1. PERCENTAGE,PROFIT AND
LOSS
MADE BY – Durgeshwar
VIII - A

2. PERCENTAGE
A Percentage is a number or ratio expressed as
a fraction of 100. It is often denoted using
the percent sign, "%", or the abbreviation "pct."

3. Let us recall some of the key
points that we have already
learnt
♦ we can find the percentage of any given no. or
quantity. For example, 5% of 80 = (5/100 x 80) = 4.
♦ Fraction can be converted into percentages. For
example, 3/5 = 3/5 x 100% = 40%
♦ A ratio can be converted into a percentage. For
example, 4:5 = 4/5 =(4/5 x100)% = 80%
♦ Percentages can be converted to decimals and
fractions. For example. 20% = 20/100 = 0.20
♦ Percentages can be expressed as ratios. For
example. 35% = 35/100 = 7/20 = 7:20

4. Ques – Sudha had Rs.360 with her, out of which she spent
35% on books. What is the amount of money left with
her.?
Solution – Amount spent on books is 35% of
Rs.360
Thus, the amount spent = Rs. ( 35/100 x 360) =
Rs.(7 x 18) = Rs.126
Thus, the amount left with Sudha = Rs (360 – 126)
= Rs.234

5. Profit And Loss
We Have Already Studied about cost price , selling
price, profit, loss, profit percentage and loss
percentage in sale and purchase of item. Let us
review our salient features.

6. ♦ During the production of any item, some cost
is involved in producing the item. This amount is
called the cost price of the item and is written as
CP
♦ The price at which the item is finally sold is
known as the Selling price, written as SP.
♦ If SP > CP, then the seller has made a profit or
gain. The profit amount P = SP – CP.
♦ If SP = CP, then the seller has made no profit
and no loss.
♦ If SP < CP, then the seller has suffered a loss.
The loss amount L = CP - SP

7. Ques – A table costing Rs. 14,600 is
sold at a profit of 22%. Find it’s selling
price.
Solution – Cost price of the table, CP = Rs. 14600
and Gain % = 22%
Thus, the gain amount = (Gain % x CP) = Rs. (22 x
14600 ) = Rs.3212
Selling price of the table, SP = CP + Gain amount =
Rs. (14600 + 3212) = Rs. 17,812

8. Discounts
Discounts or off are the reduction on the prices
of products. This discounts are given to attract
customers, so that they make more purchases.
Discount = MP – SP
Discount Percent = Discount/MP x 100

9. Ques – A dealer gives a 5% and still makes a profit
of 25%. Find the actual cost of the article to the
dealer if he marks the price of the article at Rs.
500
Solution – MP of the article, MP = Rs. 500
Discount = 5%, discounted amount = 5% of MP = Rs. (5/100 x 500) = Rs.
25
Selling price of the article, SP = MP – discount = Rs. (500 – 25) = Rs. 475
Let the cost price, Cp be Rs. x. Since the gain% is given as 25%
Thus, gain = 25% of x = Rs. (25/100 X x) = Rs. x/4
Also we know that, SP = CP + Gain
= 475 = x + x/4
= 475 = 5x/4
= 475 x 4/5 = 95 x 4 = Rs.380
Thus, the cost price of the article is Rs. 380