1. Automotive industry
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The automotive industry designs, develops, manufactures, markets, and
sells motor vehicles, and is one of the Earth's most important economic
sectors by revenue.
The term automotive industry usually does not include industries dedicated to
automobiles after delivery to the customer, such as repair shops and motor
fuel filling stations.
History
The first practical automobile with a petrol engine was built by Karl Benz in 1885
in Mannheim, Germany. Benz was granted a patent for his automobile on 29
January 1886, and began the first production of automobiles in 1888, after Bertha
Benz, his wife, had proved with the first long-distance trip in August 1888 (104 km
(65 mi) from Mannheim to Pforzheim and back) that the horseless coach was
absolutely suitable for daily use. Since 2008 a Bertha Benz Memorial
Route commemorates this event.
Soon after, in 1889, Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach in Stuttgart designed
a vehicle from scratch to be an automobile, rather than a horse-drawn
carriage fitted with an engine. They also are usually credited as inventors of the
first motorcycle, the DaimlerReitwagen, in 1885, but Italy's Enrico Bernardi, of
the University of Padua, in 1882, patented a 0.024 horsepower (17.9 W)
122 cc(7.4 cu in) one-cylinder petrol motor, fitting it into his son's tricycle, making
it at least a candidate for the first automobile, and first motorcycle.[1]:p.26 Bernardi
enlarged the tricycle in 1892 to carry two adults.[1]:p.26
Many decades, the U.S.A. led the world in total automobile production. In 1929
before the Great Depression, the world had 32,028,500 automobiles in use, and the
US automobile industry produced over 90% of them. At that time the U.S. had one
car per 4.87 persons.[2]After WWII the U.S. issued 3/4 of world's auto production.
In 1980 the U.S. was overtaken by Japan and became world's leader again in 1994.

2. In 2006, Japan narrowly passed the U.S. in production and held this rank until
2009, when China took the top spot with 13.8 million units. By producing 18.4
million units in 2011, China produced more than twice the number of second place
the U.S. with 8.7 million units, with in Japan third place with 8.4 million units.[3]
Main article: Automotive industry by country
Safety
Today’s vehicles are graded on stricter and more precise parameters than ever
before from weight to safety to durability and anywhere and everywhere in
between. New materials have brought out new techniques for construction and
vehicle design.[4] The introduction of plastics has advanced the technology used for
making newer vehicles.[5] New plastics technologies allow manufactures to answer
to the call for advancements. Plastics can be used in various technologies on
vehicles for structural safety to visual appearance. These new plastic innovations
allow new technologies to be used in vehicles for safety to comfort purposes.
Plastics also allow for cost effective changes to be made to newer vehicle while
still maintaining high safety and comfort requirements of the industry. These
advancements in plastic material usage in modern vehicles are the footholds for the
future of the automotive industry.[6]
Economy
Around the world, there were about 806 million cars and light trucks on the road in
2007, consuming over 260 billion US gallons (980,000,000 m3) of gasoline and
diesel fuel yearly.[7] The automobile is a primary mode of transportation for many
developed economies. The Detroit branch of Boston Consulting Group predicts
that, by 2014, one-third of world demand will be in the four BRICmarkets (Brazil,
Russia, India and China). Other potentially powerful automotive markets
are Iran and Indonesia.[8] Emerging auto markets already buy more cars than
established markets. According to a J.D. Power study, emerging markets accounted
for 51 percent of the global light-vehicle sales in 2010. The study expects this trend
to accelerate.[9][10]

3. World motor vehicle production
See also: List of countries by motor vehicle production
Global production of motor vehicles
By year
(cars and commercial vehicles)
Year Production Change Source
[11]
1997 54,434,000
[11]
1998 52,987,000 -2.7%
[12]
1999 56,258,892 6.2%
[13]
2000 58,374,162 3.8%
[14]
2001 56,304,925 -3.5%
[15]
2002 58,994,318 4.8%
[16]
2003 60,663,225 2.8%
[17]
2004 64,496,220 6.3%
[18]
2005 66,482,439 3.1%
[19]
2006 69,222,975 4.1%

4. [20]
2007 73,266,061 5.8%
[21]
2008 70,520,493 -3.7%
[22]
2009 61,791,868 -12.4%
[23]
2010 77,857,705 26.0%

