第３回Web時代のGIS技術勉強会用資料 http://atnd.org/events/28607

1. Linked Dataと地理空間情報
加藤文彦, LinkedData.jp
第3回Web時代のGIS技術勉強会 2012-05-25

2. Linked Data
• Web技術でデータを公開・共有・統合
するためのベストプラクティス
• "データのWeb"
• HTTP, URI/IRI, リンク, グラフモデ
ル，構造化データ

3. Webの原則
1. URIをHTML文書の識
別子として使う
2. URIにはhttpスキーム
を使う
3. URIを見るとHTML文
書が返ってくる
4. HTML文書には他の
URIへのリンクがある

4. Linked Dataの原則
1. URIをモノ(Thing)の識
別子として使う
執筆
2. URIにはhttpスキーム 子供
発行日
を使う
誕生日
出版社
3. URIを見るとモノの
所在地
データが返ってくる
4. データには他のURIへ
の型付リンクがある
"Things,
not
Strings"
by
Google

5. Linked Open Data
1. オープンライセンス
2. 構造化データ
3. オープンな形式
4. URIによる識別 / W3C標準
5. 他データへのリンク

6. Linked Data Open Data
(データのWeb) (オープンライセンス)
RDF
(グラフデータモデル)

7. 執筆
子供
発行日
誕生日
出版社
所在地

8. 執筆
子供
発行日
モノの関係だけ
誕生日
出版社
ではなくデータ
自体もグラフに
所在地

9. データ形式
• Turtle (N3)
• JSON-LD
• RDFa
• Microdata
• RDF/XML
• TriG
• ......

