2. Indigenous period
In the past, the region where today is the city of Curitiba was a
region of exuberant forest.
The first inhabitants of the region were the indigenous tribe Tingüi,
by the Tupi-Guarani nation.
At the beginning of the Christian Era, the Plateau Curitibano was
inhabited by peoples potters.
Subterranean houses, found at archaeological sites on the
outskirts of Curitiba show adaptation of native to the adverse
conditions of climate, as the cold wind, frost and snow.
3. Colonization period
The first 10 years the 16th century marked the
beginning of a war of conquest of Europeans
against the indigenous peoples who inhabited
the plateaus of southeastern and southern
brazil Were Portuguese and Spanish
expeditions in search of
precious metals and stones, and Indians
to enslave.
4. The region of Curitiba began to be populated by non-Indians
around 1630.
Paranaguá people discovered alluvium gold , forming
the village of "Our Lady of Light and God Jesus of Pine
Forest", which was became in town in 1693.
The name was changed to Curitiba in 1721. There is
a legend telling that around 1648 a group of pioneers founded
a small village near the Atuba River while searching for gold
Curitiba officially became a town in 1812
5. Immigration period
Waves of European immigrants started arriving
after 1850,
( Germans, Italians, Poles and Ukrainians).
In 1853, the south and southwest of the province
of São Paulo are separated, forming the new
province of Paraná, and Curitiba has become capital.
The first Europeans to arrive in the region were
of Portuguese origin, during the 17th century. They
intermarried with the native people and with
the African slaves.
In 1828, the first German immigrants settled
in Paraná.
Typical house of Polish immigrant, in a park in the
city
Memorial of Japanese Immigration in the
Japanese Square
6. Typical house of Polish immigrant, in a park in the city
Immigrants from Poland first arrived in 1871, settling in rural areas near
to Curitiba.
Japanese immigrants starting arriving in the region in 1915. Curitiba
received significant numbers of immigrants from Japan. Nowadays,
there are about 40 thousand Japanese-Brazilians living in the city.
Other immigrants, such
as jewishes, Arabs from Lebanon and Syria, English, French, Russians
and other Eastern Europeans also settled in Curitiba.
7. Renewal of Curitiba
During the 20th century, especially after the middle, the city is going through a large
increase in population and is consolidating as regional hub for trade and services.
Curitiba's First Urban Plan: 1940s
By the 1940s, Curitiba was experiencing rapid growth. Word of the region's thriving
agriculture industry attracted new settlers from such nations as Japan, Syria and
Lebanon. Now at three times its turn-of-the-century population, Curitiba was
confronted with increasing demands for improved services, housing and
transportation. The city hired French planner and architect Alfred Agache to help
ease the growing pains. Agache expanded Curitiba's sewer system and rerouted its
traffic patterns. Sweeping arclike patterns now radiated out from the city center to
better manage the flow of cars and buses that were clogging city streets.
8. Unchecked Growth: 1960s
Curitiba's population swelled to more than 430,000 people in 1960.
It’s surrounding has agricultural industry .such as coffee
(Scwartz, Hugh). After a series of frosts between 1952 and
1975 sent the industry into a downward spiral, workers began
turning to Curitiba in search of employment.
During this time Curitiba was characterized by a shortage of
electricity, telephones, and paved streets. Only a third of the
families living in Curitiba had access to sewers. And traffic was
beginning to become more of a problem in the downtown area.
In response to the influx of people, the mayor of Curitiba initiated a
Master Plan design competition for the growing capital city. The
winning team consisted of young idealistic planners and architects
lead by Jaime Lerner.
9. Implementing the Master Plan: 1970s
After his plan for Curitiba was adopted in 1968, leading architect Jamie
Lerner created the city's first urban planning department to help organize
and direct further redevelopment efforts. Among the department's
innovations in the 1970s was Rua Quinze do Novembro, the heart of
commercial Curitiba and Brazil's first pedestrian-only street. The city also
adopted a trinary road design, called the Sistema Trinário, to minimize traffic
in the city, whose population had now surpassed 600,000. The new system
sandwiched a central two-lane street restricted to buses and local car traffic
between wide, fast-moving one-way streets.
10. MAJOR COMPONENTS
Connective corridors:
“Concentric circles of local bus lines connect to five
radial lines that go outward from the center of the city.
On the radial lines, triple-compartment buses in their
own traffic lanes carry 300 passengers each.
They go as fast as subway cars, but at one-eightieth
the construction cost.
Designed to encourage density along the corridors,
the system expands according to the needs of its
riders.
Specially marked bike and pedestrian paths
200 km of bike paths
11. Curitiba's Color-Coded Transit System
Regional Buses
Above-Ground Transit
City Street Buses
Express Service
Health Care Transit
Tourist Buses
12. large parks, patches, & preserves:
Land reclamation and water recuperation are used to solve
both environmental and social problems.
Green zoning safeguards open spaces and stiff regulations
protect every tree in the city.
Nearly one-fifth of the city is parkland, and volunteers have
planted 1.5 million trees
13. Neighborhood parks:
Planning a city means correcting your course all the time … by
allowing people to correct you. We wanted to build parks within a
maximum of 500 meters of everybody’s home: the local people
convinced us that we would do better to save the remaining forests
… so we got our parks in one or two months instead of having to
wait 20 or 30 years for the trees to grow.
They have more than 1000 parks and 5 Anchor parks.
