A review of all SNV technical support activities, outputs and results until end of 2010 is given in the (case study) document, prepared for SNV Corporate.

1. Netherlands development organisation
Montenegro
STRENGTHENING PRIVATE FORESTRY
IN MONTENEGRO (2008 – 2010)
CASE STUDY
by
Franc Ferlin
and
Mensura Nuhodzic
Podgorica, January 2011

2. Context
One third of Montenegrin forest and other forest land – which cover 54% of the
state territory - is privately owned. Because of strong human influence and non-
sustainable use in the past, the private forests are in much worst condition than the
state ones. The coppice forests and other, lower forest vegetation are now highly
dominating (84%) having much lower production potential. It is estimated that
there is about 50.000 private forest holdings in Montenegro. Consequently, the
private forests are pretty small scattered, although the situation is better than in
neighbouring countries. In spite of that, private forests play an important role in
household economy of private forest owners (PFOs), in mitigation of rural poverty
as well as in the local and national economy. They are important also for the
conservation of the nature and protection of the environment.
The situation in forestry before 2007, when the new forest policy development
proccess started, was characterised by a polarised relationship between private
forest owners (PFOs) and the Forest Administration (FA), and the lack of any
constructive communication. The FA’s way of work in carrying out the forestry
administrative procedures and professionally-technical activities for PFOs was
authoritative and non-service oriented. PFOs have not been organised yet by that
time. No any real forestry extension / education service existed.
In order to stimulate the communication and dialogue between PFOs and the FA, to
enable corresponding influence of PFOs on decision making in forestry, and to
establish the minimum institutional and human capacities of the weak private forest
sector in Montenegro, SNV started with technical support to it in 2006. The support
was firstly oriented to establishing the private forest owners associations (PFOAs) at
municipal level. By the middle of 2008, already 8 municipal PFOAs were registered,
representing majority of private forests of Northern Montenegro. Also the National
Private Forest Owners’ Association (NPFOA), serving as umbrella organisation, was
established by that time under exclusive SNV’s support.
In parallel to the establishing of PFOAs from 2007 to 2008 and later, SNV technically
supported and facilitated the National forest policy (NFP) development, in
collaboration with the Lux-Development “Forest sector development in Montenegro
(FODEMO)” project. Within that support, SNV took particular care for the
involvement of, and technical assistance to PFO(A)s. The resulting, inclusive NFP
document, which reflects the PFOs’ interests and needs, was adopted by the
Government in early 2008. It promotes, among others, the sustainable
management of state and private forests and anticipates Governmental technical
and financial support to private forests/owners. The document serves as framework
for development of new Forest law (FL), new Forestry strategy (FS) and
corresponding Budget programmes (BPs), as well as for institutional reforms and
building of human capacities.
Based on good experiences and results of the described SNV’s technical support, the
adopted NFP commitments and the expressed needs of clients, further support of
SNV to Montenegrin forest sector became indispensable, from that point on still in
more widened and comprehensive form. In addition to the support to private
forestry sector, it included also technical support to creation of new legal
framework1.
1
The assistance was carried out under the AA on Development of forest and related legislation in
Montenegro (9/2008 – 12/2009, extended to 5/2010) – client the MAFWM and is a matter of another
case study.
2

