Sentences
A sentence is a group of
words that expresses a
complete thought.

Fragment
A group of words that
does not express a
complete thought

Identify whether the
following statements
are fragments or
complete sentences.

Sentence or Fragment?
• 1. Fun things to do during the
summer.
• 2. We went swimming at the
pool today.
• 3. Jumped off the high diving
board.

Sentence or Fragment?
• 4. Kelly wore a new swimsuit.
5. Floated on my back.
6. Next to the lifeguard stand.

Sentence or Fragment?
7. Jacob learned to do a flip.
8. Hold my breath underwater.
9. Towel, snorkel, mask, and
flippers.

Sentence or Fragment?
10. You should always wear
sunscreen.

Improve on the
following fragments
to create a complete
sentence.

1. hard working man
2. the newscast
3. a new beginning
4. a well-read individual
5. against a hundred foes

Write 10 simple
sentences about
you know about
Greek mythology.

Clause
A clause is a group of words that
contains a subject and a
predicate and is located within a
sentence.

Clause
• since she laughs at different
men
• I despise individuals of low
character
• because she smiled at him.

Phrase
A phrase is a collection of words
that may have nouns or verbals,
but it does not have a subject
doing a verb.

Phrase
• leaving behind the dog
• smashing into a fence
• before the first test
• after the devastation

Identify if the
following items
are clauses or
phrases

1. because He loves us
2. a big, expensive house
3. while the exams are going on
4. more or less secured
5. she answered the phone
6. during my stay at their house

Identify the clauses
and the phrases in
the following
sentences.

1. He held a party in his huge
mansion.
2. Standing straight, the soldier
accepted the medal.
3. His promises still stand in the
midst of problems and trials.

4. Right or wrong, you may
choose your response.
5. She dreams of having a strong
career in music.
6. After a long school day, the
students wanted a break.

Compound Sentence
A compound sentence
has two independent
clauses and is joined by a
coordinating conjunction.

Compound Sentence
Basically, a compound contains
two simple sentences.
- These independent clauses are
joined by a conjunction (for, and,
nor, but, or, yet, so).

Coordinating Conjuctions
1. I will not fear for I know that
God is with me.
2. She didn’t eat this morning so
she feels dizzy now.
3. Martha is very busy and she
still has plans tomorrow.

Coordinating Conjuctions
4. Mother is not at home nor is
she at the office.
5. My best friend doesn’t like to
watch movies but she will watch
them with me.

Coordinating Conjuctions
6. Dad said we can go to
Hongkong or we can go to
Singapore.
7. Sarah is in need yet she
generously gives.

FANBOYS
For- to show cause and effect
Ex. My parents are abroad for
they are working hard.

FANBOYS
And-joins things and ideas that
are alike.
Ex. He is a smart and he studies
hard.

FANBOYS
Nor- continues a negative idea
Ex. Jenny doesn’t listen to her
parents nor does she listen to
her teachers.

FANBOYS
But- to show an opposite or a
downside
Ex. He tried his best but he didn’t
win the prize.

FANBOYS
Or- shows a choice
Ex. We can eat at a Japanese
restaurant or we can eat at a
Chinese restaurant.

FANBOYS
Yet- to show a contrasting
relationship
Ex. She promised not to be late
yet she was the last one to
arrive at the party.

FANBOYS
So- to show cause and effect
Ex. It was a hot day so they
decided to go swimming.

Fill in the blanks
with the correct
coordinating
conjunction.

FANBOYS
1. Almost certainly not Oscar
Wilde's last words: "Either this
wallpaper goes _______ I do."

FANBOYS
2. Winston Churchill said, “History
will be kind to me, ________ I
intend to write it."

FANBOYS
3 . The only reason I intend to
take up jogging is _______ that I
can hear heavy breathing again.

FANBOYS
5. Discipline is hard ________ it
bears much fruit.
6. We can choose to be
honorable ______ we can
choose not to be.

Write your own
compound sentences
using each of the
coordinating
conjunctions.

Complex Sentence
A complex sentence
contains an independent
clause and
one or more dependent
clauses.

Independent Clause
An independent clause can stand
alone as a sentence.

Dependent Clause
A dependent clause cannot
stand alone as a sentence
and begins
with a subordinating
conjunction.

Complex Sentence
We got wet when we rode at the
river ride.
Since we are all going together
we decided to carpool.

