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universal human values universal human values value education values ragging interaction need for aspiration uhv expectations family amilyexpectations aspirations bodies work on standards for radio frequency alloc electromagnetic spectrum history of cr why cognitive radio cognitive radio definition howto make radios learn and think advantages and disadvantages of wireless communica elements of a communication system problem with sdr classification of communication systems sdr cognitive radio networks crn cr introduction to cognitive radio networks communication cr introduction cognitive radio introduction software defined radio cognitive radio tv advantages of vsb magnitude response coherent detection dsb sc dsb ssb vsb forward channel frame duration slot efficiency channels features frame structure dect gsm amps wideband systems narrowband systems tdd fdd time domain frequency domain cdma tdma fdma multiple access techniques bessel function phasor diagram envelope zero crossing definition single tone fm differences between am and angle modulation narrowband fm transmission bandwidth spectrum similarity between pm and fm fm pm phase frequency angle phase modulation modulation frequency modulation angle modulation