3. The case study includes technical support under three MOUs with the following four
AAs (for the period September 2008 - January 2011):
a) Organizational2 development, training and advocacy skills of NPFOA (3/2009 –
12/2009) - client the NPFOA;
b) Strengthening private forestry in Montenegro (9/2008 – 8/2010) - client the FA;
c) Strengthening private forestry and related forest owners associations’ capacities
in Montenegro (11/2008 – 8/2010) – client the NPFOA, and
d) Strengthening regulatory technical framework3 and human capacities for
sustainable forest management with particular attention to private forests
(9/2010 – 1/2011) – clients the Ministry of agriculture, forestry and water
management (MAFWM), the FA and the NPFOA.
The main stakeholders interested in the technical support were the FA’s local units,
the PFOAs and to lesser extent, the state forest concession holders. The main final
beneficiaries in terms of capacity building were forestry professionals, members of
NPFOA/PFOAs management boards and individual PFOs, and in terms of promotion
the school children and general public.
The technical support is in line with the UNFF (UN Forum on Forests) and the MCPFE
(Ministerial Conferences on Protection of Forests in Europe) forestry commitments
and guidelines, particularly related to the national forest programmes, and
contribute to realisation of the two MDG-based national development objectives:
environmental sustainability and poverty reduction. At the same time, the
interventions are in line with EU forestry, environmental and rural development
objectives.
Clients and partners
The main clients of the technical support were the NPFOA and the FA
(Headquarters). These are also two main institutions, representing private and state
forests and owners, playing crucial role in sustainable forest and forestry
development.
The NPFOA is a national umbrella organisation of municipal PFOAs and PFOs. Its
primary mission is to participate in elaboration of policies, programs and plans
related to forests and forestry with the aim to improve private forest condition,
protect interests and increase benefits of PFOs, while acknowledging the principles
of sustainability and environment protection. At the moment of establishing (in
2008), it represented 8 municipal PFOAs, while today 14 of them. Only Southern
Montenegro with predominantly coppice forests, macquis and bare land is not
represented yet (because of not enough interests to establish local PFOAs). Through
its mission, it plays also an important role in reduction of poverty of PFOs. All kinds
of technical support and capacity buildings, from the basic ones in terms of PFOA
administration and functioning, to the specific in terms of advocacy / representation
of PFOs’ interests and potential service provision to PFOA members, have been
needed. Potential of the NPFOA to influence the forest legislation and programmes
was estimated – based on the NFP experiences - as high. From the other side,
potential of the NPFOA to make a difference in the field of private forest
management, including appurtenant service provision to its members, was
estimated as very law, mainly because of non-existent financing support system4
2
The assistance was carried out under the AA on Further establishment of NPFOA and remaining
municipal PFOAs in Montenegro (6/2008 – 12/2009, extended to 3/2010) – client the NPFOA.
3
This part is included into another case study on Development of forestry legal and regulatory
framework.
4
This has not been improved neither by the new FL.

4. and lack of voluntary human capacities, as main constraints. However, its potential
outreach to numerous individual PFOs – through local PFOAs - could certainly be
very high.
The FA is a centralized state administration organ (directly under Government
structure) in form of agency, in charge for administrative-technical procedures for
all forests, the management and assuring utilisation of state forests and directing
the management of private forests. It has central and 15 local administration units
with about 460 public employees. The administrative-technical procedures and
barriers for private forests / PFOs, which were of our main interests, include felling
requests and approvals, obligatory marking and labelling of trees for felling5,
measuring and stamping of timber assortments at the felling sites and approving of
the sites (after forest order is made), and additional measuring and labelling of
timber assortments (before dispatching) at the forest road side6 which must be
accompanied with confirmations of their origin. An important, and until 2010 not
really implemented task of the FA is education of PFOs. The FA indirectly plays also
a role in mitigation of rural poverty, e.g. by providing fuel wood to local people
under favourable conditions and granting the rights for collecting of non-wood forest
products (NWFP) from state forests. The main FA capacity gaps in terms of private
forestry were identified in the forestry extension and communications skills (of
foresters), in contemporary forest planning, sustainable and multipurpose forest
management and forest-related business knowledge. Potential of the FA to make a
difference in terms of private forest management and particularly to outreach of a
big number of forest owners, with which the foresters regularly cooperate, is very
high. The main constraints in this regard are in the lack of quantity, quality and
non-appropriate age structure of forestry professionals in charge for private
forests/owners, in ill or non-existent equipment and serious budget limitations for
providing private forest services.
The main local partners as service providers were the Forestry Institute (FI) and the
Forestry and Wood Processing Secondary School (FWPSS). The FI was engaged with
provision of private forests data and information and the FWPSS with forest
promotion.
The main international partners were Lux-Development - through the FODEMO
project - and the Slovenia Forest service (SFS). The mission of the FODEMO project
– phase II (2007 – 2011) is to improve the institutional and technical framework
conditions for sustainable forest sector development in Montenegro”. As it is similar
to the SNV’s mission, a joint planning, coordination but also division of activities was
needed. Cooperation with the SFS contributed to the development of forestry
extension and a copyright for certain popular forestry education materials/brochures
in Montenegro.
Intervention logic and methods
The technical support included into the case study, contained the following goals by
individual fields of interventions with performed7 activities and methods used:
a) Strengthening the NPFOA functional capacities (from 2008 onwards), mainly by
SNV advisors, by:
5
Under the new FL, this activity could now be performed also by licensed private persons.
6
The responsibilities on the road side had now been transferred by the new FL from the FA to PFOs and
concession holders.
7
For rationality reason only the activities which have been realised, are presented.
4