10. Linked
LOV User Slideshare tags2con
Audio
Feedback 2RDF delicious
Moseley Scrobbler Bricklink Sussex
Folk (DBTune) Reading St.
GTAA
Magna- Lists Andrews
Klapp-
tune stuhl- Resource NTU
DB club Lists Resource
Tropes Lotico Semantic yovisto
John Music Man- Lists
Music Tweet chester
Hellenic Peel Brainz NDL
(DBTune) (Data Brainz Reading
subjects
FBD (zitgist) Lists Open
EUTC Incubator) Linked
Hellenic Library Open t4gm
Produc- Crunch-
PD Surge RDF info
tions
Discogs base Library
Radio Ontos Source Code
Crime ohloh Plymouth (Talis)
(Data News LEM
Ecosystem Reading RAMEAU
Reports business Incubator)
Crime data.gov. Portal Linked Data Lists SH
UK Music Jamendo
(En- uk
Brainz (DBtune) LinkedL
Ox AKTing) FanHubz gnoss ntnusc
(DBTune) SSW CCN
Points Thesau-
Last.FM Poké- Thesaur
Popula- artists pédia Didactal us rus W LIBRIS
tion (En- (DBTune) Last.FM ia theses. LCSH Rådata
reegle research patents MARC
AKTing) (rdfize) my fr nå!
data.gov. data.go Codes
Ren.
NHS uk v.uk Good- Experi-
Classical List
Energy (En- win flickr ment
(DB Pokedex Norwe-
Genera- AKTing) Mortality BBC Family wrappr Sudoc PSH
Tune) gian
(En-
tors Program MeSH
AKTing) semantic
mes BBC IdRef GND
CO2 educatio OpenEI web.org SW
Energy Sudoc ndlna
Emission n.data.g Music Dog VIAF
EEA (En- Chronic- Linked
(En- ov.uk Portu- Food UB
AKTing) ling Event MDB
AKTing) guese Mann- Europeana
BBC America Media
DBpedia Calames heim
Ord- Recht- Wildlife Deutsche
Open Revyu DDC
Openly spraak. Finder Bio- lobid
Election nance
legislation Local nl RDF graphie
Resources NSZL Swedish
Data Survey Tele- data Ulm
EU New Book
Project data.gov.uk graphis bnf.fr Catalog Open
Insti- York
URI Open Mashup Cultural
tutions Times Greek P20
UK Post- Burner Calais Heritage
codes DBpedia ECS Wiki
statistics lobid
GovWILD data.gov. Taxon iServe South- Organi-
LOIUS BNB
Brazilian
uk Concept ECS ampton sations
Geo World OS BibBase STW GESIS
Poli- ESD South- ECS
Names Fact- (RKB
ticians stan- reference ampton
data.gov.uk book Freebase Explorer) Budapest
dards data.gov. NASA EPrints
uk intervals Project OAI
Lichfield transport (Data DBpedia data
Guten- Pisa
Spen- data.gov. Incu- dcs RESEX Scholaro-
ISTAT ding bator) Fishes berg DBLP DBLP
uk Geo
meter
Immi- Scotland of Texas (FU (L3S)
Pupils & Uberblic DBLP
gration Species Berlin) IRIT
Exams Euro- dbpedia data- (RKB
London TCM ACM
stat lite open- Explorer) NVD
Gazette (FUB) Gene IBM
Traffic Geo ac-uk
Scotland TWC LOGD Eurostat Daily DIT
Linked UN/
Data UMBEL Med ERA
Data LOCODE DEPLOY
Gov.ie CORDIS YAGO New-
lingvoj Disea-
(RKB some SIDER RAE2001 castle LOCAH
CORDIS Explorer) Linked Eurécom
Eurostat Drug CiteSeer Roma
(FUB) Sensor Data
GovTrack (Ontology (Kno.e.sis) Open Bank Pfam Course-
Central) riese Enipedia
Cyc Lexvo LinkedCT ware
Linked PDB
UniProt VIVO
EURES EDGAR dotAC
US SEC Indiana ePrints IEEE
(Ontology totl.net
(rdfabout)
Central) WordNet RISKS
(VUA) Taxono UniProt
US Census EUNIS Twarql HGNC
Semantic Cornetto (Bio2RDF)
(rdfabout) my VIVO
FTS XBRL PRO- ProDom STITCH Cornell LAAS
SITE KISTI NSF
Scotland
Geo- GeoWord LODE
graphy Net WordNet WordNet JISC
(W3C) (RKB
Climbing
Linked Affy- KEGG
SMC Explorer) SISVU Pub VIVO UF
Piedmont GeoData metrix Drug
ECCO-
Finnish Journals PubMed Gene SGD Chem
Munici-
Accomo- El AGROV Ontology TCP Media
dations Alpine bible
palities Viajero OC
Ski ontology
Tourism KEGG
Ocean
Austria
Enzyme PBAC Geographic
Metoffice GEMET ChEMBL
Italian Drilling OMIM KEGG
Weather Open
public Codices AEMET Linked MGI Pathway
schools Forecasts
Data
Open InterPro GeneID Publications
EARTh Thesau- KEGG
Turismo
rus Colors Reaction
de
Zaragoza Product Smart KEGG
User-generated content
Weather DB Link Medi Glycan
Janus Stations Product Care KEGG
AMP UniParc UniRef UniSTS Government
Types Italian
Homolo Com-
Yahoo! Airports Museums pound
Ontology Google
Gene
Geo Art
Planet National
wrapper
Chem2 Cross-domain
Radio- Bio2RDF
activity UniPath
JP Sears Open Linked OGOLOD way
Life sciences
Corpo- Amster- Reactome
dam medu- Open
rates Numbers
Museum cator
As of September 2011
Linking Open Data cloud diagram, by Richard Cyganiak and Anja Jentzsch. http://lod-cloud.net/

