssquot;>
<head>
<title>Bayern München II schlägt Karlsruhe 3:1</title>
<location class=quot;scopequot;>
<region region-code=quot;09184000quot; code-source=quot;AGSquot;>München
<georss:point>11.5725580365 48.1379548096</georss:point>
</region>
<state state-code=quot;09000000quot; code-source=quot;AGSquot;>Bayern
<georss:point>11.5725580365 48.1379548096</georss:point>
</state>
<country iso-cc=quot;DEUquot;>Deutschland</country>
</location>
<location class=quot;scopequot;>
<city city-code=quot;09162000quot; code-source=quot;AGSquot;>München
<georss:point>11.5725580365 48.1379548096</georss:point>
</city>
<state state-code=quot;09000000quot; code-source=quot;AGSquot;>Bayern
<georss:point>11.5725580365 48.1379548096</georss:point>
</state>
<country iso-cc=quot;DEUquot;>Deutschland</country>
</location>
<location class=quot;scopequot;>
<city city-code=quot;08212000quot; code-source=quot;AGSquot;>Karlsruhe
<georss:point>8.40437796821 49.0092142029</georss:point>
</city>
<state state-code=quot;08000000quot; code-source=quot;AGSquot;>Baden-Württemberg
<georss:point>9.17871582656 48.7750805322</
georss:point>
</state>
<country iso-cc=quot;DEUquot;>Deutschland</country>
© 2008 Gerd Kamp 10
- 11. Example NITF (cont‘d)
<location class=quot;addressquot;> Grünwalder Stadion, Grünwalder Straße, München, Germany
<georss:point>11.566936 48.101078</georss:point>
<city>München</city>
<region>München</region>
<state>Bayern</state>
<country iso-cc=quot;DEUquot;>Deutschland</country>
</location>
© 2008 Gerd Kamp 11
- 12. Next steps / To Do
Gathering feedback
Evangelizing within main stream media organizations
How to represent best in GeoRSS , KML, ...
# multiple locations
# locations of different types and classes
Working toward a generally available ontology of geonames / a framework for
describing ontology
Investigatiing connections to /applications from
# computational geometry
# qualitative spatial reasoning
to geoname based graphs / ontologies
© 2008 Gerd Kamp 12