5. By country
Main article: List of countries by motor vehicle production
[hide]
 V
 T
 E
« previous year Top 20 motor vehicle producing countries 2011 next year »
Motor vehicle production (units)
Country 1,000,000 2,000,000 3,000,000 4,000,000 5,000,000 6,000,000 7,000,000 8,000,000 9,000,000 10,000,000 11,000,000 12,0
China
United States 8,653,560
Japan 8,398,654
Germany 6,311318
South Korea 4,657,094
India 3,936,448
Brazil 3,406,150
Mexico 2,680,037
Spain 2,353682
France 2,294,889
Canada 2,134,893
Russia 1,988,036
Iran 1,648,505
Thailand 1,478,460
UK 1,463,999
Czech Rep. 1,199,834
Turkey 1,189,131
Indonesia 837,948
Poland 837,132
Argentina 828,771
Italy 790,348
Reference: "Production Statistics". OICA. Retrieved 2012-03-12.

6. By manufacturer
[hide]
 V
 T
 E
« previous year — Top motor vehicle manufacturing companies by volume
2010 next year »
Total motor vehicle production
Group 1,000,000 2,000,000 3,000,000 4,000,000 5,000,000 6,000,0007,000,0008,000,0009,000,00010,00
Key Cars Light Commercial Vehicles Heavy Commercial VehiclesHeavy Bus
Toyota 8,557,351
GM 8,476,192
Volkswagen 7,341,065
Hyundai Motor 5,764,918
Ford 4,988,031
Nissan 3,982,162
Honda 3,643,057
PSA 3,605,524
Suzuki 2,892,945
Renault 2,716,286
Fiat 2,410,021
Daimler AG 1,940,465
Chrysler 1,578,488
BMW 1,481,253
Mazda 1,307,540
Mitsubishi 1,174,383
Chana
1,102,683 2,378,052
Automobile
Tata 1,011,343
FAW 896,060 2,572,260
Geely 802,319
Chery 692,438
Fuji 649,954
Dongfeng Motor 649,559 2,769,883
Beijing
617,725 2,504,083
Automotive
AvtoVAZ 545,767

7. BYD 521,232
Isuzu 488,484
JAC 439,327
Brilliance 434,182
Great Wall 398,692
SAIC 346,525 3,620,653
Mahindra 292,149
Hafei 215,558
Volvo 191,560
Changhe 190,906
Jiangling 173,577
Proton 172,360
Key Cars Light Commercial Vehicles Heavy Commercial VehiclesHeavy Bus
Total: 77,743,862 Cars: 60,343,756 LCV: 13,370,432 HCV: 3,510,681Heavy Bus: 518,993
Numbers in italics are including joint ventures
Reference: "World motor vehicle production by manufacturer: World ranking of
manufacturers 2010". OICA. August 2011.

8. Company relationships
It is common for automobile manufacturers to hold stakes in other automobile
manufacturers. These ownerships can be explored under the detail for the
individual companies.
Notable current relationships include:[citation needed]
 Daimler AG holds a 20% stake in Eicher Motors, a 10.0% stake in KAMAZ, a
10% stake in Tesla Motors, a 6.75% stake in Tata Motors and a 3.1% in
the Renault-Nissan Alliance. They are in the process of selling back their 40%
stake (11% remaining) inMcLaren Group. This process will be finalized in
2011.
 Dongfeng Motor Corporation is involved in joint ventures with several
companies around the world, including: Honda (Japan), Hyundai(South
Korea), Nissan (Japan), Nissan Diesel (Sweden), and PSA Peugeot
Citroen (France).
 Fiat holds a 90% stake in Ferrari and a 58.5% stake in Chrysler.
 Ford Motor Company holds a 3% stake in Mazda and an 8.3% share in Aston
Martin.
 Geely Automobile holds a 23% stake in Manganese Bronze Holdings.
 General Motors and Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation (SAIC) have
two joint ventures in Shanghai General Motors andSAIC-GM-Wuling
Automobile.
 Hyundai Kia Automotive Group holds a 49.20% stake in Kia Motors (July
2011), that up from a previous 38,67%, but down from the 51% that it acquired
in 1998.
 MAN SE holds a 17.01% voting stake in Scania.
 Porsche Automobil Holding SE has a 50.74% stake in Volkswagen Group. Due
to liquidity problems, Volkswagen Group is now in the process of acquiring
Porsche.
 Renault and Nissan Motors have an alliance involving two global companies
linked by cross-shareholding, with Renault holding 44.3% of Nissan shares,
and Nissan holding 15% of (non-voting) Renault shares. The alliance holds a
3.1% share in Daimler AG.