11. AKTing) guese
BBC America Media
DBpedia
Ord- Recht- Wildlife
Open Revyu D
Openly spraak. Finder
Election nance
legislation Local nl RDF
EU Data Survey Tele-
data.gov.uk New Book
Insti- Project graphis York
URI Open Mashup
utions
UK Post- Times Greek
Burner DBpedia Calais
codes statistics
GovWILD data.gov. Taxon iServe
LOIUS BN
zilian
uk Concept
Geo World OS
oli- ESD Names Fact-
ians stan- reference book
data.gov.uk Freebase
dards data.gov. NASA
uk intervals Project
Lichfield transport (Data DBpedia data
Spen- Incu- Guten- dcs
data.gov.
ISTAT ding bator) Fishes berg
uk Geo
Immi- Scotland of Texas
Pupils & Uberblic
gration Species
Exams Euro- dbpedia data-
London TCM
stat lite open-
Gazette (FUB) Gene
Traffic Geo ac-uk
Scotland TWC LOGD Eurostat Daily DIT
Linked
Data Data
UMBEL Med
Gov.ie CORDIS YAGO
lingvoj Disea-
(RKB some SIDER
CORDIS Explorer) Linked
Eurostat Sensor Data Drug
(FUB) (Ontology Bank
GovTrack (Kno.e.sis) Open
Central) riese Enipedia
Cyc Lexvo LinkedCT
Linked PD
UniProt
EURES EDGAR
(Ontology
US SEC
(rdfabout) totl.net
Central) WordNet
(VUA) Taxono UniProt
US Census EUNIS Twarql
Semantic Cornetto (Bio2RDF)
(rdfabout) my
FTS XBRL PRO- ProDom
SITE
Scotland
Geo- GeoWord LODE
graphy Net WordNet WordNet
(W3C) (RKB
Climbing
Linked Affy-
SMC Explorer) SISVU metrix
Piedmont Journals GeoData PubMed Gene
Finnish
Accomo- El
Munici- AGROV Ontology
dations Alpine
palities Viajero OC
Ski
Tourism
Austria
Ocean GEMET
Metoffice ChEMBL
Italian Drilling OMIM
Weather Open
public Codices AEMET Linked MG
Data
schools Forecasts Open InterPro
EARTh Thesau-
Turismo
rus Colors
de
Zaragoza Product Smart
Weather DB Link
Janus Stations Product
AMP UniParc UniRef UniSTS
Types Italian
Yahoo! Airports Museums
Ontology Google
Geo Art
Planet National
Radio- wrapper
activity
JP Sears Open Linked OGOLOD
Corpo- Amster- Reactome
dam medu- Open
rates Numbers
Museum cator
Linking Open Data cloud diagram, by Richard Cyganiak and Anja Jentzsch. http://lod-cloud.net/

12. http://dbpedia.org/resource/Shinjuku_Station

13. % curl -IH 'Accept: text/html' http://dbpedia.org/resource/Shinjuku_Station
HTTP/1.1 303 See Other
Date: Fri, 25 May 2012 00:44:39 GMT
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
Connection: keep-alive
Server: Virtuoso/06.04.3132 (Linux) x86_64-generic-linux-glibc25-64 VDB
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Location: http://dbpedia.org/page/Shinjuku_Station
Content-Length: 0
% curl -IH 'Accept: text/n3' http://dbpedia.org/resource/Shinjuku_Station
HTTP/1.1 303 See Other
Date: Fri, 25 May 2012 00:43:57 GMT
Content-Type: text/n3; qs=0.8
Connection: keep-alive
Server: Virtuoso/06.04.3132 (Linux) x86_64-generic-linux-glibc25-64 VDB
Accept-Ranges: bytes
TCN: choice
Vary: negotiate,accept
Content-Location: /data/Shinjuku_Station.n3
Link: <http://mementoarchive.lanl.gov/dbpedia/timegate/http://dbpedia.org/resource/Shinjuku_Station>; rel="timegate"
Location: http://dbpedia.org/data/Shinjuku_Station.n3
Content-Length: 0