5.  providing a minimum office and IT equipment (from the SNV’s written off
equipment);
 providing assistance to the PFOA management in completion of PFOAs’
membership lists;
 carrying out two (two-days) training workshops on internal strategic planning
and project cycle management skills (in workshop form) for the NPFOA board
members, in collaboration with local consultants;
 providing advice in preparation of an (IPA cross-border) project proposal
related to private forestry;
 providing temporary administrative and communication assistance (national
and international level);
 preparation of a popular information (brochure) on the NPFOA mission /
objectives.
The individual on-the-job learning and group learning (workshop-type)
approach were used.
b) Establishing the NPFOA’s professional advocacy / representation platforms and
its own capacities for influencing the creation of enabling legal and other
environment for sustainable development of private forest sector, by SNV
advisor, by:
 elaboration of expert proposals (in 2008 and 2009) on possible legal
solutions on e.g. adapted operational private forest planning; assured
participation of PFOs in the forest planning and decision making; adapted
timber harvesting procedures for PFOs (including marking of trees for felling,
harvesting requests and approvals, registering and labelling timber
assortments, approving of harvesting sites and issuing proofs of origin of
harvested timber); assuring benefits of PFOs from the (third persons’) use of
forest land, NWFP and forest function services including a mechanism for
financing the NPFOA and the PFOAs through that income from private
forests; introduction of compensations to PFOs for the lost income from
protected private forests; adapted regulation of forest administration and
extension service activities and possibilities for their privatisation / licensing;
reduced financial contribution / tax the PFOs have to pay to the budget;
introduction of an additional budget financing source from forest ecosystem
services and introduction of an EU harmonised system of financial incentives
to PFOs and PFOA;
 continuous representation PFOs’ and private sector’s interests through expert
facilitation of new FL drafting and assuring the enabling proposals are
included into Draft FL;
 providing technical bases for expression PFOs’ interests and needs
(publically) within the First Montenegrin forest forum and public consultations
on the Draft FL (all in 2010);
 providing expert advice for inclusion of PFOs’ interests and needs into forest
management and development planning methodologies (to the FODEMO
planning team);
 providing extensive expert review and recommendations, including
amendments, to the final Proposal of FL prepared by Government without
participation of stakeholders (in 2010);
 exploring possibilities and perform certain lobbying for Parliamentary political
support to private forest sector (in late 2010) in order to return some
(removed) PFOs’ benefits into the final FL proposal;
 temporary facilitation of NPFOA’s communication with forestry and other
national institutions and providing other brief forestry-related advices.

6. The expert experiences, individual and group work and consultations,
advocating and lobbying approaches were used.
c) Development of new forestry extension service model in organisational and
functional terms, by SNV advisor / consultant, based on:
 analysis of organization and functioning of administrative-technical activities
of the FA (in 2008) related to private forestry (within the FA);
 elaboration of a detailed list of forestry extension activities (in 2009),
included into draft FL;
 elaboration of final proposal for a new decentralised Forestry education and
extension service unit (within the FA), including forest related SME / business
promotion activities (in 2010), and a proposal for a new Forestry training
centre (within the NPFOA).
The expert experiences were used.
d) Introduction and strengthening of forestry extension and communication
capacities, by SNV advisor / consultant, based on:
 analysis of forestry education and training needs for foresters and PFOs (in
2008 and 2009);
 preparation of annual forestry extension / education plans for foresters and
PFOs (within the FA);
 carrying out a number of basic forestry extension and communication
trainings (in duration of 2 – 3 days each) for more than 70 foresters (5% of
women) of foresters as well as advanced forestry extension trainings (in
total duration of 6 - 12 days) for more than 15 candidates for the trainers
(20% of them women) (from 2008 onwards);
 preparation of two detailed training modules (on proper cutting of trees with
safety at work and tending of young forest) and two short education
materials / brochures (on aforestation and tending of young forest) for
publishing (in 2010);
 publishing of three short educational brochures (on tree cutting techniques
and maintaining chainsaw, based on translation of the SFS originals, in
edition of 9.000 pieces per brochure) and delivering them to the FA and the
NPFOA for distribution among PFOs and executors of forest operations (in
2010).
The participatory approach, the adults and group learning (workshop-type)
approach and expert experiences were used.
e) Introduction and strengthening of forestry business promotion capacities, by
SNV consultant, based on;
 analysis of forestry SME situation, including wood processing in Northern
Montenegro (in 2008);
 carrying out a complex training process of the Market analysis and
development (MA & D) methodology, developed by FAO (in total duration of
10 days), for five candidates for SME facilitators (in 2009 and 2010);
 elaboration of complete business plans for the most promising three forest-
related products / services and the three new pilot SMEs (in 2010);
 conducting of a corresponding knowledge transfer to the FA forestry and
other professionals (over 20 of them) in form of a half-day workshop (in
2010).
The participatory approach, the adults learning and group learning
(workshop-type) and expert experiences were used.
6