Fill in the blanks
with the correct
subordinating
conjunctions.

Subordinating Conjunctions
1. He behaves ___ _________ he
rules the world.
2. We started moving _____ he
took his foot off the brake.

Subordinating Conjunctions
3. I am going to go _____ __ my
parents say I can’t.
4. ___________ _____ kill living
animals for food, I am going to
become a vegetarian.

Subordinating Conjunctions
5. I waited ________ my mom
paid for the groceries.
6. I ran _____________ I was
scared.
7. We will go running ______ we
tie our shoes.

Subordinating Conjunctions
8. We can eat lunch ___________
you like.
9. ______________ I get happy I
smile.
10. I’m not leaving ________ you
say you’re sorry.

Identify the
dependent clause
in the following
sentences.

Dependent Clause
1. Although they are found in
many cultures around the world,
murals have always been a
particularly important art form in
Mexico.

Dependent Clause
2. Some of the murals painted by
the Mayan artists in ancient
Mexico still survive, though
many are in poor condition.

Dependent Clause
3. Before the Mexican painter
Diego Rivera came on the scene,
twentieth-century Mexican
murals were relatively unknown.

Dependent Clause
4. Rivera designed extraordinary
murals before he died in 1957.

Dependent Clause
5. Many of Rivera’s murals depict
scenes from Mexican history
because Rivera believed that
Mexicans are defined by their
past.

Dependent Clause
6. After Rivera died, many
Mexican American muralists took
up his style and themes.

Dependent Clause
7. Some Mexican American artists
in Los Angeles paint murals
wherever they can find space.

Dependent Clause
8. The paint on public buildings so
that their work can be enjoyed
by many people.

Dependent Clause
9. So that the murals can be
easily seen, the muralists use
bright colors and bold, eye
catching designs.

Dependent Clause
10. As long as Hispanic culture
continues to thrive in the United
States, we will surely have many
colorful and exciting murals to
enjoy.

Combine the
following sentences
to create a complex
sentence.

Complex Sentence
1. I was doing my homework.
My brother was practicing
with his guitar.
2. We have to stand still. We
sing the national anthem.

Complex Sentence
3. Jax went to the supermarket.
He didn’t want to wait for us at
home.
4. I prefer singing. I was asked to
dance.

Identify if the
following sentences
are compound or
complex.

Compound or Complex
1. We watched a movie while
waiting for Dad arrive from
work.
2. Dina waited for hours but he
didn’t show.

Compound or Complex
3. His car is still broken even
though we took it to the
mechanic.

Compound or Complex
4. Unless they announced it
otherwise, our field trip is
cancelled.

Compound or Complex
5. Whenever Paul feels bored, he
would play video games.

Compound or Complex
6. Water and wind are the two
main causes of erosion, for they
constantly change the
appearance of the Earth.

Expand the following
sentences to make one
compound and one
complex sentence.

Sentence: The shoes she wants
are expensive.
Compound: The shoes she wants
are expensive so she needs to
save up for it.
Complex

Sentence: The shoes she wants
are expensive.
Complex: The shoes she wants
are expensive unless the are on
sale.

1. She likes watching scary
movies.
2. Gather all the ingredients you
need.
3. The Last of Us is my favorite
video game.

4. Linda is an animator.
5. Gary collects expensive
paintings.
6. Felix is learning how to drive.
7. Problem-solving is an
essential skill students should
have.

8. South Korea produces great
pop music called K-pop.
9. The president is campaigning
against violence.
10. Stella is a transfer student
from Africa.

Use the words from the
video to create one
compound and one
complex sentence.

Identify whether the
following sentences
are compound or
complex sentences.

Compound or Complex?
The children wants to go but the
family has to leave.
We are leaving as soon as she
arrives.

Compound or Complex?
We learn to speak before we
learn to read.
The door won’t open unless you
scan your fingerprint.

She went home early so she
could rest.
We should stop by the
washroom before we drive
through the highway.

The police should always be fit
for they run after criminals.
They can’t park outside the
school nor can they park beside
the school.

You should go before you
parents notice you were gone.
Whenever we would go to their
house, their dog would bark at
us.

Literature is also an art form that
people often overlook.
Even though their family is well-
off, they are very humble.

The Spartans chose to fight for
their freedom rather than be
enslaved by the Phoenicians.
Having children can be a burden
but it can also be a delight.