14. @prefix dbpedia: <http://dbpedia.org/resource/> .
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
@prefix ns4: <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix dbpedia-owl: <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/> .
@prefix schema: <http://schema.org/> .
@prefix yago: <http://dbpedia.org/class/yago/> .
..........................
dbpedia:Kokubunji_Station dbpprop:previous dbpedia:Shinjuku_Station .
dbpedia:Shinjuku_Station rdf:type ns8:_Feature .
dbpedia:Shinjuku_Station rdf:type dbpedia-owl:Infrastructure .
dbpedia:Shinjuku_Station rdf:type schema:Place .
dbpedia:Shinjuku_Station rdf:type yago:StationsOfKeioCorporation ,
dbpedia-owl:ArchitecturalStructure ,
owl:Thing ,
yago:RailwayStationsOpenedIn1885 ,
yago:StationsOfTokyoMetropolitanBureauOfTransportation ,
yago:StationsOfOdakyuElectricRailway ,
yago:RailwayStationsInTokyo ,
dbpedia-owl:Station ,
yago:StationsOfEastJapanRailwayCompany ,
dbpedia-owl:Place ,
yago:StationsOfTokyoMetro ;
owl:sameAs <http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/m/021vz0> ,
<http://sws.geonames.org/1852084/> ,
dbpedia:Shinjuku_Station .
.................

15. http://ja.dbpedia.org/resource/%E6%A0%B9%E6%B4%A5%E9%A7%85

16. http://sws.geonames.org/1850147/

17. http://linkedgeodata.org

19. https://www.facebook.com/pages/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC
%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6-The-University-of-Tokyo/
145679315467426

20. % curl -H 'Accept: text/turtle' http://graph.facebook.com/145679315467426
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix api: <tag:graph.facebook.com,2011:/> .
@prefix og: <http://ogp.me/ns#> .
@prefix fb: <http://ogp.me/ns/fb#> .
@prefix : <http://graph.facebook.com/schema/ /> .
@prefix page: <http://graph.facebook.com/schema/page#> .
</145679315467426#>
page:id "145679315467426" ;
page:name "東京大学 (The University of Tokyo)" ;
page:picture <http://profile.ak.fbcdn.net/static-ak/rsrc.php/v2/yN/r/cDKJtvtlYv5.png> ;
page:link <http://www.facebook.com/pages/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6-The-University-of-Tokyo/
145679315467426> ;
page:likes 185 ;
page:category "Local business" ;
page:is_published true ;
page:website <http://www.u-tokyo.ac.jp/> ;
page:is_community_page true ;
page:location [
:street "本郷7-3-1" ;
:city "Bunkyo-ku" ;
:state "Tokyo" ;
:country "Japan" ;
:zip "113-8657" ;
:latitude 35.713121050823 ;
:longitude 139.761098393 ] ;
page:phone "03-5841-1222" ;
page:checkins 4837 ;
page:talking_about_count 1147 .

21. SPARQL
• グラフクエリ言語
• SQL似
• グラフパターン
• HTTP
• 返答形式: XML, JSON, (CSV, TSV)
• SPARQL Endpoint

23. http://lod.ac/apps/lodac_location/

24. http://lod.ac/apps/yas/

25. Yokoh ama A rt S p o t
‣ 異なるLODのリソース同士のリンク
‣ 緯度・経度の範囲
ユーザ
Yokohama Art Spot
情報の取得 & 提示
JSO
SPARQL
L N
JSON
XM
R QL SPA
S PA RQ
L
PinQA ヨコハマ・アートLOD LODAC Museum
スポット情報 イベント情報 施設情報
イベン
質問 作品
ト
アーティ アーティ
ユーザ 回答 施設 所蔵館
スト スト
リンク

26. GeoSPARQL
• 効率的なクエリは各実装で独自拡張
• GeoSPARQL
• Open Geospatial Consortiumによる標準化
• 現在 Candidate ?
• Geospatial用語彙とクエリ拡張
• http://www.opengeospatial.org/projects/groups/geosparqlswg/
• http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/requests/80

28. まとめ
• Web = グローバルデータ空間
• 標準的な方法でデータアクセス
• つながることで新しい知見・応用