7. f) Development of new forest planning methods with participation of PFOs, by
SNV advisors / consultants (mainly in 2008), based on:
 preparation of a (Government to Government) project proposal on
development of integral forest development and management planning in
Montenegro8 (the FA and the MAFWM as beneficiaries);
 elaboration of a possible new forest management planning and information
system framework model with particular attention to private forests /
holdings, based on Slovenian experiences;
 advising the appurtenant (FODEMO) forest planning development teams by
an SNV advisor (in 2010).
The expert / advisory experiences and participatory planning approach were
used.
g) Introduction and strengthening of sylvicultural techniques for multipurpose
forest management with particular attention to private forests, by an SNV
advisor / consultant (in 2010), based on:
 introduction of international experiences and good practices from the
multipurpose sylviculture;
 conducting of experimental marking of trees for felling (by a local team of 4 –
7 specialists, under SNV’s expert guidance) in a number of selected forest
plots (7) in private and state forests, in few forest types (fir-spruce, spruce-
fir, beech) and districts (Pljevlja, Mojkovac, Kolasin) in Northern Montenegro;
 elaboration of educational material on principles and experimental results
and recommendations for implementation of the improved sylvicultural
systems and marking of trees for felling in every day practice;
 conduction a corresponding knowledge transfer to local forestry professionals
(over 25 of them) in form of a two-day’s field workshop.
The experimental approach including experimental forest plots, and expert
experiences were used.
h) Strengthening basic knowledge of PFOs on proper execution of forest
operations (in 2010), mainly by SNV advisors, based on:
 carrying out a larger number (more than 20) of one-day training courses for
PFOs (by the FA and the NPFOA trainers) on selected forestry operations, e.g.
aforestation, young forest tending, thinning with marking of trees, forest
order, forest protection, forest fires, tree cutting techniques and safety at
work, tailoring of timber assortments and maintenance of the chainsaw) for
more than 210 interested PFOs.
The adults’ and group learning approach was used.
i) Introduction and strengthening professional exchange between Montenegrin
and foreign private forest-related institutions (from 2008 to 2010), by SNV
advisors, by:
 facilitating cooperation with Confederation of European forest owners (CEPF)
and its project related to NPFOAs in selected WB countries;
 accompanying and empowering the representatives of the FA and NPFOA on
international meetings related to international private forest policy (Serbia,
2009) and rural development issues (Macedonia, 2010);
 carrying out two study visits to selected foreign countries (Austria and BiH, in
2009) for the NPFOA and FA representatives as well as two receptions of
8
This proposal has finally not been delivered by MAWFM to the Montenegrin EU Representation Office,
mainly because the FODEMO’s launching of a tender with the similar terms.

8. neighbouring NPFOA representatives (Macedonia, Kosovo and Albania in
2009 and 2010);
 providing other support to the international communication.
Existent personal and institutional connections were used.
j) Raising general public awareness on importance of forests, by SNV advisors,
by:
 a number of releases and reports on private forestry association issues and
activities in daily newspapers and local TVs;
 organising public promotion events on aforestation within European forest
weeks in collaboration with PFOs (in 2008) and for school children (in 2010,
by a trainer from the FA ).
Public relation and communication skills were used.
Outcomes
The technical support described under the intervention logic and methods has
contributed to the following outcomes:
 Established and improved basic functioning of the NPFOA including internal
administration, IT and action planning skills as well as capacity for
management and representation of the organisation and communication with
state forestry institutions;
 Established all necessary NPFOA’s professional advocacy / representation
platforms and its own, minimum capacity for influencing the creation of
enabling legal and other environment for sustainable private forest sector
development, resulting in adoption of an inclusive draft (and somewhat less
inclusive final) FL, as well as in participative forest planning concept9; the
empowered NPFOA (by such SNV’s expert support) recognized as a main
stakeholder and partner in the forest sector;
 Adopted management-level decision for establishing of a new Forestry
extension service unit (within the FA) at central and local levels, as well as
expressed interest for establishing of a new Forestry training centre (within
NPFOA);
 Established and improved forestry extension and communication capacities of a
significant number of foresters and candidates for trainers (within the FA and
the NPFOA) for successful forestry extension service provision, based on
contemporary public participation and adults’ learning approaches;
 Established forest-related business / SME promotion capacities of a minimum
number of candidates for trainers (within the FA and the NPFOA), based on a
specific MA & D approach, explored market possibilities and created technical
conditions (business plans) for registering of a few pilot SMEs;
 Developed a possible new forest management planning and information system
framework concept, with particular attention to private forests / holdings;
 Improved specific forestry knowledge of a significant number of forestry
professionals (mainly from the FA) on multifunctional forest management /
sylvicultural techniques and appurtenant marking of trees for felling, and
contemporary forest management planning, with particular attention to private
forests;
 Improved basic knowledge of a significant number of PFOs on proper execution
of various forest activites and operations;
9
The methodology currently under development (by the FODEMO).
8

