Cambridge Geography AS Ultra Revision Test 3, with questions and answers for chapter 3 Population. This is a test with 31 questions, 2 minutes each.

1. CAMBRIDGE GEOGRAPHY AS
ULTRA REVISION
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
REVISION TEST 3
POPULATION

2. This presentation contains 31 questions. Each slide contains a question,
doable in 2 minutes. After that students will check the answers on the
next slide. All the questions and answers are covering the Cambridge
curricula for 2015. This is an exceptional revision for the month before
the exams. Good luck!

3. Q1. Define the crude birth rate and the crude death rate.

4. A1. Define the crude birth rate and the crude death rate.
The crude birth rate is the number of live births per 1000 population in
a given year. The crude death rate is the number of deaths per 1000
population in a given year.

5. Q2. How is the rate of natural increase calculated?

6. A2. How is the rate of natural increase calculated?
This is the difference between the crude birth rate and the crude death
rate.

7. Q3. Why is the fertility rate a better measure of fertility than the
crude birth rate?

8. A3. Why is the fertility rate a better measure of fertility than the crude
birth rate?
Unlike the crude birth rate the fertility rate takes accounts of both age
structure and gender.

9. Q4. List the four general factors affecting fertility.

10. A4. List the four general factors affecting fertility.
Demographic, social/cultural, economic and political.

11. Q5. Define infant mortality rate.

12. A5. Define infant mortality rate.
The infant mortality rate is the number of deaths of infants under 1
year of age per 1000 live births in a given year.

13. Q6. Briefly describe the contrast in the causes of death between more
developed and less developed countries.

14. A6. Briefly describe the contrast in the causes of death between more
developed and less developed countries.
In the developed world heart disease and cancer are the main causes
of death. In the developing world, infectious and parasitic diseases
account for over 40% of all deaths.

15. Q7. What do you understand by the terms “population structure” and
“population pyramid”?

16. A7. What do you understand by the terms “population structure” and
“population pyramid”?
Population structure is the composition of a population, the most
important elements of which are age and sex. Population pyramid is a
bar chart, arranged vertically, that shows the distribution of a
population by age and sex.

17. Q8. What does a dependency ratio of 80 mean?

18. A8. What does a dependency ratio of 80 mean?
For every 100 people in the economically active population there are
80 people dependent on them.

19. Q9. How does the structure of dependency vary between developed
and developing countries?

20. A9. How does the structure of dependency vary between developed
and developing countries?
The dependency ratio in developed countries is usually between 50 and
75, with the elderly forming an increasingly high proportion of
dependents. Developing countries typically have higher dependency
ratios, which can reach over 100, with young people making up the
majority of dependents.

21. Q10. Define demographic transition.

22. A10. Define demographic transition.
The demographic transition is the historical shift of birth and death
rates from high to low levels in a population.

23. Q11. List the reasons for declining mortality in stage 2.

24. A11. List the reasons for declining mortality in stage 2.
The reasons for declining mortality in stage 2 are:
• Better nutrition
• Improved public health particularly in terms of clean water supply and
efficient sewerage systems
• Medical advances

25. Q12. What happens in stage 5?

26. A12. What happens in stage 5?
Natural decrease, with the birth rate lower than the death rate.

27. Q13. State two criticism of the model of demographic transition.

28. A13. State two criticism of the model of demographic transition.
• Seen as too Eurocentric (focused on the European examples).
• Many developing countries may not follow the sequence set out in
the model.
• It fails to take into account changes due to migration.

29. Q14. By how much has global average life expectancy increased since 1950?

30. A14. By how much has global average life expectancy increased since
1950?
From 46 to 68 years.

31. Q15. Which two factors have resulted in such an elderly population in
Japan?

32. A15. Which two factors have resulted in such an elderly population in
Japan?
Very high life expectancy and very low fertility.

33. Q16. Which three quality-of-life indicators are used in the human
development index?

34. A16. Which three quality-of-life indicators are used in the human
development index?
Life expectancy, education and income.

35. Q17. Define child mortality.

36. A17. Define child mortality.
Child mortality is the number of children who die before their 5th
birthday per 1000 live births.

37. Q18. By how much did child mortality decrease between 1990 and
2006?

38. A18. By how much did child mortality decrease between 1990 and
2006?
From almost 13 million to below 10 million a year.

39. Q19. Define carrying capacity.

40. A19. Define carrying capacity.
The carrying capacity represents the largest population that the
resources of a given environment can support.

41. Q20. What is the ecological footprint?

42. A20. What is the ecological footprint?
The ecological footprint is a sustainability indicator that takes into
account the use of natural resources by a country’s population.

43. Q21. List the six components of the ecological footprint.

44. A21. List the six components of the ecological footprint.
1. Built-up land.
2. Fishing ground.
3. Forest.
4. Grazing land.
5. Cropland.
6. Carbon footprint.

45. Q22. Define biocapacity.

46. A22. Define biocapacity.
Biocapacity is the capacity of an area or ecosystem to generate an
ongoing supply of resources and to absorb its wastes.

47. Q23. List four natural problems that can lead to food shortages.

48. A23. List four natural problems that can lead to food shortages.
1. Soil exhaustion.
2. Drought.
3. Floods.
4. Tropical cyclones.
5. Pests.
6. Disease.

49. Q24. Define optimum population.

50. A24. Define optimum population.
The optimum population is the population that achieves a given aim in
the most satisfactory way.

51. Q25. Show in numerical form how arithmetical progression differs
from geometrical progression.

52. A25. Show in numerical form how arithmetical progression differs from
geometrical progression.
Arithmetical progression: 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 - 6
Geometrical progression: 1 - 2 - 4 - 8 - 16 - 32

53. Q26. State the three limiting factors identified by Malthus.

54. A26. State the three limiting factors identified by Malthus.
1. Famine.
2. Disease.
3. War.

55. Q27. Define the term population policy.

56. A27. Define the term population policy.
When a government has a stated aim on an aspect of its population
and it undertakes measures to achieve that aim.

57. Q28. State two reasons why some countries are concerned that their
fertility is too low.

58. A28. State two reasons why some countries are concerned that their
fertility is too low.
1. The socioeconomic implications of population ageing.
2. The decrease in the supply of labour.
3. The long-term prospect of population decline.

59. Q29. When did China introduced the one-child policy?

60. A29. When did China introduced the one-child policy?
In 1979.

61. Q30. How did China’s birth rate change between 1950 and 2005?

62. A30. How did China’s birth rate change between 1950 and 2005?
From 43.8/1000 to 13.6/1000.

63. Q31. State three adverse consequences of the one-child policy.

64. A31. State three adverse consequences of the one-child policy.
1. Demographic ageing.
2. An unbalanced sex ratio.
3. A generation of “spoiled” only children.
4. A social divide as an increasing number of wealthy couples “but their way
round” the legislation.