1. 1
Anatomy & PhysiologyAnatomy & Physiology
Semester 2 Final Exam ReviewSemester 2 Final Exam Review
Dr. F. Anthony FialaDr. F. Anthony Fiala

2. 2
The conducting passageways of the
respiratory system include all of the
following structures except
Alveoli
Larynx
Nose
Pharynx
Trachea

3. 3
Answer:
alveoli

4. 4
The respiratory conducting passageways
perform all of the following functions except
Exchange gases
Humidify air
Purify air
Warm incoming air

5. 5
Answer:
exchange gases

6. 6
What is the role of mucus in the nasal cavity?

7. 7
Answer:
trap incoming bacteria and
other foreign debris

8. 8
Cilia of the trachea that beat continually
propel contaminated mucus
Toward the throat to be swallowed or spat out
Toward the nose to be sneezed out
Toward the epiglottis to be coughed out
Toward the lungs to be encapsulated
Toward the glottis to be hiccupped out

9. 9
Answer:
Toward the throat to be swallowed
or spat out

10. 10
Which one of the following is not part of the
respiratory zone?
Respiratory bronchioles
Alveolar ducts
Alveolar sacs
Alveoli
Primary bronchi

11. 11
Answer:
Primary bronchi

12. 12
Name the type of tissue of which alveoli are
composed.

13. 13
Answer:
simple squamous epithelium

14. 14
The gas exchange that occurs between blood
and tissue cells at systemic capillaries is
called
Pulmonary ventilation
Expiration
Internal respiration
External respiration
Respiratory gas transport

15. 15
Answer:
Internal respiration

16. 16
The most important chemical stimuli leading
to increased rate and depth of breathing is
Decreased oxygen level in the blood
Increased blood pH
Increased carbon dioxide in the blood
Increased hydrogen ion in the blood
Decreased carbon dioxide in the blood

17. 17
Answer:
Increased carbon dioxide in
the blood

18. 18
Name the cahmber of the heart that receives
blood from the systemic veins.

19. 19
Answer:
right atrium

20. 20
Name the structure that divides the left from
the right ventricle.

21. 21
Answer:
interventricular septum

22. 22
Which of the following represents the correct
path for the transmission of an impulse in the
intrinsic conduction system of the heart?
AV node  SA node  bundle of His  R & L bundle branches 
Purkinje fibers
AV node  bundle of His  SA node  Purkinje fibers  R & L bundle
branches
SA node  AV node  bundle of His  R & L bundle branches 
Purkinje fibers
SA node  AV node  R & L bundle branches  bundle of His 
Purkinje fibers

23. 23
Answer:
SA node  AV node 
bundle of His  R & L bundle
branches  Purkinje fibers

24. 24
What causes the “Dup” sound when
auscultating the heart?

25. 25
Answer:
closure of the semilunar
valves

26. 26
What effect does the vagus nerve have on
heart activity and cardiac output?
No change in heart rate and decreased cardiac
output.
Decreased heart rate and decreased cardiac output.
Decreased heart rate and increased cardiac output.
Increased heart rate and increased cardiac output.
Increased heart rate and decreased cardiac output.
Decreased heart rate and no change in cardiac
output.

27. 27
Answer:
Decreased heart rate and
decreased cardiac output.

28. 28
Identify the formed element that is most
abundant in blood.

29. 29
Answer:
erythrocytes

30. 30
Identify the proper sequence of hemostasis.
Platelet plug formation, coagulation, vascular
spasm.
Vascular spasm, coagulation, platelet plug
formation
Vascular spasm, platelet plug formation,
coagulation
Coagulation, platelet plug formation,
vascular spasm

31. 31
Answer:
Vascular spasm, platelet plug
formation, coagulation

32. 32
Name the organ largely responsible for the
synthesis of clotting factors.

33. 33
Answer:
liver

34. 34
Fluid forced out of the capillary beds by
hydrostatic and osmotic pressures and into
the tissue spaces is called

35. 35
Answer:
lymph

36. 36
Identify the body’s first line of defense
against disease causing micro-organisms.

37. 37
Answer:
skin and mucous membranes

38. 38
Which of the following is not one of the
nonspecific body defenses.
Intact skin
The inflammatory response
Fever
Natural killer cells
Antibody production

39. 39
Answer:
Antibody production

40. 40
Name the four common indicators of the
inflammatory response.

41. 41
Answer:
rubor (redness), heat (calor),
swelling (tumor), & pain (dolor)

42. 42
Identify the correct order through which food
passes in the alimentary canal.
Mouth  espohagus  stomach  large intestine 
small intestine
Mouth  esophagus  pharynx  stomach  small
intestine  large intestine
Pharynx  esophagus  stomach  jejunum  colon
 duodenum
Mouth  esophagus  stomach  duodenum  ileum
 jejunum
Esophagus  stomach  doudenum  jejunum  colon

43. 43
Answer:
Esophagus  stomach 
doudenum  jejunum  colon

44. 44
Which of the following is not a layer of the
alimentary canal.
Mucosa
Muscularis mucosa
Muscularis interna
Muscularis externa
Submucosa
Serosa

45. 45
Answer:
Muscularis interna

46. 46
Identify the organ in which protein digestion
begins.

47. 47
Answer:
stomach

48. 48
Identify the location into which the
pancreatic and bile ducts empty their
contents.

49. 49
Answer:
duodenum

50. 50
Identify the primary function of the small
intestine.

51. 51
Answer:
absorption of nutrients

52. 52
Which of the following does not improve
absorption.
Cytoplasmic extensions
Circular folds
Micovilli
Plicae circularis
Peyers patches
Villi

53. 53
Answer:
Peyers patches

54. 54
Food becomes a bolus which becomes
chyme. Name the organ responsible for
removing water content from the indigestible
food remnants.

