On carbon and its compounds..

2. Now we will
study about
carbon and its
compounds
Ok sir…
But I think it
is difficult!!
Don’t worry
it is very
easy..

3. Illustration:- Can you tell which
one is made up of carbon???

4. INTRODUCTION TO CARBON
 Carbon is a non metal which has
property of combining with itself.
 It is present in various forms in nature.
 There is a separate chapter called
organic compounds in which we will
study more about carbon and its
compounds.

5. Do you know why carbon is
studied as organic chemistry??
 Carbon has a valency of 4. As it
having four, it can gain or lose 4
electrons. This special property of
carbon makes it link with hundreds or
thousands of other elements.
 It also have the property to combine
with itself. This property is known as
allotropy.

6. ALLOTROPES OF CARBON
 Carbon has a unique to link with itself.
The phenomenon is called allotropy and
the elements form after allotropy are
called allotropes. Some of allotropes are
listed below:-
 Diamond:- Graphite:- Fullerene
C60:-

7. COVALENT BONDS
 The bonds which are formed by
sharing of electrons are called
covalent bonds.
 Depending upon the number of shared
pair of shared pair of electron, the
covalent bonds are classified into 3
types. They are:-
 Single covalent bonds
 Double covalent bonds
 Triple covalent bonds.

8. SINGLE COVALENT BONDS
 The bonds resulting from the equal
sharing of pair of electrons is called
single covalent bonds.
 These are also called as saturated
bonds.
 We can depict the formation of
covalent bonds by putting crosses ( )
and dots( )

9. DOUBLE AND TRIPLE
COVALENT BONDS
 The bond resulting from the equal
sharing of two and three pairs of
electrons are called double and triple
covalent bonds respectively.
 These double and triple covalent
bonds are necessarily called
unsaturated compounds.

10. ILLUSTRATION:-WHICH OF
THESE ARE SATURATED??

11. HYDROCARBONS AND ITS
CLASSIFICATION
 The organic compounds made up of
carbon and hydrogen only are called
hydrocarbons.
 On the basis of structure and
properties, hydrocarbons are
classified as open chain(acyclic) and
closed(cyclic).

12. ALIPHATIC AND AROMATIC
HYDROCARBONS
 Open chain or acyclic hydrocarbons
contain open chain of carbon atoms.
They are called aliphatic hydrocarbons
whereas closed chain or cyclic
contains closed chains are called
aromatic hydrocarbons.

13. SATURATED HYDROCARBONS
OR ALKANES
 A hydrocarbon in which all the 4
valencies of carbon are fully satisfied
by the formation of single covalent
bonds are called alkanes.
 General formula for alkane is C2n+2

14. ALKENES
 A hydrocarbon in which all the 4
valencies of carbon are fully satisfied
by the formation of double covalent
bonds are called alkenes.
 General formula for alkene is C2n

15. ALKYNE
 A hydrocarbon in which all the 4 valencies of carbon are
fully satisfied with the formation of triple covalent bonds
are called alkynes.
 General formula for alkyne is C2n-2.
Ethyne (Acetylene)
HCCH Propyne
HCCCH3 1-Butyne
HCCCH2CH3 1-Pentyne
HCC(CH2)2CH3 1-Hexyne
HCC(CH2)3CH3 1-Heptyne
HCC(CH2)4CH3 1-Octyne
HCC(CH2)5CH3 1-Nonyne
HCC(CH2)6CH3 1-Decyne

16. Now that s all
my child. We
will be learning
homologous
series in our
next class
Oh no!!
That s all
ah!! Ok
thank u sir
No
mention
bye.