1. The Role of
Commitment Devices
and Self-shaping in
Persuasive Technology
+ CHI EA ’11
-Neema Moraveji et al.
/최진한
x 2014 Winter
2. The Role of
Commitment Devices and Self-shaping
in Persuasive Technology
Neema Moraveji
Learning Sciences and Tech Design Stanford University
Rio Akasaka
Human-Computer Interaction Stanford University
Roy Pea
Learning Sciences and Tech Design Stanford University
BJ Fogg
Persuasive Technology Lab Stanford University
!
!
CHI 2011 Work-in-Progress
최진한
1/8/2014
3. Overview
Goal
First explore the role of self-shaping in the minds of expert users
Identify how they use self-shaping
Provide a framework for explaining different kinds of self- shaping
!
Contents
Three approaches to persuasive technology design
Self-shaping through persuasive systems
Three formative studies
Discussion and Conclusion
4. Three approaches to persuasive technology design
1. External shaping of behavior
2. Self-managed behavior change
3. Self-shaping: A blended approach
5. > 1. External shaping of behavior
Supply-side / demand-side
!
Concerned with shaping the user’s behavior (O)
!
Training or instructing users to change their own behavior (X)
!
Suggestion, Perception cues, Peer Influence
6. > 2. Self-managed behavior change
Train users to manage their own behavior change
!
Informing, Enabling, Motivating, Guiding
!
Personal Informatics tools
7. > 3. Self-shaping: A blended approach
Self-shaping
blend both media-managed and self-managed behavior change
!
Self-shaping tools
미래의 행동 변화를 형성하는 기술을 유발하는 사용자를 활성화 시키는 것들
!
User actions could be in the form of creating commitment devices or introducing
persuasion strategies.
!
Commitment device
더 실질적인 미래 행동을 위한 현재의 의도를 만드는 방법
way to change one's own incentives to make an otherwise empty promise
credible
8. Self-shaping through persuasive systems
가능한 시스템 디자인
leveraging cognitive biases
granular control of peer influence
reputation management
hiding future choices
context-specific punishment/reward
more..
!
Default choices are extremely important design decisions.
!
!
9. Three formative studies
Study 1: Self-tracking to behavior change
!
Study 2: User-generated self-shaping designs
!
Study 3: Features that support self-shaping
!
10. > Study 1: Self-tracking to behavior change
Goal
identify how expert users see the role of self-shaping in the tools they use
!
Web-based survey participant
18 Quantified Self interest group, 5 비전문가 (30.5세, 여성 13명)
!
행동 변화에 툴(e.g. food diaries, pedometers)을 사용함으로 self-discipline의 요구가 높
아졌는지 낮아졌는지 질문
!
7점 likert scale(1: no self-discipline)
Self-discipline required to implement a desired behavior: 4.4 (SD=0.8)
With the right tool, 3.4 (SD=0.9)
!
Self-discipline is required regardless of tool use
11. > Study 2: User-generated self-shaping designs
41 experts posted 65 self-shaping designs on website.
!
Self-shaping ability/paths
force myself to, make it easier to, make it harder to, so I can’t,
Self-shaping triggers
remind, attention, tells me to
Self-shaping motivation
force myself to, guilt me, motivate me, look forward
12. > Study 2: User-generated self-shaping designs
!
Result 1. The practice of self-shaping is a function of the individual, not the
tool or technology
!
Result 2. The clearer the intention of a future concrete behavior is, the more
personalized the self-shaping design was.
!
Result 3. Salience of self-shaping features differs greatly between tools
(computer printer / alarm clock)
!
Result 4. Tools vary widely in how flexible their self-shaping use is
(online calendar / pedometer)
13. > Study 3: Features that support self-shaping
Reviewed 67 tools
!
Flexible
Appliances
Flexible
Self-shapers
Fixed-use
Appliances
Fixed-use
Self-shapers
14. Conclusion
Self-shaping and commitment devices are not clearly conceptualized of in the minds
of even expert users.
!
By the fundamental attribution error, users attribute behavior change to self-discipline.
!
!
!
