1. By G.K. Sawhney

2. PRINCIPLES OF MANGAGEMENT
Organizations have a variety of goals. They usually direst
their energies and resources to achieve these goals. a profit
oriented business firm for example might have a return on
investment goal a hospital would have goals centered
around patient care and an educational institution would
establish goals for teaching research and social service .
Organizations possess human as well as non human
resources that are put to use in the service of specific goals.
management is the force that unifies human as well as non
human resources in the service of organizational goals . it is
process of getting results with and through people.

3. What is management?
Management =MAGE +MEN+T(TACTFULLY)
It is not easy to define the term management . there are as
many definitions of management as there are books on the
subject .l there are certain genuine reasons for this : (i)
Management is a vast subject . it is very extensive . it is
, therefore, not possible to put all the essential features of
management in a single formula. (ii) Management is
concerned with human beings, who are behaviorally highly
unpredictable. (III) Management is a young developing
discipline whose concept are continuously changing. It is
small wonder, writer like Allen remarked , that the manager
is one of the great unknowns in the business.

4. 1. Management is the art of getting things done through and with the
people in formally organized groups. (KOONTZ H)
2. Management is a process of planning , organizing , actuating and
controlling to determine and accomplish the objectives by the use for
people and resources, (TERY G)
3. Management is the process by which managers create , direct
, maintain and operate purposive organizations .through systematic
, coordinated cooperative human effort , (MC.FAFLAND .)
4. It is the coordination for all resources through the process of
planning, organizing, directing and controlling in order to attain stated
objectives.
For the sake of simplicity and convenience , we can broadly define
the term thus:
Management is concerned with resources, tasks and goals . it is the
process of planning , organizing, staffing, directing and controlling to
accomplish organizational objectives through the coordinated use for
human and material resources.

5. MANAGEMENT AS A PROCESS
Management as a process refers to a series of inter related
functions, such as planning , organizing. Staffing. Leading and
controlling. Actually , managers are known by the work they do
.According to JAMES LUNDY , ‘Management is what management
does’. Management process suggests that all manger perform
certain functions in order to realize certain goals.
THE PROCESS OF MANAGEMENT
Management , it should be noted , is a social process because it is
a social process because it is concerned with relations among
people at work . A manager sets the objectives of an organization .
he provides and environment . that is helpful to group action. He
offers incentives to those who show good performance and thus
helps the organization realize its goals .

6. MANAGEMENT AS A GROUP/TEAM
THE TERM ‘MANAGEMENT’ is used to denote the persons
who manage the affairs of an organization. Broad
expressions, such as ‘management has declared a lockout’
management takes a tough stand against workers’. Often hit
newspaper headlines. When such statements are
made, reference is actually made to the people who manage
the affairs of an organization. Thus. As group of
persons, management includes all those who are
responsible for making decisions and supervising the work of
other.

7. MANAGEMENT AS A DISCIPLNE
AS A DICIPLINE . MANAGEME0NT IS SPECIALISED branch
of knowledge which involve the study of certain principles
and practice , over the years , management has emerged
as separate field of study . it can be studied, knowledge
about it obtained and skill in its applications acquired .
the old saying managers are born . not made stands
depreciated now. People believe that managerial skills
could be acquired through formal education and training .
it is small wonder that many institutes have been set up in
India with a view to impart management education to
prospective manager,.

8. MANAGEMENT AS AN ACTIVITY
Management refers to a separate class of activities which
are performed by manager. Managerial activity consists of
planning. Organizing, staffing , directing and controlling .
these activities are performed to get the work done with
and through people . due to their biological and
psychological limitations, it is difficult for human beings to
achieve their objectives all alone. They have to join
organizations and work toward common goals.