1. Eye Disorders
Isabela Tara Streeter
8.1

2. As#gma#sm
 Type of refrac8ve error of the eye.
 blurred vision caused from refrac8ve errors
 Can be due to hereditary.
 Can also result from pressure from the eyelids on the
cornea
 Incorrect posture or an increased use of the eyes for close
work cause this.

3. Symptoms
According to WebMD Medical Reference People with
undetected as8gma8sm oDen experience:
o Headaches
o Fa8gue
o Eyestrain
o Blurred vision at all distances.
These symptoms may not necessarily be the result of
as8gma8sm, you should schedule an eye exam if you are
experiencing one or more symptoms.

4. Diagnosing the problem
Contact lenses Eye exam Nearsightedness/
Farsightedness check

5. Treatment
• Mild as8gma8sm doesn’t need to be checked.
• Glasses or contact lenses can help as8gma8sm
• Laser surgery

6. Treatment around the world
ENGLAND
Good results
Life8me aDercare guarantee
High prices
INDIA
USA Affordable
Good at dealing with
Risk factors complica8on and emergency
Costly high class medical facili8es
Good results

7. Preven8on
• Cannot be prevented.
• Inherited at birth.

8. Cataracts
The Na#onal Eye Ins#tute states:
 A clouding of the lens in the eye ‐ affects
vision.
 Related to aging.
 A cataract can occur in either
or both eyes.
 It cannot spread from one eye to
the other.

10. Causes of cataracts
Changes in the structure of the lens of your eye.
As you get older, you're more likely to develop cataracts.
Women are more at risk than men.
There are other factors that can increase your risk of geWng cataracts.
These include:
• Diabetes
• an injury to the eye
• high blood pressure
• exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light from sunlight
• long‐term use of steroid medicines
• Smoking
• drinking too much alcohol
• a family history of cataracts

11. Symptoms
The most common symptoms of a cataract are:
• Cloudy or blurry vision.
• Colors seem faded.
• Glare.
• Headlights, lamps, or sunlight may appear too bright.
• A halo may appear around lights.
• Poor night vision.
• Double vision or mul8ple images in one eye. (This symptom may clear as
the cataract gets larger.)
• Frequent prescrip8on changes in your eyeglasses or contact lenses.
These symptoms also can be a sign of other eye problems. If you have any
of these symptoms, check with your eye care professional.

12. Treatment around the world
Good results ENGLAND
High prices
Safe, clean
INDIA
USA Affordable
“No s8tch, No shot, No pain”
Risk factors Safe, fast and effec8ve
Costly
Good results
Fast
Clean and effec8ve

13. Preven8on
• Have regular eye exams.
• Quit smoking.
• Wear sunglasses.
• Take care of other health problems.
• Maintain a healthy weight.
• Choose a healthy diet that includes plenty of
fruits and vegetables.

15. Bibliography
• h_p://www.westrumoptometry.com/services.html © 2007 Westrum
Optometry Email: info@westrumoptometry.com Disclaimer ‐ Terms of Use
• Address: 315 East FiDh St., Des Moines, IA 50309 Telephone: (515) 282 ‐
5005 Fax: (515) 282 – 2010 [Accessed on 13th May 2011]
• h_p://www.beauty‐advices.com/how‐to‐apply‐makeup‐when‐wearing‐
contact‐lenses/
• Copyright © 1998‐2011 Beauty Tips ‐ How To Apply Makeup When
Wearing Contact Lenses [Accessed on 13th May 2011]
• h_p://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002010/
Na8onal Center for Biotechnology Informa8on,
U.S. Na8onal Library of Medicine
• 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA [Accessed on 14th May
2011]
• h_p://www.bupa.co.uk/health‐informa8on/directory/c/cataracts ©
Copyright 2011[Accessed on 14th May 2011]

16. Bibliography
• Olitsky SE, Hug D, Smith LP. Abnormali8es of refrac8on
and accommoda8on. In: Kliegman RM, Behrman RE,
Jenson HB, Stanton BF, eds. Nelson Textbook of
Pediatrics. 18th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier;
2007:chap 619. [Accessed on 13th May 2011]
• White PF, Sco_ CA. Contact lenses. In: Yanoff M, Duker
JS, eds. Ophthalmology. 3rd ed. St. Louis, Mo: Mosby
Elsevier; 2008:chap 2.9. [Accessed on 13th May 2011]
• Kramarevsky N, Hardten DR. Excimer laser
photorefrac8ve keratectomy. In: Yanoff M, Duker JS,
eds. Ophthalmology. 3rd ed. St. Louis, Mo: Mosby
Elsevier; 2008:chap 3.4. [Accessed on 14th May 2011]

17. Bibliography
• h_p://kidshealth.org/kid/feel_be_er/things/glasses.html# Reviewed by:
Jonathan H. Salvin, MD
Date reviewed: August 2010 © 1995‐2011 The Nemours Founda8on. All
rights reserved. [Accessed on 15th May 2011]
• h_p://www.aboutcataractsurgery.com/cataracts‐symptoms‐types.html
AcrySof®ReSTOR® is a registered trademark of Alcon, Inc., ReZoom™ and
Technis® are registered trademarks of
Abbo_ Medical Op8cs and Crystalens® is a registered trademark of Bausch
& Lomb. [Accessed on 15th May 2011]
• h_p://www.nei.nih.gov/health/cataract/cataract_facts.asp This page was
last modified in May 2011 [Accessed on 15th May 2011]
• h_p://www.mayoclinic.com/health/cataracts/DS00050/
DSECTION=preven8on © 1998‐2011 Mayo Founda8on for Medical
Educa8on and Research. All rights reserved. [Accessed on 15th May 2011]
• h_p://www.sparkpeople.com/resource/health_a‐z_detail.asp?
AZ=40&Page=5 Terms and Condi#ons and Privacy Policy update on
August 26, 2009 [Accessed on 15th May 2011]