The document describes the steps involved in resolving a URL to an IP address and retrieving a webpage. It involves:
1. The browser sends a DNS query to resolve the domain name to an IP address, going through a hierarchy of DNS servers starting from the root servers down to the authoritative name servers.
2. Once the IP address is obtained, the browser uses TCP to establish a connection and sends an HTTP request to the web server at that IP address.
3. The web server responds with the HTML content which the browser then parses and renders to display the webpage. Traceroute commands are shown to trace the path packets take from the local network to the destination server.
100. Content-Type: text/html
Date: Thu, 22 May 2014 05:34:47 GMT
Last-Modified: Fri, 09 Aug 2013 23:54:35 GMT
Content-Length: 1270
<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Example Domain</title>
</head>
<body>
<div>
<h1>Example Domain</h1>
<p>This domain is established to be used for
domain in examples without prior coordination
</div>
</body>
</html>
104. $ curl http://www.example.com
<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Example Domain</title>
</head>
<body>
<div>
<h1>Example Domain</h1>
<p>This domain is established to be used for
domain in examples without prior coordinatio
</div>
</body>
</html>
105. $ curl --head http://www.example.com
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Cache-Control: max-age=604800
Content-Type: text/html
Date: Thu, 22 May 2014 05:42:26 GMT
Etag: "359670651"
Expires: Thu, 29 May 2014 05:42:26 GMT
Last-Modified: Fri, 09 Aug 2013 23:54:35 GMT
Server: ECS (cpm/F858)
X-Cache: HIT
x-ec-custom-error: 1
Content-Length: 1270