強大的後台管理系統（Django Admin），是 Django 在眾多網站框架中脫穎而出的主因之一。 不僅擁有快速開發的特性，也保留了深度客製的彈性。 本次演講將透過接案的情境，分享如何針對不同需求，修改顯示欄位、排序、Filter、搜尋、權限管理、介面優化等需要客製化的項目。 只要學會了這些技巧，人人都可以用 Django Admin 接案！ #pycontw2016

1. Big Data, Better Decision
Michelle Leu @flywindy
PyCon Taiwan 2016 #PyConTW2016
那些年，
我⽤ Django Admin 接的案⼦

3. Once upon the time…
Facial bed –
The story has just begun
• A chain of SPA (10+ branches)
• Paper work -> Computer record

4. Why use Django Admin?
Django Admin - the automatic admin interface
• Django 1.9 - big updates after 8 years
• No requirements of design
• It’s all about records

5. Agenda
• Django Admin Overview
• Scenario
• User permission
• Filter Birthday
• Membership
• Customized UI

6. Django Admin Overview
AdminSite
ModelAdmin
ChangeList

7. Scenario
Account
Branch
m
n
class Account(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
birthday = models.CharField(
max_length=5, blank=True, default='00.00',
)
mobile = models.CharField(max_length=20)
email = models.EmailField(blank=True)
…...
branches = models.ManyToManyField(
Branch,
through='Membership'
)
class Branch(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
phone = models.CharField(max_length=15, blank=True)
address = models.CharField(max_length=255, blank=True)

8. User permission
Users:
• Superuser – user management
• Headquarters – all models
• Brand managers – part of models about
records

9. Custom AdminSite
Why?
• Root and login templates
• Difference Admin URLs
hLp://localhost:8000/admin/
hLp://localhost:8000/

10. Custom AdminSite
Step:
1. Create an instance of your
AdminSite subclass
# core/admin.py
from django.contrib import admin
class MyAdminSite(admin.AdminSite):
site_header = 'My Admin'
site_url = None
index_template = 'admin/index.html'
admin_site = MyAdminSite(name='myadmin')
admin_site.disable_acSon('delete_selected')

11. Custom AdminSite
Step:
2. Register your models and
ModelAdmin subclasses with it
instead of using the default.
• admin_site.register(Account, AccountAdmin)
• @admin.register(Account, site=admin_site)
class AccountAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
…
# account/admin.py
# from django.contrib import admin
# admin.site.register(Account)
from core.admin import admin_site
admin_site.register(Account)
# project/urls.py
from django.contrib import admin
from core.admin import admin_site
urlpaLerns = [
url(r'^', admin_site.urls),
url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
]
3. Update urls.py

12. Filter Birthday
By months
• SimpleListFilter
• list_filter
# account/admin.py
class BirthdayListFilter(admin.SimpleListFilter):
Stle = 'Birthday by month'
parameter_name = 'birthday'
def lookups(self, request, model_admin):
return (
('01', 'Jan'),
('02', 'Feb'),
…
('12', 'Dec'),
)
def queryset(self, request, queryset):
if self.value():
month = self.value() + '.'
return queryset.filter(birthday__contains=month)
class AccountAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_filter = (BirthdayListFilter)

13. Membership
• Many-to-many field # account/models.py
class Membership(models.Model):
member_id = models.CharField(
max_length=20,
default='',
blank=True
)
account = models.ForeignKey(Account)
branch = models.ForeignKey(Branch)
def __str__(self):
return self.member_id
Account
Branch
m
n
Membership

14. Membership
• list_display
• list_display_links
• A string representing an
attribute on the
ModelAdmin.
Account
Branch
m
n
Membership
# account/admin.py
class AccountAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ('member_id', 'name', 'birthday', 'mobile')
list_display_links = ('member_id', 'name')
def member_id(self, obj):
memberships = Membership.objects.filter(
account=obj,
branch__name=self.request.user.first_name
)
if memberships.count() > 0:
return memberships[0].member_id
return ''

15. Membership
InlineModelAdmin
• TabularInline
• StackedInline
• options
• extra
• max_num
• min_num
# account/admin.py
class MembershipInline(admin.StackedInline):
model = Membership
extra = 0
min_num = 1
class AccountAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
inlines = (MembershipInline,)

16. Customized UI

17. Before overwriting
• fieldsets
class AccountAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
fieldsets = (
(None, {
'fields': (
'name', 'mobile', 'birthday',
('address', 'email'),
)
}),
('experience', {
'classes': ('collapse',),
'fields': ('start_date', 'first_branch', 'source'),
}),
)

18. Before overwriting
• date_hierarchy
• DateField or DateTimeField
# account/admin.py
class AccountAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
date_hierarchy = 'start_date'

19. Before overwriting
• empty_value_display
• New in Django 1.9
• The default value is - (a dash)
• format_html
• raw_id_fields
• Change into an Input widget for either a ForeignKey or
ManyToManyField
def colored_name(self):
return format_html('<span style="color: #{};">{} {}</span>',
self.color_code,
self.first_name,
self.last_name)

20. Before overwriting
• list_editable
• Any field in list_editable must also be in list_display. You can’t edit a field that’s not displayed!
• The same field can’t be listed in both list_editable and list_display_links – a field can’t be both a form
and a link.
# account/admin.py
class AccountAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ('member_id', 'name', 'birthday', 'mobile')
list_display_links = ('member_id', 'name')
list_editable = ('birthday', 'mobile')

21. Renaming
• Model field - verbose_name
• Models - Meta class
• verbose_name
• verbose_name_plural
• App - AppConfig (Django 1.7+)
• A string representing an attribute on the ModelAdmin ex: member_id
• short_descripSon

22. Template Architecture
https://github.com/django/django/tree/master/
django/contrib/admin/templates/admin
base.html
base_site.html
Index.html
app_index.html
login.html
change_list.html
change_form.html
…

23. Overwrite templates
1. Set up your projects admin template directories
• templates/admin/
2. To override an admin template for a specific app
• templates/admin/my_app/
3. Just overriding not replacing
• block
4. Templates which may be overridden per app or model
• app_index.html, change_form.htm, change_list.htm, deleteconfirmaSon.html,
object_history.html
5. Root and login templates – AdminSite
• login_template, logout_template, password_change_template…

24. How to customize JS and CSS
a. Overwrite base.html
b. Define assets in ModelAdmin (the Media class)
class ArScleAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
class Media:
css = {
"all": ("my_styles.css",)
}
js = ("my_code.js",)

25. django-admin-views
Easily link custom admin views and
direct URLs into the Django admin

26. Django admin packages
https://www.djangopackages.com
• Django Suit - Django Girls Website
• Django JET

27. Summary
When to use Django Admin
• Design
• write you view and tmeplate
• No design
• Django Admin package
• Customize your django admin
Next
• Python Web Meetup

28. PyCon Taiwan 2016 Talks
R0
Day 2 16:20 - 16:45
Write your own micro data
processing framework in python
CEO CTOGM
Django Girls Taipei
hLp://djangogirls.org/taipei
2016.06.04 BoF X PyLadies
2016.07.09 Django Girls Workshop #4
Day 3 10:30 – 10:55
Python 的 50 道陰影
Day 3 11:00 – 11:25
Analyzing Chinese Lyrics with
Python

29. THANK YOU
info@gliacloud.com / 886 2 2752 8851
Unit.3, 11F., No.48, Fuxing N.Rd., Zhongshan Dist., Taipei City 104, Taiwan