9.  Improved professional exchange between national and foreign private forest-
related institutions;
 Raised public awareness on private forests and forestry, particularly on local
level.
Impact
The technical support has, through influencing the creation of enabling forestry
legal, organizational, functional, planning and business environment, through
improved capacities and performance of forestry institutions (the FA and the
NPFOA) and increased knowledge of PFOs about sustainable forest management,
significantly contributed to possibility for higher, more qualitative and save forest
production, higher need for employment and higher forest-related income from
private forests for PFOs as well as for other rural households (as it would be without
our technical support in the circumstances of global economic crisis), based on
principles of sustainability, mitigation of rural poverty and environment protection.
According the Annual report of the MAFWM10, the main forest sector result indicators
for 2010 are:
- increased forest production compared to 2009 for 36 %, realized largely on the
account of private forests (in which the index of realization of the plan was 1,45
times higher than in state forests);
- increased amount of tree seedlings planted (2.110.625 in all forests, of that
400.000 in private forests);
- increased contribution of the forest sector to GDP (statistical figure not available
yet).
In terms of other sectoral indicators, which are more of long-term nature, the
situation could be assessed as follows:
- the private forest area is increasing due to both, natural and the
denationalization processes;
- the private forest growing stock, increment and carbon stock are increasing;
- extent of private forest utilization work and number of forest operators are
increasing;
- income of private forest holdings is increasing.
Our technical support is certainly contributing to these sectoral indicators. More
concretely, significant economic benefits could potentially be realized, for example,
through the legally introduced:
- private forestry planning and technical assistance in forest utilization and
protection, which is gratis for PFOs (financed from state budget);
- subsidies to PFOs for sustainable forest management, which will increase their
income;
- decreased financial burden / tax needed to be paid by PFOs, which will lower
their forest related expenditures;
- various financial compensations to PFOs (for use of their forest land and forest
roads for different non-forestry purposes and for the lost income from protected
forests) as source of their additional income;
- rights for gratis collection and utilization of fuel wood as well as possibility for
selling of the fuel and technical wood under favorable conditions to local people
(for their own needs) from the state forests;
- the right for gratis collection of NWFPs by local people from the state forests
(only buyers/processors pay the compensation).
10
Available at http://www.minpolj.gov.me/vijesti/101959/Izvjestaj-o-realizaciji-medunarodnih-projekata-
u-sumarstvu-za-2010-godinu.html.

10. Whereas the first four benefits are directly contributing to the increased income of
PFOs, the last two of them are contributing to the increased income of other rural
people and the mitigation of rural poverty.
Lessons learned
Taking into account that our objectives were almost fully realised, it could be also
stated that our approaches worked very well. There was no any of them which did
not work.
The following lessons have been learned:
 An encouraging forestry extension potential already exists (in the FA) and
presents a real potential for establishment of a new forestry extension service
unit and its future work;
 Team approach which combines an international forestry advisor/consultant and
(best) selected national professionals is very efficient and brings most
satisfactions;
 Realization of planned forestry technical activities by local professionals is
however usually questionable because there is a small/limited number of
capable professionals available and different activities are often targeting the
same of them;
 Employees of forestry institutions do not refresh their basic forestry knowledge
(internal education do not exists) and are the more thankful for capacity building
/ education on new trends and developments in forestry;
 However, many forestry professionals already have a lot of knowledge and
experience, and they just need somebody to encouraged and guide them in
order to provide certain additional contribution.
Critical success factors which made the impact possible could be summarized as
follows:
 freshly established private forestry organization and PFOs were particularly
susceptible for good proposals;
 forestry professionals very much welcomed and were willing to accept
contemporary knowledge and international experiences;
 there was very good cooperation established with local forestry professionals;
 crucial in terms of ability to make a difference was in high professional and other
capacities of SNV advisors;
 crucial in terms of concrete cooperation was in assuring the SNV’s financial
support (also for the clients’ experts).
Sustainability
The outcomes of this case study are different in terms of sustainability for the
future. In general, such sustainability in the Montenegrin conditions, taking into
account specific peoples’ mentality, is hardly to achieve as there is lack of human
and financial capacities, enthusiasm, self-motivation, innovativeness, stimulation
and consequently preparedness of people to work and produce new values.
With regard to the NPFOA self-functioning and representation capacities, it could be
stated that it is not sustainable yet without external technical and financial support.
Main reason is in the fact that the system of financing of the NPFOA/PFOAs, which
would allow at least a part of professionalization, e.g. employment of forestry
professional(s), is not yet assured.
10