55. 55
Answer:
large intestine (colon)

56. 56
Identify the accessory organ that is capable
of breaking down lipids, carbohydrates,
proteins, and nucleic acids.

57. 57
Answer:
Pancreas

58. 58
How does segmentation differ from
peristalsis?

59. 59
Answer:
Peristalsis is the propulsion
of food from one organ to the next
and segmentation is moving food
back and forth within an organ.

60. 60
Name the monomer building blocks of
protein, carbohydrate, lipid and nucleic acid.

61. 61
Answer:
amino acid, monosaccharide,
fatty acid/glycerol, nucleotide

62. 62
Identify the nutrient that is broken down by
salivary amylase.
Protein
Lipid
Starch
Vitamins
Minerals
Nucleic acid

63. 63
Answer:
Starch

64. 64
Which one of these is not a main function of
the liver.
To store glucose
To add bile during digestion
To add water to the alimentary canal
To degrade hormones
To detoxify drugs

65. 65
Answer:
To add water to the
alimentary canal

66. 66
Which one of these is not a main function of
the kidney.
Manufacture urine
Convert vitamin D to its active form
Dispose of metabolic waste products
Regulate blood volume
Regulate blood pH
Aid in digestion

67. 67
Answer:
Aid in digestion

68. 68
Identify the correct order of the nephron.
Glomerulus  PCT  Loop of Henle 
DCT  collecting tubule
Glomerulus  PCT  DCT  Loop of
Henle  collecting tubule
Glomerulus  collecting tubule  PCT 
DCT  Loop of Henle
Glomerulus  collecting tubule  PCT 
Loop of Henle  DCT

69. 69
Answer:
Glomerulus  PCT  Loop
of Henle  DCT  collecting
tubule

70. 70
Identify the nonselective, passive process
performed by the glomerulus that forms
blood plasma without blood proteins.

71. 71
Answer:
filtration

72. 72
Name the tube that connects the renal hilus
of the kidney to the urinary bladder.

73. 73
Answer:
ureter

74. 74
What is the purpose of rugae in the urinary
bladder?

75. 75
Answer:
Rugae allows the bladder to
expand as urine accumulates
within.

76. 76
Name the voluntarily controlled skeletal
muscle sphincter found in the urinary
bladder.

77. 77
Answer:
external urethral
sphincter

78. 78
Carbon dioxide is transported in the blood as

79. 79
Answer:
bicarbonate ion

80. 80
The most potent of all mechanisms and
substances that the body uses to regulate
blood pH are
Respiratory system controls
The kidneys
Hormones
The buffer system
Enzymes

81. 81
Answer:
the kidneys

82. 82
Identify the type of cartilage of which the
trachea is composed.

83. 83
Answer:
hyaline

84. 84
Identify the four components of the
respiratory zone.

85. 85
Answer:
respiratory bronchioles
(tertiary), alveolar ducts, alveolar
sacs, and alveoli

86. 86
Concerning the concentration gradient, in
which direction does solute diffuse?

87. 87
Answer:
To areas of lower
concentration

88. 88
To which type of valves are chordae
tendineae attached?

89. 89
Answer:
AV valves

90. 90
What composes the largest percentage of
blood plasma?

91. 91
Answer:
water

92. 92
How do macrophages find bacteria in the
interstium?

93. 93
Answer:
chemotaxis

94. 94
True or False
Lymph capillaries have blind ends but blood
capillaries do not.

95. 95
Answer:
True

96. 96
True or False.
The innermost layer of the serosa in the
abdomen is called visceral peritoneum.

97. 97
Answer:
True

98. 98
True or False.
Microvilli are projections of the mucosa and
are found in all regions of the digestive
system to improve absorption of nutrients.

99. 99
Answer:
False

100. 100
True or False.
The hilus of the kidney contains the renal
artery, renal vein, and the renal nerve.

101. 101
Answer:
False

102. 102
True or False.
Filtration in the glomerulus removes the
large particles from the filtrate.

103. 103
Answer:
True

104. 104
Name the part of the cardiac cycle when the
coronary system is emptying of blood.

105. 105
Answer:
ventricular systole

106. 106
Name the part of the cardiac cycle when the
tricuspid and bicuspid valves are open.

107. 107
Answer:
ventricular diastole

108. 108
Name the part of the cardiac cycle when both
of the semilunar valves are closed.

109. 109
Answer:
ventricular diastole

110. 110
Name the type of blood vessel in which
diffusion occurs.

111. 111
Answer:
capillaries

112. 112
Identify the blood type that has no antigens.

113. 113
Answer:
Blood Type O

114. 114
Name the blood type that contains “A”
antigens.

115. 115
Answer:
Blood type A

116. 116
The blood type that can receive blood types
B and O only.

117. 117
Answer:
Blood type B

118. 118
The blood type that is the universal donor.

119. 119
Answer:
Blood type O

120. 120
Name the category of nutrients in which
calcium and potassium belong.

121. 121
Answer:
Minerals

122. 122
Which of the following is the correct order in
which urine flows?
Collecting tubule  minor calyx  major calyx 
renal pelvis ureter  urinary bladder  urethra
Collecting tubule  minor calyx  major calyx 
kidney  ureter  urinary bladder  urethra
Collecting tubule  major calyx  minor calyx 
renal pelvis  ureter  urinary bladder  urethra
Collecting tubule  minor calyx  major calyx 
urethra  urinary bladder  ureter

123. 123
Answer:
Collecting tubule 
minor calyx  major calyx 
renal pelvis ureter  urinary
bladder  urethra

124. 124
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