9.  Renault holds a 25% stake in AvtoVAZ and 20.5% of the voting stakes
in Volvo Group.
 Toyota holds a 51% stake in Daihatsu, and 16.5% in Fuji Heavy Industries,
parent company of Subaru.
 Volkswagen Group holds a 37.73% stake in Scania (68.6% voting rights), and a
53.7% stake in MAN SE (55.9% voting rights). Volkswagen is integrating
Scania, MAN and its own truck division into one division.
 Volkswagen Group has a 49.9% stake in Porsche AG. Volkswagen is in the
process of acquiring Porsche, which will be completed in August 2012.
 Volkswagen Group has a 19.9% stake in Suzuki, and Suzuki has a 5% stake in
Volkswagen.

10. Top vehicle manufacturing groups <by volume>
The table below shows the world's largest motor vehicle manufacturing groups,
along with the marques produced by each one. The table is ranked by 2010 end of
year production figures from the International Organization of Motor Vehicle
Manufacturers (OICA)[24] for the parent group, and then alphabetically by marque.
Joint ventures are not reflected in this table. Production figures of joint ventures
are typically included in OICA rankings, which can become a source of
controversy.[25][26]
Country of
Marque Ownership Markets
origin
1. Toyota Motor Corporation ( Japan)
Lexus Division Global
Scion Division North America
Toyota Division Global
Global, except North America and
Daihatsu Subsidiary
Australia
Asia Pacific, North America and South
Hino Subsidiary
America
2. General Motors Company ( United States)
Alpheon Division South Korea

11. Buick Division North America, China, Israel, Taiwan
North America, Europe, Asia, Middle
Cadillac Division
East, Africa
Chevrolet Division Global, except Australia, New Zealand
GMC Division North America, Middle East
Holden Subsidiary Australia, New Zealand
Global, except North America and
Opel Subsidiary
United Kingdom
Vauxhall Subsidiary United Kingdom
3. Volkswagen Group AG ( Germany)
Audi Subsidiary Global
Bentley Subsidiary Global
Bugatti Subsidiary Global
Lamborghini Subsidiary Global
MAN Subsidiary Europe, Asia, Africa, South America
Scania Subsidiary Global

12. Europe, South America, Africa, Asia,
SEAT Subsidiary
Mexico
Škoda Subsidiary Global, except North America
Volkswagen Division Global
Volkswagen Commercial
Division Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia
Vehicles
4. Hyundai Motor Group ( South Korea)
Hyundai Division Global
Kia Subsidiary Global, except Mexico
5. Ford Motor Company ( United States)
Ford Division Global
North America, Middle East, Japan,
Lincoln Division
South Korea
Troller Subsidiary Latin America, Africa
6. Nissan ( Japan)
Global, except Japan, South America
Infiniti Division
and Africa

13. Nissan Division Global
7. Honda Motor Company ( Japan)
Acura Division North America, China
Honda Division Global
8. PSA Peugeot Citroën S.A. ( France)
Global, except North America, South
Citroën Subsidiary
Asia
Global, except USA, Canada, South
Peugeot Division
Asia
9. Suzuki Motor Corporation ( Japan)
Suzuki Division Global
Maruti Suzuki Subsidiary India, Middle East, South America
10. Renault ( France)
Europe, Latin America, Africa, Asia,
Dacia Subsidiary
except Japan
Global, except North America, South
Renault Division
Korea

14. South America, Asia, except Japan and
Renault Samsung Subsidiary
China
11. Fiat S.p.A. ( Italy)
Abarth Subsidiary Global
Alfa Romeo Subsidiary Global, except North America
Ferrari Subsidiary Global
Fiat Subsidiary Global
Europe and Japan (except UK and
Lancia Subsidiary
Republic of Ireland)
Maserati Subsidiary Global
12. Daimler AG ( Germany)
BharatBenz Subsidiary India
North America, South Africa,
Freightliner Division
Australia, New Zealand
Master Subsidiary Pakistan
Mercedes-Benz Division Global

15. Mitsubishi Fuso Subsidiary Global
Orion Subsidiary North America
Setra Division Europe, Asia, USA
Smart Division Global
Thomas Built Subsidiary North America
North America, Australia, New
Western Star Subsidiary
Zealand
13. Chrysler Group, LLC ( United States)
Global, UK and Republic of Ireland,
Chrysler Division
except Europe
Dodge Division Global, except Europe
Jeep Division Global
North America, South America,
Ram Division
Middle East
14. BMW AG ( Germany)
BMW Division Global

