Exam Questions: Mediastinum To see the video go to: www.thefunkyprofessor.com

1. Questions
Mediastinum

2. The superior mediastinum:
1
is bounded inferiorly by the diaphragm
2
contains the left recurrent laryngeal nerve
3
is bounded anteriorly by the mesosternum (body of the sternum)
4
is situated anterior to the upper four thoracic vertebrae
5
contains the vena azygos

3. The superior mediastinum:
1
is bounded inferiorly by the diaphragm
F
2
contains the left recurrent laryngeal nerve
T
3
is bounded anteriorly by the mesosternum (body of the sternum)
F
4
is situated anterior to the upper four thoracic vertebrae
T
5
contains the vena azygos
F

4. The superior mediastinum contains the following:
1
the vagus nerve
2
the phrenic nerve
3
the coronary arteries
4
the thoracic duct
5
the lung roots

5. The superior mediastinum contains the following:
1
the vagus nerve
T
2
the phrenic nerve
T
3
the coronary arteries
F
4
the thoracic duct
T
5
the lung roots
F

6. At mediastinoscopy:
1
the aortic arch is seen to reach the level of the jugular notch
2
the left recurrent laryngeal nerve is seen ascending lateral to the
aortic arch
3
the left brachiocephalic vein is seen to cross posterior to the left
common carotid artery
4
the left pulmonary artery is seen to lie above the left main
bronchus
5
the right phrenic nerve lies medial to the superior vena cava

7. At mediastinoscopy:
1
the aortic arch is seen to reach the level of the jugular notch F
2
the left recurrent laryngeal nerve is seen ascending lateral to the
aortic arch
F
3
the left brachiocephalic vein is seen to cross posterior to the left
common carotid artery
F
4
the left pulmonary artery is seen to lie above the left main
bronchus
T
5
the right phrenic nerve lies medial to the superior vena cava F

8. The left Brachiocephalic vein:
1
is formed by the confluence of the internal and external jugular
veins
2
is a content of the superior mediastinum
3
receives the inferior thyroid veins
4
receives the accessory hemiazygos vein
5
receives thymic veins

9. The left Brachiocephalic vein:
1
is formed by the confluence of the internal and external jugular
veins
F
2
is a content of the superior mediastinum T
3
receives the inferior thyroid veins T
4
receives the accessory hemiazygos vein F
5
receives thymic veins T

10. The following are contents of the posterior
mediastinum
1
thoracic duct
2
thymic remnants
3
phrenic nerves
4
vagus nerves
5
splanchnic nerves

11. The following are contents of the posterior
mediastinum
1
thoracic duct
T
2
thymic remnants
F
3
phrenic nerves
F
4
vagus nerves
T
5
splanchnic nerves
T

12. The Oesophagus:
1
is lined with stratified squamous epithelium
2
derives its blood supply directly from the aorta
3
crosses the diaphragm at the level of the 7th thoracic vertebra
4
is narrowest at the gastro-oesophageal junction
5
has a venous drainage, in part, to the portal venous system

13. The Oesophagus:
1
is lined with stratified squamous epithelium T
2
derives its blood supply directly from the aorta T
3
crosses the diaphragm at the level of the 7th thoracic vertebra F
4
is narrowest at the gastro-oesophageal junction F
5
has a venous drainage, in part, to the portal venous system T

14. The thoracic duct:
1
is an upward continuation of the cisterna chyli
2
enters the thoracic cavity through the vena caval hiatus
3
is posterior to the oesophagus at the level of the 5th thoracic
vertebra
4
has the descending thoracic aorta to its left side
5
drains into the left brachiocephalic vein

15. The thoracic duct:
1
is an upward continuation of the cisterna chyli T
2
enters the thoracic cavity through the vena caval hiatus F
3
is posterior to the oesophagus at the level of the 5th thoracic
vertebra
T
4
has the descending thoracic aorta to its left side T
5
drains into the left brachiocephalic vein T

16. The following structures are prominent in the
anterior mediastinum of an adult:
1
sterno-pericardial ligaments
2
loose areolar tissue
3
the internal thoracic (mammary) arteries
4
thymus
5
phrenic nerves

17. The following structures are prominent in the
anterior mediastinum of an adult:
1
sterno-pericardial ligaments T
2
loose areolar tissue T
3
the internal thoracic (mammary) arteries F
4
thymus F
5
phrenic nerves F

18. The Oesophagus in the superior mediastinum is in
contact with the following structures:
1
arch of the aorta
2
trachea
3
left main bronchus
4
left brachiocephalic vein
5
thymus

19. The Oesophagus in the superior mediastinum is in
contact with the following structures:
1
arch of the aorta T
2
trachea T
3
left main bronchus F
4
left brachiocephalic vein F
5
thymus F

20. The greater splanchnic nerves:
1
arise from the 5th to 9th ganglia of the thoracic sympathetic chain
2
carry visceral sensory fibres from abdominal viscera
3
carry visceral sensory fibres from pelvic viscera
4
pierce the diaphragmatic crura to enter the abdomen
5
are composed of presynaptic fibres

21. The greater splanchnic nerves:
1
arise from the 5th to 9th ganglia of the thoracic sympathetic chain T
2
carry visceral sensory fibres from abdominal viscera T
3
carry visceral sensory fibres from pelvic viscera F
4
pierce the diaphragmatic crura to enter the abdomen T
5
are composed of presynaptic fibres T