1. Understanding the city
In the past, most attempts to understand the city scientifically have not seen the city’s
most obvious network - its street network – as being of scientific relevance or interest.
But it is the street network that links the aggregations of buildings into a single system,
it is what you see when you look down on a city, and it is what you navigate when you
walk or drive in a city. In all these senses, the street network seems to be the common
ground between the real space of the city and our experience of it. They say something
about how cities are structured spatially, how they work, and how they grow and change.
Networks of space have, in recent years, brought to light a fundamental link between the
structure and functioning of cities: that the configuration of the network is the primary
shaper of the pattern of movement. In shaping movement, it also
shapes the patterns of human co-presence - and of course co-absence – that seems to
be the key to our sense that good cities are human and social things as well as physical
things. This is a far reaching proposition, and, if true, as increasing evidence suggests it
is, it has far reaching implication for how we think about cities and design them. The
large scale architecture of city space, which has been neglected for decades, matters
much more than we thought to the life of the city and how it comes into existence.
In principle, this idea is not really new. Most designers believe that we can manipulate
space to create the emergent human patterns that are the source of our sense that cities
are civilised, safe and pleasurable.
People make trips because the shops are there. But it is maybe not fundamental. Maybe
the space network itself, shapes movement, then the shops are where they are because
they are following the patterns of movement already created by the network. So we can
not start with attraction if we want to understand this city. We should start with the network
which creates the pattern of attraction. So the network view of the city is also a paradigm
change.
It puts everything in the city in a different order. Once we understand the relation between
the network configuration and movement, we can begin to creating a networks of centres
and sub-centres. This is the nature of the organic city which evolves over tens or hun-
dreds of yearsto form the seamless web of busy and quiet places, with everything seem-
ing to be in the right place, the organic city. How local places arise in cities depends as
much on how it is embedded in its larger scale context as in its intrinsic properties. In fact,
this is mabyetrue of space in general, and that the local-global relation has featured too
little in our attempts to reproduce the excellencies of cities through design.
Malmø 2009

2. Malmö as fragmented city Malmö high density city
Malmö global structures Malmö local structures

3. Malmö
City zones
City center Inner city
Outer city Rural area

4. Buildings and the city of Malmø exist for us in two ways: as the physical
forms that we build and see, and as the spaces that we use and move
through.
So what is space:
The first is that we have to learn to think of space not as the background to
human activity, as we think of it as the background to objects, but as an aspect
of everything human beings do, in the sense that moving through space,
interacting with other people in space, or even just seeing ambient space from
a point in it have a natural and necessary spatial geometry: movement is
Shoving main infrastructure inn and out of Malmø city. These human
essentially a linear activity, interaction requires a convex space in which all
struktures makes spaces and human activity/movement. But creates also points can see all others, from any point
big barriers when it comes to social interaction between people in Malmø. in space we see a variably shaped visual field, and it is by accumulating
these as we move through the complex patterns of space we find in buildings
and cities that we somehow build an enduring picture of the pattern of space as a
whole. This describes some aspect of how we use or experience space,
and for this reason how buildings and cities are organised in terms of these
geometric ideas is a vital aspect of how we create them, use them and understand
them. For example, space in cities is for the most part linear – streets, boulevards,
avenues, alleys and so on are all linear concepts - with occasional convex elements
we call squares or public open spaces. So the language of city space is written in
this geometric language reflecting human behaviour and experience.
By filling these spaces, we see that the spaces are growing as the distance to
the city-senter increase. This indicate different human activities in diffrent
spaces. That means that different kind of people are attracted to their “ favor-
ite space”, or because of financial reasons. This means spaces of segregation

5. Going in to the different spaces
1
Shorter lines. Making
more crosses.
1
2
2 Longer lines. Making
fewer crosses.
3
3
Longest lines. Making
Studying the lines of the different zones in the city of Malmö ( Zone 1 - city center. Zone 2 - inner less crosses
city. Zone 3 - outer city).
Different zones in the city have different line structures. Zone 1 -city center have short lines with many crosses. Creating an urban feeling in dense spaces. The
different lines in the city makes different spaces, meaning different urban feelings. The different structures zones 1,2 and 3 makes little connections to the global
structures. The local lines and the global lines are not working together. Few interesting meeting points. The spaces are looking into itself and not interacting with
other spaces. Makes city development difficult. Need to find new structures.

6. Micro - biology
Macro - city
Like the micro organism in water form a
pattern of lines, the city forms new lines by
looking for alternative streets/routes in the
purpose of braking up different spaces/ar-
eas. In this way new patterns can be build,
and the social interaction can develop.

7. Space shapes movement
The problem in Malmø is that all the main streets ( global streets ) is
occupied with car traffic. This streets take you directly from the city
center and out in the rural area. At the same time the main streets
( because of the heavily traffic) makes barriers to the different
city spaces. This leads to segregation and different social zones in
the city. By locking for alternative spaces we can brake down these
barriers between these physical and social spaces.
Once we have this line network, we can calculate, say, the integration
value of each line in relation to all others, and color up as usual.
The global structures ( long lines) are given the colors red, yellow
and orange. The local structures are given the colors pink, blue and purple.
When ever tree colors mets in the network ( one global structure and two
local structures) we mark a connection point ( green circle) . A new interesting
space will then occur. And the the lines between the green circles vill guide us
through the city in new way. These green circle can be new green structures
inn the city or new social interactions spaces. The lines between the green circles
will brace down the global structure,
By this a urban development of Malmø can develop in an including way in all the
different spaces.
People
Spaces
New spaces
People move inn lines Interact in segregated space Interact in new visual fields
connecting different lines and
making new spaces for interac-
tion among different people in
Malmø

8. Where the different lines (streets) meets ( valued by
Lines are finding new connections color) new interesting spaces are made
The new local connections are braking Local structures (lines) are making new meeting (
down the old global structures green) spaces.

9. Braking the barrier of the Ring The new green spaces in the city meeting water ( ponds)
-road ( global structure) in the rural area. Together they make a new city strukture

10. Breaking trough the global
structure ( Ring road )
New ecological development area

11. To bee continue........