16. MINI Division Global
Rolls-Royce Subsidiary Global
15. Mazda Motor Corporation ( Japan)
Mazda Division Global
16. Mitsubishi Motors Corporation ( Japan)
Mitsubishi Division Global
17. Chana Automobile Company, Ltd ( People's Republic of China)
Chana Division China, South Africa, Europe
18. Tata Motors, Ltd ( India)
Hispano Subsidiary Europe
Jaguar Subsidiary Global
Land Rover Subsidiary Global
Tata Division Global, except North America
Tata Daewoo Subsidiary South Korea

17. 19. First Automotive Group Corporation ( People's Republic of China)
Besturn Division China
Freewind Subsidiary China
Haima Subsidiary China
Hongqi Division China
Jiaxing Subsidiary China
Vita Subsidiary China
Xiali Subsidiary China
20. Geely Automobile ( People's Republic of China)
Geely Division China, Russia, North Africa
Maple Division China
Volvo (Cars) Subsidiary Global
21. Chery Automobile Company, Ltd ( People's Republic of China)
Chery Division China, Africa, South East Asia, Russia

18. Riich Division China
Rely Division China
22. Fuji Heavy Industries, Ltd ( Japan)
Subaru Division Global
23. Dongfeng Motor Corporation ( People's Republic of China)
Dongfeng Division China
24. Beijing Automotive Industry Holding Corporation, Ltd ( People's Republic of China)
BAW Division China
Foton Subsidiary China
25. OAO AvtoVAZ ( Russia)
Global, except North America and
Lada Division
Portugal
26. BYD Auto ( People's Republic of China)
BYD Division China, Russia
27. Isuzu Motors, Ltd ( Japan)

19. Isuzu Division Global, except North America
28. Anhui Jianghuai Automobile Company, Ltd ( People's Republic of China)
JAC Division China
29. Brilliance China Automotive Holding, Ltd ( People's Republic of China)
Brilliance Division China, North Africa
Jinbei Subsidiary China
30. Great Wall Motor Company, Ltd ( People's Republic of China)
China, South Africa, Russia, North
Great Wall Division
Africa, Australia
31. SAIC Motor ( People's Republic of China)
China, United Kingdom, South
MG Motor Subsidiary
America
Roewe Division China
Soyat Division China
Yuejin Division China
32. Mahindra & Mahindra, Ltd ( India)

20. India, South East Asia, Europe, North
Mahindra Division
Africa, North America, Australia
SsangYong Subsidiary Global
Mahindra Reva Electric
Division India
Vehicles Private Limited
Mahindra Navistar
Division India
Automotives Ltd
33. Hafei Motor ( China)
Hafei Subsidiary China
34. AB Volvo ( Sweden)
Mack Subsidiary Global
Nissan Diesel Subsidiary Global
NovaBus Subsidiary North America
Prevost Subsidiary North America
Renault Trucks Subsidiary Global, except Japan
Volvo Trucks Division Global

21. 35. Jiangxi Changhe Automobile ( China)
Changhe Division China
36. Qingling Motors Company Ltd. ( China)
Qingling Division China
37. Proton Holdings, Bhd ( Malaysia)
Asia Pacific (except Japan and South
Proton Division
Africa), United Kingdom, Middle East
Lotus Subsidiary Global
38. Hunan Jiangnan Automobile ( People's Republic of China)
Jiangnan Division China
39. Chongqing Lifan Automobile Company, Ltd ( People's Republic of China)
Lifan Division China
40. Fujian Motor Industry Group Company ( People's Republic of China)
Soueast Division China
41. Kuozui Motors, Ltd ( Taiwan)

22. Kuozui Subsidiary Taiwan
42. Shandong Kaima ( China)
Kaima Division China
Jubao Division China
Aofeng Division China
43. Porsche Automobil Holding SE ( Germany)
Porsche Division Global
44. Chenzhou Gonow Nanyan Chifeng Vehicle ( People's Republic of China)
Gonow Division China
45. Ziyang Nanjun Automobile Co., Ltd. ( People's Republic of China)
Nanjun Division China
46. Rongcheng Huatai Motor ( People's Republic of China)
Huatai Division China

23. By total production
Counting the total production of all manufactures, from they beginning is hard
task, because of the often changes, dividing and buying. However some producers,
and independent sources give the stats:
 Toyota 200 000 000 vehicles as of July 2012 (after 77 years from beginning.[27]
Minor automotive manufacturers
Main article: Minor automotive manufacturing groups
There are many automobile manufacturers other than the major global companies.
They are mostly regional or operating in niche markets.