11. With regard to the FA, sustainability in terms of implementation of new forestry
extension organisation model seems to be assured after new systematisation is
adopted. Inclusion of specific forest business promotion activities within the forestry
extension unit, or the FA in general, does not seems to have a promising future,
also because of the fact that such activities are usually a domain of other agencies.
The forestry extension / advisory capacities of foresters, including some specific
contemporary forestry knowledge, are well assured for the near future. However,
further maintenance of the capacities and introduction of additional forestry
knowledge seems not to be self-sustainable without external technical and financial
support. Provision of the forestry extension services to PFOs and executors of forest
operations, except of obligatory administratively-technical businesses, resulting in
increased number of educated individuals, is also assessed as not assured for the
near future yet without additional technical and financial support from donors’
projects.
Sustainability in international professional knowledge exchange between private
forest-related institutions is also not assured yet without external technical
assistance. Similar seems to be true also in terms of forestry public promotion.
The final impacts of these case study interventions depend on the (level and quality
of) implementation of the new forest legislation and the clients’ capacities and
performances. They are all mainly of medium or long-term nature. Only the impact
of educated final beneficiaries, e.g. forestry professionals (who directly create the
forest development) and forest owners / operators (who execute the forest
operations) could be considered as immediate or short-term. However, also that
impact, when considered at sectoral level, could only be shown in long-term.
This case, which followed the national private forest sector development needs, has
already its follow-up and provides useful backgrounds for other international actors,
such as Lux-Development and EU. In order to sustain the SNV interventions for the
follow-up, including further development of forestry regulatory technical framework,
forestry capacity building, advocacy and related assistance, the SNV’s core financing
should continue indispensably.
The main opportunity in terms of partnership is continuation of the cooperation with
the Lux-Development which is also taken over the management of a new EU IPA
Forestry capacity building project. The FODEMO project extension (until 2012) and
the IPA project (2011-2013) are offering big opportunities for resource mobilisation,
mainly through competing on its future tenders for providing the forestry capacity
building services. However, the fact that SNV did not extend the contract with its
international forestry advisor and that it remains only with a local forestry advisor
now, is a serious bottleneck for such resource mobilisation.
Photos and quotes
Photos for this document are attached in compressed form and will be uploaded as
instructed.
Quotes
Mr Miodrag Bakic, President of NPFOA: “Thanks to SNV we obtained a most inclusive
draft forest law which optimally expresses private forest owners’ needs.”
Mr Joveta Terzic, Head of forest utilisation section of the FA: “It is very much
appreciated that we could work with SNV also in the very forest”.

12. Mr Vidan Jakic, Head of forest utilisation section of the FA: “SNV is assisting us in
not only how to develop the forest policy than also to tend the forest itself”.
Mr Dragoljub Ivanovic, local forestry engineer in the FA: “With its sylvicultural
assistance, SNV has returned as back to our forestry profession”.
Standard data
Start and end date of the contracts within which the interventions occurred:
 September 2008 – January 2011;
Composition of the team: SNV-staff/LCBs and external consultants:
 Franc Ferlin, Mensura Nuhodzic and Aleksandra Redzic as SNV staff, over 20
LCBs and 3 international consultants;
Number of PP-days invested per category (staff/LCB/external consultant):
 670 days (270 of advisors, 220 of LCBs and 180 of external consultants)
Relevant partnerships:
 non-formal partnership with Lux-Development FODEMO project and the Slovenia
forest service.
The financial resources invested (programme costs only):
 €66.000
Clients satisfaction and enhanced capacity scores:
 output – 3.90, outcome 3.88.
12